Human Geography Ch. 1

Front 1

Human Geography

Back 1

focuses on how people make places, how we organize space and society, how we interact with each other in places and across space, and how we make sense of others and ourselves in localities, regions, and the world.

Front 2

Globalization

Back 2

A set of processes that are increasing interactions, deepening relationships, and heightening interdependence without regard to country borders

Front 3

Spatial Distribution

Back 3

Physical location of geographic phenomena across space.

Front 4

Spatial Perspective

Back 4

Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space.

Front 5

Spatial Interaction

Back 5

Movement between places.

Front 6

Five Themes of Geography

Back 6

location, human environment, region, place, movement.

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Landscape

Back 7

the material character of a place.

Front 8

Cultural Landscape

Back 8

the visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.

Front 9

Cartography

Back 9

the art and science of making maps.

Front 10

Reference Maps

Back 10

shoe locations of places and geographic features.

Front 11

Thematic Maps

Back 11

tell stories

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Absolute Location

Back 12

an accurate position of something on a reference map.

Front 13

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Back 13

allows us to locate things on the surface of the earth with extraordinary accuracy.

Front 14

Relative Location

Back 14

Describes a place in relation to other human and physical features.

Front 15

Mental Maps

Back 15

Maps in our minds of places we have been to and places we have merely heard of.

Front 16

Generalized Map

Back 16

A map of world precipitation received around the world annually.

Front 17

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Back 17

Compares a variety of spacial data by creating digitized representations of the environment, combining layers of spacial data, and creating maps in which patterns and processes are super imposed.

Front 18

Culture

Back 18

Locations, decisions, patterns, and landscapes are fundamentally influenced by cultural attitudes and practices.

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Culture Complex

Back 19

More than one culture exhibiting a particular culture trait, but each will consist of a discrete combination of traits.

Front 20

Cultural Hearth

Back 20

An area where cultural traits develop and from which the cultural traits diffuse.

Front 21

Independent Invention

Back 21

Hearths that developed independent of each other

Front 22

Cultural diffusion

Back 22

The process of dissipation, the spread of and idea or innovation from its hearth to other places.

Front 23

Time Distance Decay

Back 23

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.

Front 24

Cultural Barriers

Back 24

Certain innovation, ideas, or practices are not acceptable or adoptable in particular cultures because of prevailing attitudes or even taboos.

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Expansion Diffusion

Back 25

An innovation or idea that develops in a hearth and remains stung there while also spreading outward.

Front 26

Contagious Diffusion

Back 26

A form of expansion diffusion in which nearly still adjacent individuals and places are affected.

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Hierarchical Diffusion

Back 27

A pattern in which the main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to what is being diffused.

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Stimulus Diffusion

Back 28

Not all ideas can be read and directly adopted by a receiving population.

Front 29

Relocation Diffusion

Back 29

Involves the actual movement of individuals who have already adopted the idea or innovation, and who carry it to new, perhaps distant, locale, where they precede to disseminate it.

Front 30

Environmental Determinism

Back 30

Human Behavior , individually and collectively, is strongly affected by- even controlled or determined by- the physical environment.