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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
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Supply O2 for the ETC and remove CO2 that is produced in pyruvate decarboxylation and the Krebs Cycle
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What do the type I alveolar cells do?
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Allow exchange of CO2 and O2
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What do the type II alveloar cells do?
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Produce surfactant which reduced the surface tension of water
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What do macrophages do in the alveloi?
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Ingest and destroy foreign material
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What is Dalton's Law?
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total pressure of a mix of gasses is the sum of the partial pressures of the constituent gases.
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What is Boyle's Law? How does it relate to inhalation and exhalation?
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P1V1= P2V2
For inhalation: volume of the lungs increases causing the pressure to decrease For exhalation: The volume of the lungs decreases, causing the pressure to increase |
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What does Henry's Law have to do with the pulmonary system?
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CO2 is more soluable that O2 in water which lead to the evolution of respiratory pigments, such as hemoglobin, that greatly increase the soluability of O2 in blood.
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Name the structures of the pleural sacs
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1. Lung
2. Chest wall 3. Elastic recoil 4. parietal pleura 5. Pleural fluid 6. visceral pleura 7. elastic recoil |
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during quiet breathing what structures are used in inhalation and expiration?
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Inhalation: Diaphragm and external intercostals (contract)
Expiration: Diaphragm and external intercostals (relax) |
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During active breathing what structures are used during inspiration and expiration?
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Inspiration: diaphragm and external intercostals contract, along with neck muscles
Expiration: Internal intercostals and abdominal muscles contract and diaphragm and external intercostals relax |
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What is a pneumothroax?
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Collapsed lung
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What is LaPlace's Law and how does it pertain to in the pulmonary system?
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P= 2T/ r
describes the air pressure inside of the alveolus |
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how does LaPlace's Law affect alveoli of different sizes?
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Because smaller alveoli are harder to inflate a greater amount of surfactant is made in the Type II cells of the small alveoli
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What is the average residual volume for a male?
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1200 ml
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What is the average Expiratory reserve volume for a male?
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1100 ml
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What is the average tidal volume for a male?
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500 ml
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What is the average inpiratory reserve volume?
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3000 ml
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Describe the steps for tidal volume exchange
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How do you calculate the total ventialtion per minute?
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Total= TV * RR
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Describe the pressures for gas exchange
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What is the partial pressure of O2 when hemoglobin is 98% saturated?
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100 mm Hg
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What is the partial pressure of O2 when hemoglobin is 75% saturated?
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40 mm Hg
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What would cause the O2 binding curve to shift to the right? What would the consequences be?
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Causes: Higher levels of 2.3-BPG, decreased pH, and increased temperature
Consequences: Decreased affinity, resulting in less oxygen loading in pulmonary capillaries and more unloading in systemic capillaries |
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What would cause the O2 binding curve to shift to the left and what would the consequences be?
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Causes: Lower levels of 2,3-BPG, increasing pH, decreased temperature
Consequences: Increased affinity resulting in more oxygen loading in pulmonary capillaries and less unloading in systemic capillaries |
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The O2 binding curve for a fetus is shifted to the left compared to the maternal curve, what does this cause?
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Fetal hemoglobin is more saturated than maternal hemoglobin at a given partial pressure, permits the fetus to survive in the hypoxic environment of the uterus
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Describe CO2 diffusion in and out of the blood
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