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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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*Palladio
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1570 - Four Books on Architecture
Use of statues, pillars, arcs, triangles. Villas. Numerical harmonic measurements. Painting of Christ and disciples - heads glowing, diagonal where the table is, disturbed balance, unusual usage of color and proportions |
architecture
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St. Peter's
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something
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Michelangelo
Bernini's colonnade and statues |
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Borromini
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something
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architecture
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Versailles
- Hardouin-Mansart - Lebrum |
Palace:
Hall of Mirrors facing garden King's Apartment Bust of Bernini (twisted, motion) king's bedroom - ornate Decorations - Le Brum Apollo fountain - horses, energy, spouting water Opera house - ballet, theater - king often acted in ballets |
architecture
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Inigo Jones
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England
Banqueting House in London |
architecture
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Christopher Wren
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St. Paul's Cathedral, London
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architecture
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Sluter
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Limbourg Bros.
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sculpture
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*Bernini
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portraits of various members of the court, swirly, northern renaissance sculptures
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sculpture
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Differences among high Renaissance, mannerist, and Baroque (Counter-reformation, aristocratic, bourgois) styles
- Wolfflin's categories (linear vs. painterly) |
Renaissance: at the funeral of the Duke of Burgundy there was a huge artistic procession - included a sculpture of the Well of Moses, realist European sculptures, Moses statue with horns
- illuminations (painted decorations), first time breath and smoke were painted - urban life - religious paintings - linear - H. R. perspective construction, primary colors, balance and order Baroque: illusion, movement, religious fervor |
painting
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Limbourg Bros
- illumination / book of hours |
Sluter
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painting
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*Van Eyck
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Development of oil painting.
Painted "Adoration of the Lamb" - multiple panels fold out into altarpiece - Adam and Eve, God, Mary and John the Baptist, Christ on the altar |
painting
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*Durer
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woodcut and engraving - Northern Renaissance Art.
First major artist to publish his art in a book. Convert to Lutheranism First self-portrait at age 13...multiple self-portraits throughout his life. Loved nature (watercolors), painted Renaissance and Venetian life, scientific portrayals, animals, perspective, human proportions Engravings on wood and metal "Knight, Death, and the Devil" wood block; "Adam and Eve," "Four Apostles" Erasmus called him "The Appelles of the black line" Painted a portrait of Erasmus Went to Italy to learn from Venetians |
painting
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Cranach
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painted Luther
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painting
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Altdorfer
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something
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painting
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Grunewald
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Painted altarpiece of Christ's Crucifixion (most gruesome representation)
- Mary in John's arms Painted another portrayal of Christ's resurrection (weightless and majestic) |
painting
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Bosch
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something
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painting
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*Bruegel
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Northern Renaissance Art.
*Painted "The Fall of Icarus" - everything turns away from the disaster Painted peasant life (The Wedding Scene) |
painting
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Hilliard
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something
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painting
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Holbein
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something
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painting
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Titian
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something
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painting
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*Tintoretto
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Mannerist
Painted The Last Supper - Christ with bright light around head. Diagonal on left, straight up on right. |
painting
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Pontormo
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something
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painting
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Parmigianino
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something
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painting
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El Greco
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Painting - Christ driving people away
- Mannerist - right side straight and stable - left side switches to diagonal instability |
painting
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*Caravaggio
chiaroscuro (tenebrism) |
Tenebrism (Latin for dark) – lights down low, in painting, dramatically highlights some detail
- Caravaggio, Velatour, Rembrant - Different tonality of the painting The Conversion of St. Paul painting - man lying under trampling horse |
painting
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A. Gentileschi
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something
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painting
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La Tour
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something
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painting
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Poussin
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something
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painting
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Claude (Lorrain)
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something
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painting
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Rigaud
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something
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painting
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*Velazquez
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Painted young girl princess
- see him standing in background - mirror reflects king and queen |
painting
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*Rubens
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Baroque Art
Architecture in England and Netherlands Painted for royalty Paintings of the crucifixion, portraits, and lanscapes Flemish painter (Flanders - France) Netherlands (Protestant area) Catholic |
painting
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*Rembrandt
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Many self-portraits
Limited printing pallet (browns and reds - no greens) Pastel technique - used paint like clay, more sculpturesque Painting of Abraham and Isaac - woman taken in adultery - crucifixion |
painting
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van Dyck
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something
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painting
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Hals
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something
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painting
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Vermeer (contrast with Rembrandt)
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something
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painting
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still life
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something
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painting
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genre scene
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painting of everyday life
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painting
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corporate (group) portrait, esp. Hals and Rembrandt
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something
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painting
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Religious affiliations of artists (which are protestant?)
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something
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painting
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Group identifications (tenebrists, landscape painters)
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something
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painting
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Montaigne (Essays)
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something
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literature
hum. and presumption |
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*Shakespeare
- Hamlet - identify lines of main characters, Roman tragedies broadly |
Ghost of Hamlet's father appears to him at midnight, demands vengeance.
"To be or not to be" Hamlet Polonius and King plotting with Ophelia to spy on Hamlet. After Hamlet kills Polonius he argues with mother that she cannot call what she has with Claudius "love" Laertes returns from France and demands his father from the king - wants revenge for the death of Polonius |
literature
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Metaphysical poetry and its relevance to mannerism
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Shocking images and paradox represent what is happening
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literature
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*John Donne
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"An Anatomy of the World" compared to Castiglione's "The Courtier"
- circular orbits Castiglione argues the earth is in the center, heavens and sun revolving around it, God is like a circle |
literature
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Andrew Marvell
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"To His Coy Mistress" - arguing "seize the day"
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literature
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Milton
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Began Paradise Lost 1654, published 1667 (reign of Charles II)
Puritan, Latin secretary to Cromwell Wrote treatises against Charles I be Paradise Lost: Adam and Eve -expectations, children, virtue |
literature
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epic conventions, blank verse, blindness
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Ex: Achilles and Aeneas, two epic heroes alluded to by Milton
Pietas (loyal, dutybound, obedient) vs Adam (disloyal, heroic built, anti-Aeneas, can't leave Eve |
literature
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Moliere
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wrote Tartuffe (comedy)
- comedic sattire - offends piety |
literature
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Renaissance Humanism
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Montaigne, Erasmus, More (including Erasmus's lit. portrait), Hamlet quotes
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Montaigne
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Erasmus
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Argued with Luther about truth
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Thomas More
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More's Epitaph (A Man For All Seasons)
Put into prison for not taking the oath of supremacy. Accused for denying the king's title through silence. He argued that silence equals consent, not denial ("Qui taret consentire") |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Platonism
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Ficino, Pico, optimism about human potential
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Reformation
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Inner spiritual renewal. The construct of the Church was being critiqued and changed.
Luther, Erasmus, Zwingli, Calvin |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Martin Luther
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A reformer and revolutionary.
Nailed up 95 theses (arguments) against the church, in 1517. Published 3 treatises in 1520. Protestantism fractured. debate over sacrament with Svingli |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Erasmus (and Luther debate)
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Distinguished man in writing, critical of the church.
Favored Luther's work. Didn't like to argue, but was pressed to share his opinion on Luther. He finally wrote a modest treatise against Luther in 1520s: Erasmus: took middle ground, Catholic, didn't like to argue, modest and humble, shared parable of child and father Luther: more fiery and straightforward, Christian perspective, accuses Erasmus of having little understanding of Christian scripture, claimed the will cannot be altered (it goes where God or Satan chooses) |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Zwingli
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Catholic priest
Focused on simplicity in the church; replaced windows with stained glass, podium in the center, replaced silver chalice with wooden cup for sacrament Argued against Luther |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Calvin
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predestination, The Institute, tried to create community where all aspects of life were monitored under religious leaders (theocracy – in Geneva -> Scotland -> foundation of the period)
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Counter-Reformation
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Ignatius Loyola, St. Teresa of Avilla
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Ignatius Loyola
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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St. Teresa of Avilla
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depicted by Bernini
- Counter-reformation – emotion and religion, mysticism - Direct and immediate relationship with God - Wrote a lot – prominent mystic of the time period |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Monarchs - which ones were patrons?
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Henry VIII of England
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Philip IV of Spain
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Elizabeth I of England
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Charles I of England, the Puritan Revolution
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Son of James I.
3-sided portrait painted by Van Dyke so his face could be sculpted by Bernini |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Louis XIV of France
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Le grand roi / siecle
"L'etat c'est moi" Full power at 21 (1661), defined himself as the SUN/SON - rules alone, supreme, final word Versailles |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Urban VIII
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pope, patron of arts, especially Bernini
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Scientific Revolution
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Vesalius, Harvey, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo
Metaphysical poetry and mannerism |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Vesalius
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anatomy
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Harvey
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circulation of blood
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Copernicus
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something
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Kepler
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elliptical orbits
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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*Galileo
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Wrote letter concerning who has the authority to articulate views. There are different ways of understanding truth. In scientific investigation we should begin with observation in nature because it follows absolute laws; the bible isn’t absolute.
Church accused Galileo of heresy. He was told to abandon his views on Copernicus. Wrote the letter to the mother of his patron. |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Philosophy and Scientific Revolution
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Bacon, Descartes, Pascal
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Francis Bacon
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Novum Organum
- truth |
history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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*Descartes
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Discourse on Method
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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Pascal
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Pensees
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history, philosophy, science, and ideas
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General features of Renaissance style, choral polyphony, Josquin des Prez
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something
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music
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Elizabethan motet/anthem/mass
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Tallis and Byrd.
Some music composed by King Henry. Tendency towards syllabic text music (one note for every syllable) Motet: Principle music form during the Renaissance. Religious composition with Latin text. Anthem: Multiple choirs of about five adding on to each other... Mass: songs written by William Byrd to tribute Tallis at death |
music
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Tallis
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Tallis scholars - prestigious group of singers.
William Byrd wrote him a tribute at his death (mass for four). |
music
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William Byrd
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Wrote a tribute to Tallis at his death.
Wrote songs for mass. |
music
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Reformation context of Tallis and Byrd
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something
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music
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madrigal form
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From Italy
Morely, Weelkes, Monteverdi, word painting - Monteverdi – master of Italian madrigal – opera - Mordi – month of may - Wilkes – more elaborate |
music
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Morely
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madrigal
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music
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Weelkes
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madrigal
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music
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Monteverdi
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The birth of opera (madrigal).
1607 - wrote Orfeo, the first opera. - showed in Court of Madua Very accomplished musician Recitative Added choral parts to madrigal. |
music
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word painting
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used in madrigal.
Words color the music Ex: "Running down" "sailing up" "all alone" |
music
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Dowland
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lute and ayre
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music
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opera
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includes Florentine Camerata, Monteverdi, Purcell, Lully, recitative, aria, ground bass
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music
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Florentine Camerata
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Group of poets studying classical pieces.
Included Peri (wrote Dafne, a musical play with sung speech [recitative]), Montiverde |
music
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*Monteverdi
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opera
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Purcell
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Dido and Aeneas
- repetitive chords |
music
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Lully
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court composer of Louis XIV, opera
conducted with a staff |
music
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recitative
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opera
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music
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aria
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opera
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music
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ground bass
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repetitive chords
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music
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Distinctive features of Baroque style
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1600-1750 - style of counter-reformation, style of 17th century
instrumental genres - continuo (harpsichord or organ...composer adds) and figured bass (improv), ritornello, fugue, terraced dynamics, concerto grosso, suite Ground bass - repeated series of chords Chittorone - long-stringed instrument polyphonic, chromatic tones, emotion continuous tone color throughout one movement Monteverdi, Purcell, Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Handel (1750), Bach, Gremier |
music
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Continuo
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typically a harpsichord or organ
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music
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ritornello
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Baroque - a little return
RIT -> solo 1 -> RIT -> solo 2 -> RIT... tonic key -> other key -> tonic key |
music
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fugue
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Baroque - "flight"
- imitating voices - subject entry 1 voice next voice next voice |
music
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terraced dynamics
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Baroque
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music
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concerto grosso
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soloist group - merge as part of orchestra (strings, continuo)
Fast-slow-fast |
music
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suite
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Baroque orchestral suite
Dances: Allemande (upbeat), Courante, Sarabande, Minuet Handel's Water Music |
music
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oratorio
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Has all elements of opera except costumes and spectacle
- choral parts, instruments, arias - Passion, cantata Bach "Johannes Passion" |
music
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Passion
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type of oratorio, Suffering of Christ, crucifixion
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music
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cantata
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hymn chorale
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music
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Bach
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"The Well-Tempered Clavier"
fugues "A Mighty Fortress is our God" - eight movements for chorus, soloists, and orchestra "Johannes Passion" (oratorio) - follows John 18-19 - chromatic - weeping bitterly - introspective poems - stripes across Christ's back like a rainbow - religious emotion |
music
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Handel
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"The Messiah"
"Water Music" - played on barge for royalty Wrote operas |
music
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Vivaldi
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"Spring"
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music
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