Human Development Ch. 5

Front 1

nose

Back 1

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

Front 2

nasal septum

Back 2

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

Front 3

paranasal sinuses

Back 3

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

Front 4

pharynx

Back 4

serves as a food and air passageway

Front 5

adenoids

Back 5

lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity

Front 6

tonsils

Back 6

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx

Front 7

larynx

Back 7

location of the vocal cords; air enters from the pharynx

Front 8

epiglottis

Back 8

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

Front 9

trachea

Back 9

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx

Front 10

bronchus

Back 10

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides

Front 11

bronchioles

Back 11

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

Front 12

alveolus

Back 12

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

Front 13

lungs

Back 13

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity

Front 14

pleura

Back 14

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small space between, called the pleural cavity which contains serous fluid

Front 15

diaphragm

Back 15

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out

Front 16

mediastinum

Back 16

space between the lungs

Front 17

adenoid/o

Back 17

adenoids

Front 18

alveol/o

Back 18

alvelolus

Front 19

bronchi/o, bronch/o

Back 19

bronchus

Front 20

diaphragmat/o, phren/o

Back 20

diaphragm

Front 21

epiglott/o

Back 21

epiglottis

Front 22

laryng/o

Back 22

larynx

Front 23

lob/o

Back 23

lobe

Front 24

nas/o,rhin/o

Back 24

nose

Front 25

pharyng/o

Back 25

pharynx

Front 26

pleur/o

Back 26

pleura

Front 27

pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o

Back 27

lung, air

Front 28

pulmon/o

Back 28

lung

Front 29

sept/o

Back 29

septum

Front 30

sinus/o

Back 30

sinus

Front 31

thorac/o

Back 31

thorax, chest, chest cavity

Front 32

tonsill/o

Back 32

tonsil

Front 33

trache/o

Back 33

trachea

Front 34

atel/o

Back 34

imperfect/incomplete

Front 35

capn/o

Back 35

carbon dioxide

Front 36

hem/o, hemat/o

Back 36

blood

Front 37

muc/o

Back 37

mucus

Front 38

orth/o

Back 38

straight

Front 39

ox/i

Back 39

oxygen

Front 40

phon/o

Back 40

sound, voice

Front 41

py/o

Back 41

pus

Front 42

radi/o

Back 42

x-rays, ionizing radiation

Front 43

somn/o

Back 43

sleep

Front 44

son/o

Back 44

sound

Front 45

spir/o

Back 45

breathe, breathing

Front 46

tom/o

Back 46

to cut, section, or slice

Front 47

a-, an-

Back 47

absence of, without

Front 48

endo-

Back 48

withing

Front 49

eu-

Back 49

normal, good

Front 50

poly

Back 50

many, much

Front 51

tachy-

Back 51

fast, rapid

Front 52

-algia

Back 52

pain

Front 53

-ar, -ary, -eal

Back 53

pertaining to

Front 54

-cele

Back 54

hernia or protrusion

Front 55

-centesis

Back 55

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid

Front 56

-ectasis

Back 56

stretching out, dilation, expansion

Front 57

-emia

Back 57

in the blood

Front 58

-gram

Back 58

record, radiographic image

Front 59

-graph

Back 59

instrument used to record; record

Front 60

-graphy

Back 60

process of recording, radiographic imaging

Front 61

-meter

Back 61

instrument used to measure

Front 62

-metry

Back 62

measurement

Front 63

-pexy

Back 63

surgical fixation, suspension

Front 64

-pnea

Back 64

breathing

Front 65

-rrhagia

Back 65

rapid flow of blood

Front 66

-scope

Back 66

instrument used for visual examination

Front 67

-scopic

Back 67

pertaining to visual examination

Front 68

-scopy

Back 68

visual examination

Front 69

-spasm

Back 69

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

Front 70

-stenosis

Back 70

constriction or narrowing

Front 71

-stomy

Back 71

creation of an artificial opening

Front 72

-thorax

Back 72

chest, chest cavity

Front 73

-tomy

Back 73

cut into, incision

Front 74

adenoiditis

Back 74

inflammation of the adenoids

Front 75

alveolitis

Back 75

inflammation of the alveoli

Front 76

atelectasis

Back 76

incomplete expansion

Front 77

bronchiectasis

Back 77

dilation of the bronchi

Front 78

bronchitis

Back 78

inflammation of the bronchi

Front 79

bronchogenic carcinoma

Back 79

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus

Front 80

bronchopneumonia

Back 80

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs

Front 81

diaphragmatocele

Back 81

hernia of the diaphragm

Front 82

epiglottitis

Back 82

inflammation of the epiglottis

Front 83

hemothorax

Back 83

blood in the chest cavity

Front 84

laryngitis

Back 84

inflammation of the larynx

Front 85

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

Back 85

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Front 86

lobar pneumonia

Back 86

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lung

Front 87

nasopharyngitis

Back 87

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

Front 88

pharyngitis

Back 88

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 89

peluritis

Back 89

inflammation of the pleura

Front 90

pneumatocele

Back 90

hernia of the lung

Front 91

pnemonoconiosis

Back 91

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

Front 92

pneumonia

Back 92

diseased state of the lung (infection and inflammation caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi)

Front 93

pneumonitis

Back 93

inflammation of the lung

Front 94

pneumothorax

Back 94

air in the chest cavity, which causes collapse of the lung

Front 95

pulmonary neoplasm

Back 95

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth (tumor)

Front 96

pyothorax

Back 96

air in the chest cavity, which causes collapse of the lung

Front 97

rhinitis

Back 97

inflammation of the nose (mucous membranes)

Front 98

rhinomycosis

Back 98

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

Front 99

rhinorrhagia

Back 99

rapid flow of blood from the nose

Front 100

sinusitis

Back 100

inflammation of the sinuses

Front 101

thoracalgia

Back 101

pain in the chest

Front 102

tonsillitis

Back 102

inflammation of the tonsils

Front 103

tracheitis

Back 103

inflammation of the trachea

Front 104

tracheostenosis

Back 104

narrowing of the trachea

Front 105

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 105

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury

Front 106

asthma

Back 106

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

Front 107

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 107

a progressive lung disease restricting air flow, which makes breathing difficult.

Front 108

coccidiodomycosis

Back 108

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body

Front 109

cor pulmonade

Back 109

serious cardia disease associated with chronic lung disorders

Front 110

croup

Back 110

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor

Front 111

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Back 111

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

Front 112

deviated septum

Back 112

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

Front 113

emphysema

Back 113

stretching of lung tissue caused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity and the body does not receive enough oxygen

Front 114

epistaxis

Back 114

nosebleed

Front 115

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

Back 115

chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs

Front 116

influenza

Back 116

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

Front 117

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Back 117

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absence of breathing

Front 118

pertussis

Back 118

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop

Front 119

pleural effusion

Back 119

fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma

Front 120

pulmonary edema

Back 120

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

Front 121

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Back 121

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number

Front 122

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 122

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs

Front 123

upper respiratory infection (URI)

Back 123

infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx

Front 124

adenoidectomy

Back 124

excision of the adenoids

Front 125

adenotome

Back 125

instrument used to cut the adenoids

Front 126

bronchoplasty

Back 126

surgical repair of a bronchus

Front 127

laryngectomy

Back 127

excision of the larynx

Front 128

laryngoplasty

Back 128

surgical repair of the larynx

Front 129

laryngostomy

Back 129

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

Front 130

laryngotracheotomy

Back 130

incision of the larynx and trachea

Front 131

lobectomy

Back 131

excision of a lobe of the lung

Front 132

pleuropexy

Back 132

surgical fixation of the pleura

Front 133

pneumonectomy

Back 133

excision of a lung

Front 134

rinoplasty

Back 134

surgical repair of the nose

Front 135

septoplasty

Back 135

surgical repair of the nasal septum

Front 136

septotomy

Back 136

incision of the nasal septum

Front 137

sinusotomy

Back 137

incision into a sinus

Front 138

thoraceocentesis

Back 138

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity

Front 139

thoracotomy

Back 139

incision into the chest cavity

Front 140

tonsillectomy

Back 140

excision of the tonsils

Front 141

tracheoplasty

Back 141

surgical repair of the trachea

Front 142

tracheostomy

Back 142

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

Front 143

tracheotomy

Back 143

incision into the trachea

Front 144

Radiography (X-Ray)

Back 144

produces images of internal organs using ionizing radiation produced by an energy source (image is called a radiograph)

Front 145

Computed tomography (CT)

Back 145

produces computerized radiographic images (scan) using a complex computer and imaging system to produce a series of sectional images of body organs or segments

Front 146

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 146

produces images by exposing the body to high strength, computer-controlled magnetic fields

Front 147

Nuclear medicine (NM)

Back 147

produces images by administering radioactive material often combined with other materials to cause it to be delivered to the body part of interest

Front 148

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Back 148

a NM technique that yields 3D computer constructed images; capable of showing blood flow through an organ and blood-deprived areas of the brain and heart

Front 149

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Back 149

a relatively new NM procedure; positron-emitting radioactive material is injected into the body and picked up by a ring of detectors positioned around the body

Front 150

Sonography

Back 150

ultrasound; produces scans using high frequency sound waves

Front 151

Endoscopy

Back 151

a general term for direct observation examination of a hollow body organ or cavity using a tubular instrument with a light source and a viewing lens called an endoscope

Front 152

hematology studies

Back 152

relate to the physical properties of blood such as the umber of blood cells in the specimen or the clotting and bleeding factors

Front 153

chemistry studies

Back 153

relate to the chemical reactions that occur in the human body and are usually performed on blood or urine specimens

Front 154

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test

Back 154

a blood test used to measure kidney function

Front 155

urine glucose

Back 155

a test performed on a urine specimen and is used to determine the amount of glucose in the urine

Front 156

microbiology studies

Back 156

identifies the microorganisms that cause disease and infection

Front 157

culture and sensitivity

Back 157

a common study performed on almost any specimen; a specimen is grown on a medium and if any pathogenic microorganism grows, it is tested for antibiotic sensitivity

Front 158

urine studies

Back 158

performed on urine specimens to diagnose and monitor urinary tract disease

Front 159

urinalaysis

Back 159

the study of urine for color, clarity, degree of acidity or alkalinity, specific gravity, protein, glucose, leukocytes, and bilirubin

Front 160

bronchoscope

Back 160

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

Front 161

bronchoscopy

Back 161

visual examination of the bronchi

Front 162

endoscope

Back 162

instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity

Front 163

endoscopic

Back 163

pertaining to visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity

Front 164

endoscopy

Back 164

visual examination within a hollow organ or body cavity

Front 165

laryngoscope

Back 165

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

Front 166

laryngoscopy

Back 166

visual examination of the larynx

Front 167

radiograph

Back 167

record of x-rays

Front 168

radiography

Back 168

process of recording x-rays

Front 169

sonogram

Back 169

record of sound

Front 170

sonography

Back 170

process of recording sound

Front 171

thoracsope

Back 171

instrument used for visual examination of the chest cavity

Front 172

thorascopy

Back 172

visual examination of the chest cavity

Front 173

tomography

Back 173

process of recording slices

Front 174

capnometer

Back 174

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide levels in expired gas

Front 175

oximeter

Back 175

instrument used to measure oxygen saturation in the blood

Front 176

spirometer

Back 176

instrument used to measure breathing or lung volumes

Front 177

spirometry

Back 177

measurement of breathing or lung volumes

Front 178

polysomnography (PSG)

Back 178

process of recording many tests during sleep

Front 179

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

Back 179

computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion

Front 180

chest radiograph (CXR)

Back 180

radiographic imaging of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs

Front 181

ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)

Back 181

nuclear medicine procedure performed by inhaling a radionuclide and injecting a radionuclide into an artery followed by imaging to show how well the inhaled air is distributed

Front 182

acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

Back 182

test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli

Front 183

sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Back 183

test performed on sputum to determine the presence of a pathogenic bacteria

Front 184

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Back 184

test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH

Front 185

peak flow meter (PFM)

Back 185

portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out of the lung

Front 186

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 186

group of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function

Front 187

pulse oximetry

Back 187

noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

Front 188

auscultation

Back 188

the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope

Front 189

percussion

Back 189

the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of the part beneath the sound obtained

Front 190

PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test

Back 190

test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis

Front 191

stethoscope

Back 191

instrument used to hear internal body sounds

Front 192

acapnia

Back 192

condition of absence of carbon dioxide

Front 193

alveolar

Back 193

pertaining to the alveolus

Front 194

anoxia

Back 194

condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen

Front 195

aphonia

Back 195

condition of absence of voice

Front 196

apnea

Back 196

absence of breathing

Front 197

bronchoalveolar

Back 197

pertaining to the bronchi and the alveoli

Front 198

bronchospasm

Back 198

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

Front 199

diaphragmatic

Back 199

pertaining to the diaphragm

Front 200

dysphonia

Back 200

condition of difficult speaking

Front 201

dyspnea

Back 201

difficult breathing

Front 202

endotracheal

Back 202

pertaining to within the trachea

Front 203

eupnea

Back 203

normal breathing

Front 204

hypercapnia

Back 204

condition of excessive carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 205

hyperpnea

Back 205

excessive breathing

Front 206

hypocapnia

Back 206

condition of deficient carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 207

hypopnea

Back 207

deficient breathing

Front 208

hypoxemia

Back 208

deficient oxygen in the blood

Front 209

hypoxia

Back 209

condition of deficient oxygen to the tissues

Front 210

intrapleural

Back 210

pertaining to within the pleura

Front 211

laryngeal

Back 211

pertaining to the larynx

Front 212

laryngospasm

Back 212

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

Front 213

mucoid

Back 213

resembling mucus

Front 214

mucous

Back 214

pertaining to mucus

Front 215

nasopharyngeal

Back 215

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

Front 216

orthopnea

Back 216

able to breathe easier in a straight position

Front 217

phrenalgia

Back 217

pain in the diaphragm

Front 218

prhenospasm

Back 218

spasm in the diaphragm

Front 219

pulmonary

Back 219

pertaining to the lungs

Front 220

pulmonologist

Back 220

physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

Front 221

pulmonology

Back 221

study of the lung

Front 222

radiologist

Back 222

physician who specializes in the use of x-rays, ultrasound, and magnetic fields in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

Front 223

radiology

Back 223

study of x-rays

Front 224

rhinorrhea

Back 224

discharge from the nose

Front 225

tachypnea

Back 225

rapid breathing

Front 226

thoracic

Back 226

pertaining to the chest

Front 227

airway

Back 227

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed

Front 228

asphyxia

Back 228

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

Front 229

aspirate

Back 229

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

Front 230

bronchoconstrictor

Back 230

agent causing the narrowing of the bronchi

Front 231

bronchodilator

Back 231

agent causing the bronchi to widen

Front 232

crackles

Back 232

discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resemble the sound of the rustling cellophane

Front 233

hyperventilation

Back 233

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

Front 234

hypoventilation

Back 234

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs

Front 235

mucopurulent

Back 235

containing both mucus and pus

Front 236

mucus

Back 236

slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes

Front 237

nebulizer

Back 237

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

Front 238

nocosomial infection

Back 238

an infection acquired during hospitalization

Front 239

paroxysm

Back 239

periodic; sudden attack

Front 240

patent

Back 240

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing the passage of air

Front 241

rhonchi

Back 241

low-pitched, with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways

Front 242

sputum

Back 242

mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

Front 243

stridor

Back 243

harsh, high-pitched breath sound heard on inspiration

Front 244

ventilator

Back 244

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing