Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Puberty
|
Becoming sexually mature - changes in hormones (testosterone, leptin, estrodial)
Onset: Boys 10-11; girls 9-10 (menarche) |
|
|
Secular trend
|
Trend across many generations:
Puberty starting earlier Explanations --i. Higherstandard of living/better nutrition --ii. Overweight(% body fat) --iii. Presenceof father (pheromones) |
|
|
Pubertal Maturational Timing (Early/Late)
|
Individual’s status relative to other adolescents
On-time/Off-time (in sync w/age mates) Boys: Early - popular, high self esteem, leadership, attractive, hostility, drugs Late - Childish, less popular, more initiative, earn more money Girls: Early - high risk cancer, obesity, depression, anxiety Late - positive body image, mature, school achievement
|
|
|
Adolescent Brain
|
Brain - growth in prefrontal cortex
Amygdala (emotions) reaches maturity Corpus Callosum (processing information/executive functioning) *a car with no brakes* |
|
|
Sleep Needs
|
Melatonin - ceases control of your brain
Adolescents release later and stay up later Average sleep less than 8 hours...needed 9 1/2 |
|
|
Adolescent Mind
|
1. Formal Operational Stage (Piaget) - abstract thought
2. Elkind: Immature thought - idealism & criticalness - Argumentativeness - Indecisiveness -Apparent Hypocrisy *Return of egocentrism *Imaginary Audience *Personal Fable |
|
|
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence –Erikson
|
Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18)
Series of basic commitments/what is your role in society (occupation, values, sexual orientation) |
|
|
Marcia's Identity Status: 4 Types
|
Crisis - exploration
Commitment - making a choice, acting on it 1. Identity Diffusion: No thought, no interest 2. Identity Foreclosure: Making a decision without background work, made for you 3. Identity Moratorium: Careers identity but unable to commit 4. Identity Achievement: Making a choice |
|
|
Relationships
|
Friendship - Fictive Kin (treated as family)
Behavioral Control - Regulations vs Restrictions Monitoring/knowing Information Management - why not to share w/parents - lying, avoidance, partial disclosure |
|
|
Social Domain Theory
|
Morals: Intrinsic, obligatory, universal
Conventions: Extrinsic, arbitrary, contingent |
|
|
Alcohol Consumption
|
consequences of alcohol consumption
1. 5000 deaths per year under 21 2. Damages developing brain 3. Altered academic/vocational trajectories 4. Physical aggression 5. Unwanted/unintended sexual activity |
|
|
Juvenile Delinquency
|
Higher among minorities and low SES youth
Heredity/Family (low parental awareness, consistent discipline, family strife) "ways of life" |
|
|
Sexual Behavior/ STI
|
Average age of first intercourse (f - 17, m - 16)
90% have had sex by age 22 Factors - early puberty, poverty, sexual abuse, neglect, cultural norms Herpes & HPV highest |
|
|
Sources of Sexual Orientation
|
Sexual orientation (hetero,homo,bi) many factors: Genetic, hormonal, cognitive (brain symmetry, environmental)
|
|
|
Depression
|
4-8% Adolescents have clinical level depression
Symptoms not always sadness -irritability, boredom, anhedonia -more in females Suicide - 3rd leading cause of death among 10-19 y.o. |
|
|
Emerging Adulthood
|
Healthy (95%) - Accidents leading cause of death
Health Risks - obesity, tobacco, drugs Not enough sleep - impaired attention, impaired memory, depression, decreased optimisms, decreased libido, skin aging, higher risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes |
|
|
Sexual Activity |
Athletic skills peak 20 & 35 - decline gradually
40% of americans inactive College years - sexually active and unmarried Males more sexual partners causal sex |
|
|
Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood
|
Piaget thought adolescents and y.a think the same way - formal operational, abstract logic
|
|
|
Highschool - college
|
Larger more impersonal school structure; more diverse
Thinking progresses rigidity-relativism-freely chosen commitments |
|
|
5 Factor (Big Five) OCEAN
|
Openness to experience - willingness to try
Conscientiousness - Awareness of others Extraversion - Sociable Agreeableness - trusting, cooperative Neuroticism - emotional instability |
|
|
John Holland & Erikson's Normative Stage Model
|
Match between work & personality type
Career aptitude tests Personal commitments to others or isolation, self absorption |
|
|
Friendships
|
In childhood - many friends, very shallow
In adolescence - fewer, but closer friends In adulthood - # drops, neighbors, coworkers, other parents |
|
|
Intimate Relationships
|
2 factors: Love & Attachment
Sternberg - 3 components of Love (triangular theory) Intimacy, passion, commitment (romantic, fatuous, companionate, consummate) Selecting a Mate - Physical proximity, similar traits, gender differences, trust |
|
|
Adult Attachment : Secure
|
Positive Self + Positive Other *Secure childhood attachment
Comfortable with intimacy and autonomy |
|
|
Adult Attachment : Pre-occupied
|
Positive Partner + Negative Self *Ambivalent childhood attachment
preoccupied with relationships (stalkerish) |
|
|
Adult Attachment: Dismissive
|
Negative Partner + Positive Self *Avoidant childhood attachment
Dismissing of intimacy, strongly independent |
|
|
Adult Attachment : Fearful
|
Negative Partner + Negative Self *Avoidant
Fearful of intimacy - socially avoidant |
|
|
Benefits of Marriage
|
Better for men - happier & healthier
Women - dependent on quality of marriage Women initiate 60% of divorces |
|
|
Trends in having children
|
Fewer couples having children (70%) - careers
Delay first child (25.2) Smaller #s |
|
|
Divorce Rates
|
Stabilized since 1980s - 45% (likelihood increases if previously divorced)
8 years and 25 years most common times |
