Human Growth And Development

Front 1

Freud's stages are psychosexual while Erikson's stages are

Back 1

psychosocial

Front 2

In Freudian theory instincts are emphasized. Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists ______.

Back 2

believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior

Front 3

The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was who?

Back 3

Erik Erikson

Front 4

The statement, "the ego is dependent on the id," would most likely relfect the work of who?

Back 4

Sigmund Freud

Front 5

Jean Piaget's theory has four stages. What are they in correct order?

Back 5

sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations

Front 6

Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Piaget's developmental research because____?

Back 6

his findings were often derived from observing his own children

Front 7

A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered ______.

Back 7

conservation

Front 8

In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to _____ or ______.

Back 8

volume or mass

Front 9

A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as

Back 9

Concrete operations-7 to 11 yrs. old

Front 10

_____ expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development.

Back 10

Lawrence Kohlberg

Front 11

According to Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests what?

Back 11

one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial shape

Front 12

During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget's stage of preoperational thought (stage 2) says, "The rain is following me." This is an example of

Back 12

egocentrism

Front 13

Lawrence Kohlberg suggested how many levels of morality?

Back 13

three

Front 14

This is one method used by Kohlberg to assess the level and stage of moral development in an individual.

Back 14

The Heinz Story

Front 15

The term "identity crisis" comes from the work of ____.

Back 15

Erikson

Front 16

What are Kohlberg's three levels of morality?

Back 16

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

Front 17

What are Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development?

Back 17

1.)Trust v/s Mistrust
2.)Autonomy/Shame
3.)Initiative/guilt
4.)industry/inferiority
5.)identity/role confusion
6.)intimacy/isolation
7.)generativity/stagnation
8.)integrity/despair

Front 18

In Kohlberg's first or preconventional level, the individual's moral behavior is guided by ___.

Back 18

consequences

Front 19

Kohlberg's second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by ____.

Back 19

a desire to live up to society's expectations and a desire to conform

Front 20

Kohlberg's highest level of morality is termed post-conventional morality. Here the individual

Back 20

has self-imposed morals and ethics

Front 21

According to Kohlberg, level three, which is postconventional or self-accepted moral principles is what?

Back 21

the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level

Front 22

Both Piaget and Kohlberg believed in _______ development, which moves from a lower to a higher stage.

Back 22

sequential

Front 23

Freud and Erikson could be classified as ______.

Back 23

maturatonists

Front 24

John Bowlby's name is most closely associated with

Back 24

bonding and attachment

Front 25

In which Eriksonian stage does the mid-life crisis occur?

Back 25

generativity/stagnation (7)

Front 26

The researcher who is known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is

Back 26

Harry Harlow

Front 27

The statement, "Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations" is true according to research by

Back 27

Maccoby and Jacklin

Front 28

The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is

Back 28

intimacy/isolation 23-34 yrs.

Front 29

In Harry Harlow's experiments with baby monkeys the baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry cloth mother surrogate than a wire surrogate mother. What did Harlow call this?

Back 29

contact comfort

Front 30

What are Freud's psychosexual stages?

Back 30

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Front 31

_____ is one of the top ten causes of death.

Back 31

suicide

Front 32

Suicide rates tend to increase or decrease with age?

Back 32

increase

Front 33

The fear of death is greatest during

Back 33

middle age

Front 34

In Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor

Back 34

which evolves primarily during the oral age.

Front 35

When comparing girls to boys, it could be noted that

Back 35

girls grow up to smile more, girls are using more feeling words by age two, and girls are better able to read people without verbal cues at any age.

Front 36

The Freudian developmental stage which "least" emphasizes sexuality is

Back 36

latency

Front 37

In terms of parenting young children are boys punished more or less than girls?

Back 37

more

Front 38

When developmental theorists speak of nature or nurture they really mean

Back 38

how much heredity or environment interact to influence development

Front 39

Stage theorists assume

Back 39

qualitative changes between stages occur.

Front 40

Development is

Back 40

a continuous process which begins at conception

Front 41

Heredity assumes

Back 41

the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, heredity characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes, genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code.

Front 42

Piaget's final stage is known as the formal operational stage. In this stage ____ thinking emerges and problems can be solved using ______.

Back 42

abstract and deduction

Front 43

Kohlberg lists____ stages of moral development which fall into ______ levels.

Back 43

6, 3

Front 44

A person who lives by his or her individual conscience and universal ethical principles has, according to Kohlberg, reached the what stage of moral development?

Back 44

postconventional level of self-accepted moral principles. (highest level)

Front 45

Freudian. Ocurrs during the phallic stage in which the child has fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite-sex parent.

Back 45

Oedipus Complex

Front 46

In girls the Oedipus Complex may be referred to as

Back 46

The Electra Complex

Front 47

Gibson researched the matter of depth perception in children by utilizing

Back 47

a visual cliff

Front 48

Theorists who believe that development merely consists of quantitative changes are referred to as

Back 48

empericists

Front 49

An empiricist view of development would be

Back 49

behavioristic

Front 50

A theorist who views developmental changes as quantitative is said to be an empiricist. The anithesis of this position holds that developmental strides are qualitative. What is the name given to this position?

Back 50

organicism

Front 51

In Piaget's developmental theory, reflexes play the greatest role in the

Back 51

sensorimotor stage

Front 52

A mother hides a toy behind her back and a young child does not believe toy exists anymore. The child has not mastered

Back 52

object permanence
representational thought

Front 53

The schema of permanency and constancy of objects occurs in

Back 53

sensorimotor stage-birth to 2 yrs.

Front 54

John Bowlby has asserted that

Back 54

conduct disorders and other forms of psychopathology can result from inadequate attachment and bonding in early childhood

Front 55

According to Freudians, if a child is severly traumitized, he may ______ a given psychosexual stage.

Back 55

become fixated at

Front 56

A counselor who utilizes the term "instinctual" technically means

Back 56

behavior that manifests itself in all normal members of a given species

Front 57

The word "ethology" which is often associated with the work of Konrad Lorenz, refers to

Back 57

the study of animals' behavior in their natural environment

Front 58

A child who focuses exclusively on a clown's red nose but ignores his other features would be illustrating the Piagetian concept of

Back 58

centration

Front 59

Piaget felt

Back 59

teachers should lecture less, as children in concrete operations learn best via their own actions and experimentation

Front 60

Piaget's preoperational stage includes the acquisition of ____ _______

Back 60

symbolic schema

Front 61

Freud and Erikson agreed that

Back 61

each developmental stage needed to be resolved before an individual could move on to the next stage

Front 62

The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment, best describes the work of

Back 62

Bowlby

Front 63

A counselor who is seeing a 15 year old boy who is not doing well in public speaking class would need to keep in mind

Back 63

In general, girls possess better verbal skills than boys. Boys possess better visual perceptual skills and are more active and aggressive than girls

Front 64

Two brothers begin screaming at each other during a famiy counseling session. The term that best describes the phenomenon is

Back 64

sibling rivalry

Front 65

A preschool child's concept of causality is said to be animistic. This means the child attributes human characterisitcs to inanimate objects. Thus, the child may fantasize that an automobile or a rock is talking to him. This concept is related to

Back 65

Piaget's preoperational period, age 2 to 7 yrs

Front 66

Erikson's thoughts on personality development have influenced counselors more than any other neo-Freudian. His concept of ego iedentity refers to

Back 66

the ego striving to produce a unique, autonoumous self and his belief that the ego is not content with the mere assimilation of parental values.

Front 67

An individual is told the Heinz story and responds with, "If I stole the drug, I'd lose respect for myself, as I would not be living up to my own standards of honesty." According to Kohlberg what level would this individual be functioning at.

Back 67

Postconventional (highest level)

Front 68

Erikson's middle age stage (ages 35-60) is known as Generativity versus Stagnation. Generativity refers to

Back 68

the ability to do creative work or raise a family, the opposite of stagnation, and the productive ability to create a career, family, and leisure time

Front 69

A person who can look back on his life with few regrets feels ego-integrity in which Erikson stage?

Back 69

Integrity versus despair

Front 70

Sensorimotor is to Piaget as Oral is to Freud, and as ______ is to Erikson.

Back 70

Trust versus Mistrust

Front 71

What theorist was most concerned with maternal deprivation?

Back 71

H. Harlow

Front 72

When development comes to a halt, counselors say that the client suffers from _____.

Back 72

fixation

Front 73

Kohlberg proposed three levels of morality. Freud, on the other hand, felt morality developed from the ____.

Back 73

superego