Human Sexuality Vocab (Ch.11-18)

Front 1

conceptus

Back 1

medical terminology, the developing human offspring from fertilization through birth

Front 2

contraception

Back 2

the prevention of conception altogether-sperm and egg are prevented from uniting

Front 3

birth control

Back 3

any means of preventing a birth from taking place-prevent a fertilized egg from implanting or removal of the fetus from the uterus

Front 4

abstinence

Back 4

absence of genital contact that could lead to pregnancy

Front 5

celibacy

Back 5

avoidance of all forms of sexual activity and, often, the religious commitment to not marry of to maintain a nonsexual lifestyle

Front 6

oral contraceptives

Back 6

a series of pills containing synthetic estrogen and/or progesterone that regulate egg production and the menstrual cycle-"the pill"

Front 7

"ACHES"

Back 7

Abdominal pain (severe), Chest pain, Headaches (severe), Eye problems (blurred vision, spots, or change in shape of cornea), Severe leg pain

Front 8

Depo-Provera

Back 8

an injectable contraceptive injected four times a year under the skin

Front 9

contraceptive patch

Back 9

transdermal patch that releases synthetic estrogen and progestin to protect against pregnancy for one month

Front 10

vaginal ring

Back 10

a small flexible ring inserted high into the vagina once every 28 days, releases synthetic estrogen and progestin

Front 11

implant

Back 11

no longer on the market

Front 12

male condom

Back 12

thin, soft, flexible sheath or latex rubber, polyurethane, or processed animal tissue that fits over the erect penis to prevent semen from being transmitted

Front 13

nonoxyl-9 (N-9)

Back 13

spermicide used on condoms, used as a back up to the condom, kills the sperm

Front 14

female condom

Back 14

disposable, soft, loose-fitting polyurethane sheath with a diaphragm-like ring at each end, designed to line the inner walls of the vagina to protect women against sperm

Front 15

diaphragm

Back 15

a rubber cup with a flexible rim that is placed deep inside the vagina, blocking the cervix, usually used with a spermicidal cream or jelly

Front 16

parity

Back 16

number of times a woman has given birth

Front 17

cervical cap

Back 17

a small, soft, deep rubber barrier device that fits snugly over the cervix, held in place with a suction, prior to insertion it is filled one-third full with spermicidal cream or jelly

Front 18

sponge

Back 18

a round polyurethane shield measures about 2 inches in diameter and has a pouch that fits over the cycle, sponge is filled with N-9

Front 19

spermicide

Back 19

a substance that is toxic to sperm

Front 20

contraceptive foam

Back 20

a chemical spermacide sold in aerosol containers

Front 21

contraceptive film

Back 21

a paper-thin tissue contains N-9 which dissolves into a sticky gel when inserted into the vagina, film place directly over the cervix at least 15 min. before intercourse

Front 22

intrauterine device (IUD)

Back 22

tiny plastic or copper device that is inserted into the uterus through the cervical os to prevent sperm from fertilizing the ova

Front 23

abortifacient

Back 23

a device or substance that causes an abortion

Front 24

fertility awareness-based (FAB) methods

Back 24

a family planning method that require substantial education, training and diligence. based on a woman's knowledge of her body's reproductive cycle (also known as the Natural Family Planning method)

Front 25

calendar (rhythm) method

Back 25

based on calculating the "safe" days, depends on the range of a woman's longest and shortest menstrual cycle, not practical for women with irregular cycles

Front 26

basal body temperature (BMT) method

Back 26

must record her temperature every morning upon waking for 6-12 months to gain an accurate idea of her temperature pattern, rise in temperature predicts when her cycle of ovulation will occur

Front 27

ovulation method

Back 27

determine their stage in the menstrual cycle by examining the mucus secretions of the cervix

Front 28

symptothermal method

Back 28

when two or more fertility indicators are used together

Front 29

sterilization

Back 29

surgical intervention that makes the reproductive organs incapable of producing or delivering viable gametes (sperm and eggs), simpler safer and cheaper when performed on men

Front 30

tubal ligations

Back 30

"tying the tubes" either by laparoscopy or minilaparotomy, procedures are not reversible

Front 31

laparoscopy

Back 31

most frequently used method, inflate woman's abdomen with gas to make the organs more visible, surgeon inserts a rodlike instrument with a viewing lens through a small incision and locates the fallopian tubes, the tubes are cauterized to seal them shut

Front 32

vasectomy

Back 32

minor surgical procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office under a local anesthetic, through an incision each vas deferens is lifted, cut, tied and often cauterized with electricity

Front 33

Emergency Contraception (EC)

Back 33

involves taking a large dose of the same hormones found in birth control pills (not an abortion pill, will not cause any damage if a pregnancy has already occured)

Front 34

abortion

Back 34

expulsion of the conceptus, can happen naturally or can be made to happen several ways

Front 35

spontaneous abortions

Back 35

also known as miscarriages, can happen for many reasons-woman suffered physical trauma, conceptus not properly developed, physical conditions within the uterus breakdown and end development

Front 36

medical abortion

Back 36

contains mifepristone and misoprostol. mifepristone prevents the cells of the uterine lining from getting the progesterone it needs to support a blastocyst, embryo cannot survive and is expelled from the uterus, can be taken up to 9 weeks into the pregnancy

Front 37

RU-486

Back 37

the abortion pill, marketed as Mifeprex

Front 38

Vacuum Aspiration (first trimester method)

Back 38

performed under local anesthesia, first step=rinse vagina with antiseptic solution, second step=the cervix is dilated with a series of graduated rods, third step=a small tube attached to a vacuum is inserted through the cervix, fourth step=the conceptus, placenta and endometrial tissue is vacuumed out, can be performed up to 14 weeks' gestation, no evidence of childbearing problems

Front 39

Dilation and Evacuation (second trimester method)

Back 39

usually performed during the second trimester (weeks 13 to 20), local or general anesthesia is used, cervix is slowly dilated and the fetus is removed by alternating curettage and other procedures. somewhat riskier and often more traumatic than a first trimester abortion

Front 40

hysterotomy

Back 40

a surgical method of abortion requires an incision in the woman's stomach, similar to a cesarean section, whereby the fetus is removed

Front 41

capacitation

Back 41

the process by which the sperm's membrane becomes fragile enough to release enzymes from it's acrosome (the helmet like covering)

Front 42

blastocyst

Back 42

a fertilized zygote that has reached about 100 cells, after 4 to 5 days

Front 43

implantation

Back 43

when the blastocyst embeds itself in the soft, blood-rich uterine lining, takes about 1 week

Front 44

embryo

Back 44

blastocyst turns into this

Front 45

fetus

Back 45

an embryo is referred to as this after the eighth week of gestation

Front 46

gestation

Back 46

pregnancy

Front 47

embryonic membranes

Back 47

formed during the first 2 or 3 weeks of development, includes the amnion, amniotic fluid, yolk sac, and chorion

Front 48

amnion

Back 48

the amniotic sac, a membranous sac

Front 49

amniotic fluid

Back 49

fluid in the amniotic sac

Front 50

yolk sac

Back 50

producer of the embryo's first blood cells and the germ cells that will develop into gonads

Front 51

chorion

Back 51

the embryo's outermost membrane

Front 52

lanugo

Back 52

a soft, downy hair that covers the fetus

Front 53

placenta

Back 53

nourishes the placenta by passing nutrients from the mother's bloodstream to the fetus, via the umbilical cord

Front 54

umbilical cord

Back 54

the tube through which the nutrients for the fetus travel

Front 55

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Back 55

a chemical secreted by the developing placenta, can be used as an indicator of pregnancy because it shows up in the urine

Front 56

Hegar's sign

Back 56

the softening of the uterus just above the cervix, can be felt during a vaginal examination to indicate pregnancy

Front 57

teratogens

Back 57

substances that cause defects in developing embryos or fetuses

Front 58

Fetal Alchol Syndrome (FAS)

Back 58

a birth defect caused by chronic consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, symptons can include unusual facial features, small head and body size, congenital heart defects, defective joints, and intellectual and behavioral impairment

Front 59

Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE)

Back 59

a birth defect caused by lower levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, symptoms include moderate intellectual and behavioral deficits that resemble FAS children but at a less severe level

Front 60

ectopic pregnancy

Back 60

also known as tubal pregnancy, occurs in about 1% of all pregnancies, fertilized egg grows outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube

Front 61

endometriosis

Back 61

growth of tissue outside the uterus

Front 62

pregnancy-induced hypertension

Back 62

previously referred to as toxemia or eclampsia, characterizd by high blood pressure and edema along with protein in the urine, occurs in less than 10% of all pregnancies

Front 63

premature births

Back 63

births that take place prior to 37 weeks of gestation

Front 64

low-birth-weight infants

Back 64

babies that weigh less than 2,500 grams, or 5.5 pounds at birth

Front 65

delayed labor

Back 65

pregnancies that go longer than 2 weeks after the expected delivery date

Front 66

ultrasound

Back 66

an examination that uses high-frequency sound waves to create a computer-generated picture of the internal structure of the fetus in the uterus

Front 67

sonograms

Back 67

the picture result of the ultrasound

Front 68

amniocentesis

Back 68

a test where amniotic fluid is withdrawn from the uterus using a long, thin needle, insertedd through the abdominal wall, the fluid is tested for birth defects, can cause a miscarriage

Front 69

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Back 69

a procedure that involves removal through the abdomen or the cervix of tiny pieces of membrane that encases the embryo, not as useful as amniocentesis but carries the same risk

Front 70

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening

Back 70

a test performed on the mother's blood at around 16-18 weeks of pregnancy, reveals defects of the spine, spinal cord, skull and brain

Front 71

early pregnancy loss

Back 71

the death of a fetus before 20 weeks

Front 72

miscarriage

Back 72

spontaneous loss of the fetus before it can survive on its own

Front 73

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Back 73

a perplexing phenomenon wherein an apparently healthy infant dies suddenly while sleeping, sleeping position may be one variable so AAP recommends placing infants on their backs for sleeping

Front 74

infertility

Back 74

the inability to conciece a child after a year of unprotected sex or the inability to carry a fetus to term

Front 75

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Back 75

a infection of the fallopian tubes or uterus that is usually the result of an STI such as chlamydia

Front 76

varicocele

Back 76

varicose vein above the testicle, impairs circulation to the testicle, causes an elevate scrotal temperature and intereferes with sperm development

Front 77

artificial insemination(AI)

Back 77

involves injecting the woman with sperm from her partner or a donor

Front 78

assisted reproductive technology (ART)

Back 78

surgical removal of the eggs from a woman's ovaries, combining them with sperm in the laboratory, and returning them to the woman's body or donating them to another woman

Front 79

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Back 79

involves extracting a woman's eggs, fertilizing the eggs in the laboratory, and then transferring the resulting embryos into the woman's uterus through the cervix

Front 80

gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Back 80

involves the use of a fiber-optic instrument to guide the transfer of unfertilized eggs and sperm (gametes) into the woman's fallopian tubes through small incisions in her abdomen

Front 81

zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)

Back 81

a woman's eggs are fertilized in the laboratory and then transferred to her fallopian tubes

Front 82

cloning

Back 82

is the reproduction of an individual from a single cell taken from a donor or parent

Front 83

sex selection

Back 83

marketed under the title "family balancing," allows couples to choose whether to have a boy or a girl

Front 84

relaxin

Back 84

a hormone produced in the later months of pregnancy by the placenta, increases flexibility in the ligaments and joints of the pelvic area

Front 85

Braxton-Hicks contractions

Back 85

occasional uterine contractions in the last trimester that are strong but not painful, they exercise the uterus, preparing it for labor

Front 86

effacement

Back 86

the thinning of the cervix that begins with contractions

Front 87

dilation

Back 87

gradual opening of the cervix that begins with contractions

Front 88

transition

Back 88

the first stage of labor, ends when the contractions become more intense and come quicker

Front 89

vernix

Back 89

the waxy substance covering a newborn baby

Front 90

afterbirth

Back 90

the expelling of the placenta, remaining section of the umbilical cord and the fetal membranes, completion of the third and final stage of labor

Front 91

neonate

Back 91

clinical name for the newborn

Front 92

Apgar score

Back 92

a score given an infant that rates the heart rate, respiration, skin color, reflexes and muscle tone, individually rated 0-2, infant needs a score of at least 8 to be healthy

Front 93

lochia

Back 93

a bloody discharge from the mother which continues for several weeks following the birth

Front 94

epidural

Back 94

a pain-killing drug continuously administered through a tiny catheter placed in the woman's lower back and numbs the body from the lower belly to the knees, child can receive the drug through the placenta which may reduce heart and respiration rates

Front 95

episiotomy

Back 95

an incision that enlarges the vaginal opening by cutting through the perineum toward the anus

Front 96

Cesarean section or C-section

Back 96

delivery of the baby through an incision in the mother's abdominal wall and uterus

Front 97

Prepared childbirth

Back 97

(natural childbirth) the practice of teaching both partners about childbirth and giving them physical exercises to ease muscle tension, women began rejecting anesthesia and taking a more active role in childbirth

Front 98

colostrum

Back 98

sometimes as early as the second trimester, a yellowish liquid is secreted from the nipples, it's what nourishes the baby before the mother's milk comes in

Front 99

postpartum period

Back 99

three months following the birth, also known as the "fourth trimester", a time of physical and emotional adjustment

Front 100

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

Back 100

an act that assures eligible employees up to a total of 12 workweeks of unpaid leave for the birth and care of the newborn child

Front 101

postpartum depression

Back 101

occurs in 10-15% of new mothers and can have its onset any time in the first year postpartum, related to hormonal changes brought on by sleep deprivation, weaning, and the resumption of the mentrual cycle

Front 102

postpartum psychosis

Back 102

most serious and rarest postpartum mental illness, unlike the other disorders, postpartum psychosis is thought to be purely biologically based and related to hormonal changes, affected women tend to have difficulty sleeping, be prone to agitation and hyperactivity, and intermittently experience delusions, hallucinations, and paranoia

Front 103

sexual health

Back 103

a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being related to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity

Front 104

eating disorders

Back 104

compulsive overeating and compulsive overdieting and combinations thereof

Front 105

anorexia nervosa

Back 105

relentless pursuit of excessive thinness

Front 106

bulimia

Back 106

characterized by episodes of uncontrolled, often secret, overeating, which the person then tries to counteract by purging--vomiting, fasting, excessive exercising or dieting, or using laxatives or diuretics

Front 107

binge eating disorder

Back 107

excessive overeating without any form of counteraction

Front 108

anabolic steriods

Back 108

a synthetic version of the hormone testosterone, used by body-builders and other athletes to enhance their strength and add bulk to their bodies

Front 109

disinhibition

Back 109

the phenomenon of activating behaviors that would normally be suppressed

Front 110

aphrodisiacs

Back 110

substances that supposedly increase sexual desire or sexual function

Front 111

perimenopause

Back 111

the period of adjustment and gradual change before menopause, marked by the ovaries producing less and less estrogen and progesterone thus making ovulation irregular

Front 112

natural menopause

Back 112

the complete cessation of menstruation for at least one year, average age for this occurence is 51

Front 113

hot flash

Back 113

a period of intense warmth, flushing, and often perspiration, typically lasting for a minute or two, but ranging anywhere from 15 seconds to 1 hour in length

Front 114

menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), aka hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Back 114

used to relieve the symptoms of menopause, involves the use of estrogen or a combo of estrogen with another hormone, progesterone or progestin in its synthetic form

Front 115

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Back 115

an enlargement of the prostate gland, effects about half of men over 50 years of age

Front 116

diabetes mellitus

Back 116

chronic disease characterized by an excess of sugar in the blood and urine, due to a deficiency of insulin, a protein hormone

Front 117

benign tumors

Back 117

noncancerous, slow growing, and localized mass

Front 118

malignant tumors

Back 118

cancerous mass, does not remain localized, it invades nearby tissues and disrupts the normal functioning of vital organs

Front 119

metastasis

Back 119

the process by which a disease spreads from one part of the body to another, unrelated

Front 120

mammography

Back 120

a clinical breast examination that screens the breast tissue for masses

Front 121

fibrocystic disease

Back 121

a common and generally harmless breast condition, not really a disease

Front 122

lumpectomy

Back 122

a surgical procedure that involves the removal of only the breast lump and some normal tissue around it and is followed by several weeks of radiation treatment, also called breast conserving therapy

Front 123

mastectomy

Back 123

involves the removal of more of the breast tissue than with a lumpectomy and is usually followed by radiation therapy

Front 124

cervical dysplasia also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Back 124

a condition of the cervical epithelium (covering membrane) that may lead to cancer if not treated

Front 125

cervical cancer

Back 125

an advanced and dangerous malignancy in the cervix

Front 126

Pap Test, also known as a Pap Smear

Back 126

a simple procedure that can not only detect cancer but also reveal changes in cells that make them precancerous, a pap test can warn against cancer even pefore it begins

Front 127

biopsy

Back 127

a surgical removal of tissue for diagnosis

Front 128

hysterectomy

Back 128

surgical removal of the uterus

Front 129

oophorectomy

Back 129

the removal of one or more ovaries because of endometriosis, cysts, or tumors

Front 130

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Back 130

a blood test used to help diagnose prostate cancer, although research shows that PSA misses some early prostate cancers

Front 131

clitoridectomy, female circumcision, infibulation

Back 131

types of female genital cutting

Front 132

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Back 132

an infection caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium, tampons create an ideal culture medium for the overgrowth of this bacteria

Front 133

endometriosis

Back 133

one of the most common gynecological diseases, involves the growth of endometrial tissue outward into the organs surrounding the uterus

Front 134

prostatitis

Back 134

the inflammation of the prostate gland

Front 135

sexual function dissatisfaction

Back 135

another name for sexual dissatisfaction, a common outcome of a difficulty in sexual functioning

Front 136

sexual dysfunctions (DSM-IV-TR)

Back 136

disturbance in sexual desire and in the psychophysiological changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty

Front 137

Sexual Desire Disorders

Back 137

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder and sexual aversion disorder

Front 138

Sexual Arousal Disorders

Back 138

Female sexual arousal disorder and male erectile disorder

Front 139

Orgasmic Disorders

Back 139

Female orgasmic disorder, male orgasmic disorder, and premature ejaculation

Front 140

Sexual Pain Disorders

Back 140

Dyspareunia and Vaginismus

Front 141

Hypoactive Sexual Desire

Back 141

the persistant or recurrent deficiency or lack of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 142

Sexual Aversion Disorder

Back 142

persistent and recurrent aversion to and avoidance of genital contact with a partner that causes marked distress

Front 143

Female Sexual Arousal Disorder

Back 143

persistent or recurring inability to attain or maintain the level of vaginal lubrication and swelling associated with sexual excitement, causing marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 144

Male Erectile Disorder or Erectile Dysfunction

Back 144

persistent or recurring inability to attain or maintain an adequate erection until completion of sexual activity, causing marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 145

Persistant Sexual Arousal Syndrome (PSAS)

Back 145

a sexual function problem not included in the DSM-IV-TR, sexual arousal that does not resolve in ordinary ways and continues for hours, days or even weeks

Front 146

Female Orgasmic Disorder

Back 146

persistent and recurrent absence of or delay in orgasm for women following normal sexual excitement

Front 147

Male Orgasmic Disorder

Back 147

persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase of Masters and Johnson's sexual response cycle that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 148

Inhibited Ejaculation

Back 148

when a man is unable to ejaculate no matter how long stimulation is maintained

Front 149

Delayed Ejaculation

Back 149

when the man is not able to ejaculate easily, it may take 40 minutes or more concentrated thrusting before ejaculation occurs

Front 150

Premature Ejaculation

Back 150

persistent and recurrent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation, before or shortly after penetration, that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 151

Dyspareunia

Back 151

persistent or recurrent genital pain, ranging from mild to severe, that is associated with intercourse and that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty

Front 152

Anodyspareunia

Back 152

pain associated with sex that occurs during anal intercourse

Front 153

Vaginismus

Back 153

persistent or recurrent involuntary spasm of the muscles of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse and causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulties

Front 154

Peyronie's Disease

Back 154

a condition in which calcium deposits and tough fibrous tissue develop in the corpora cavernosa within the penis

Front 155

Priapism

Back 155

prolonged, painful erection, ocurring when blood is unable to drain from the penis, lasting several hours to a few days

Front 156

Pubococcygeus

Back 156

also known as P.C., the pelvic floor muscle surrounding the urethra and the vagina

Front 157

Spectatoring

Back 157

when a person becomes a spectator of her or his own sexual performance

Front 158

internalized homophobia

Back 158

self-hatred because of one's homosexuality--a major source of conflict that can be traced to a conservative religous upbringing

Front 159

sexual function enhancement

Back 159

improving the quality of a sexual relationship, who may have normal sexual functioning and not need improvement

Front 160

erotic aids/sex toys

Back 160

products designed to enhance erotic responsiveness (eg: vibrators, dildos, clitoral stimulators, explicit videos, oils or lotions)

Front 161

sex surrogates

Back 161

part of Masters and Johnson's therapy team, whose role was to have sexual interactions with clients when no partner was available

Front 162

sensate focus

Back 162

focus on touch and the giving and recieving of pleasure

Front 163

squeeze technique

Back 163

(used to treat premature ejaculation) man is brought manually to a full erection, just before climax, he squeezes his penis with thumb and forefinger just below the corona, after 30 seconds of inactivity, the partner arouses him again and repeats the squeeze technique, the couple using this technique can continue 1-20 minutes before the man ejaculates

Front 164

PLISSIT model

Back 164

four progressive levels of sex therapy: Permission, Limited Information, Specific Suggestions, and Intense Therapy

Front 165

incidence

Back 165

number of new cases

Front 166

prevalence

Back 166

total number of cases

Front 167

ectoparasitic infestations

Back 167

parasites that live on the outer skin surfaces

Front 168

chlamydia

Back 168

a bacterial infection characterized by unusual discharge, burning sensation with urination, unexplained vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods, pain and swelling of testicles

Front 169

epididymitis

Back 169

chlamydia-related inflammation of the epididymus, untreated can lead to infertility

Front 170

gonorrhea ("The Clap")

Back 170

a bacterial infection that thrives in warm moist environments: characterized by thick yellow or white vaginal discharge, itching or burning at the urethral opening, pain when urinating, severe lower abdominal pain

Front 171

Urinary tract infections (NGU/NSU)

Back 171

infections in the urethra characterized by a burning sensation when urinating, burning or itching around urethral opening, unusual discharge

Front 172

Syphilis

Back 172

genital ulcerative disease caused by a spirochete bacteria, Stage 1: Primary Syphilis, Stage 2: Secondary Syphilis, and Stage 3: Latency

Front 173

spirochete

Back 173

a spiral-shaped bacterium

Front 174

chancre

Back 174

a round, painless sore (caused by syphilis)

Front 175

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Back 175

genital infection, usually causes no symptoms, but some people experience genital warts, HPV can cause cervical cancer

Front 176

genital warts

Back 176

soft, moist, pink or flesh-colored swellings in the genital area, can be flat, single or multiple, small or large, and sometimes cauliflower shaped

Front 177

herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Back 177

type 1 and type 2, virus spreads from sores or outbreaks from the skin even when it does not appear to be broken or have a sore

Front 178

hepatitis

Back 178

a viral disease affecting the liver, most common types transmitted sexuality are A and B, C is primarily spread through contact with infected blood

Front 179

vaginitis

Back 179

often but not always sexually transmitted, three types are bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis

Front 180

bacterial vaginosis (BV)

Back 180

bacterial infection caused by an overabundance of the bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis, a normal inhabitant of a healthy vagina

Front 181

candidiasis

Back 181

aka a "yeast infection", common fungal infection that occurs when there is an overgrowth of the fungus called Candida albicans

Front 182

trichomoniasis

Back 182

caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite, most common curable STI in young, sexually active women

Front 183

scabies

Back 183

a red, intensley itchy rash caused by the barely visible mite Sarcoptes scabiei

Front 184

pubic lice

Back 184

an infection of "crabs," move easily from one person to another, "crabs" can survive up t a day and lay eggs that hatch in about a week on clothing and bedding

Front 185

cystitis

Back 185

bladder infection that affects mainly women, not transmitable, characterized by painful burning urination and a constant need to urinate

Front 186

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 186

virus that causes AIDS

Front 187

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 187

HIV once the number of viral cells has reached a certain point

Front 188

opportunistic infections (OIs)

Back 188

a disease that takes advantage of a weakened immune system

Front 189

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Back 189

a type of pneumonia caused by a common organism that isn't usually harmful, an OI that kills AIDS patients

Front 190

Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 190

cancer of the blood vessels common in AIDS patients, causes red or purple blotches to appear under the skin

Front 191

leukocytes

Back 191

white blood cells, play major roles in defending the body against invading organisms

Front 192

macrohages

Back 192

a type of white blood cell that engulfs a foreign particle and displays the invader's antigen

Front 193

antigens

Back 193

large molecules that are capable of stimulating the immune system and then reacting with the antibodies that are released to fight them

Front 194

antibodies

Back 194

bind to antigens, inactivate them, and mark them for destruction by killer cells

Front 195

lymphocytes

Back 195

a type of leukocyte, crucial to the immune system's functioning, types are B and T

Front 196

B cells

Back 196

lymphocyte

Front 197

T cells

Back 197

lymphocyte

Front 198

helper T cells

Back 198

programmed to "read" the antigens and then begin directing the immune system's response

Front 199

killer T cells

Back 199

purpose is to attack and obliterate the foreing body

Front 200

virus

Back 200

a protein-coated package of genes that invades a cell and alters the way in which the cell reproduces itself

Front 201

reverse transcriptase

Back 201

an enzyme that allows the HIV virus to "write" its RNA into a cell's DNA

Front 202

retrovirus

Back 202

viruses with the ability to reverse the normal genetic writing process

Front 203

serconversion

Back 203

the process by which a person developes antibodies

Front 204

serostatus

Back 204

HIV negative if antibodies to HIV are not detected

Front 205

epidemiology

Back 205

the study of the incidence, process, distribution, and control of diseases

Front 206

perinatal transmission

Back 206

the passing of disease from mother to child in the womb

Front 207

demographics

Back 207

the statistical characteristics of populations

Front 208

EIA (enzyme immunoassay)

Back 208

standard test used to detect the presence of antibodies to HIV

Front 209

Western blot

Back 209

a confirmatory HIV test used after an EIA to make sure of a positive diagnosis

Front 210

highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Back 210

a regimen used to treat HIV which is made up of a combination of three or more medications

Front 211

sexual harassment

Back 211

two distinct types of behavior: (1)the abuse of power for sexual ends and (2) the creation of a hostile environment

Front 212

hostile environment

Back 212

an environment in which someone acts in sexual ways that interfere with a person's performance at school or in the workplace

Front 213

homophobia

Back 213

an irrational or phobic fear of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered people

Front 214

gay-bashing, queer-bashing

Back 214

violence against people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered

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rape

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sexual penetration against a person's will through the use or threat of force

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sexual aggression

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sexual activity, including petting, oral-genital sex, anal intercourse, and sexual intercourse, performed against a peron's will through the use of force, argument, pressure, alcohol or drugs, or authority

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sexual coercion

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broader term than "rape" and "sexual aggression," includes arguing, pleading, and cajoling as well as force and the threat of force

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sexual assault

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a term used by criminal justice system to describe forced sexual contact that does not necessarily include penile-vaginal intercourse, and so does not meet the legal definition of rape

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date rape, acquaintance rape

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sexual intercourse with a dating partner that occurs against the victim's will, with force or the threat of force

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postrefusal sexual persistance

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pursuit of sexual contact with a person after he or she has refused an initial advance

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age of consent

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the age at which a person is legally deemed capable of giving informed consent

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statutory rape

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consensual sex contact with a person younger than a state's age of consent

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rape trauma syndrome

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emotional changes undergone as a result of rape

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posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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a group of characteristic symptoms that follow an intensly distressing event outside a person's normal life experience

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child sexual abuse

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any sexual interaction (including fondling, sexual kissing, and oral sex, as well as vaginal or anal penetration) between an adult and a prepubescent child

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extrafamilial abuse

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sexual abuse by unrelated people

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intrafamilial abuse

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sexual abuse by biologically related people and step-relatives

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nonpedophilic sexual abuse

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an adult's sexual interaction with a child that is not sexually motivated (desire for power or affection)

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incest

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sexual intercourse between people too closely related to legally marry (father-daughter, mother-son, brother sister)

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sexual abuse trauma

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four components: traumatic sexualization, betrayal, powerlessness, and stigmatization

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erotica

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sexually explicit material that can be evaluated positively

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pornography

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sexually explicit material that is generally evaluated negatively

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obscenity

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implies a personal or societal judgment that something is offensive. Often, material depicting the use of violence and aggression or degrading and dehumanizing situations

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sexually explicit material

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material such as photographs, videos, films, magazines, and books whose primary themes, topics or depictions involve sexuality that may cause sexual arousal

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femme porn

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sexually explicit material catering to women and heterosexual couples (emotional intimacy, less male centered, avoids violence and more sensitive to women's erotic fantasies)

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censorship

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occurs when government, private groups, or individuals impose their moral or political values on others by suppressing words, ideas or images they deem offensive

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prostitution

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the exchange of sexual behaviors such as intercourse, fellatio, anal intercourse, discipline and bondage, and obscene insults, for money and/or goods

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peer delinquent subculture

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an antisocial street subculture, is characterized by male and female prostitution, drug dealing, panhandling, theft, and violence

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she-male

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a man who has undergone breast augmentation

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solicitation

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a word, gesture, or action that implies an offer of sex for sale

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sodomy

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many definitions, any sexual behaviors between members of the other or the same sex that cannot result in procreation and sexual behaviors considered to be "homosexual acts"