Human Development 8

Front 1

newborn characteristics

Back 1

feeding rooting reflex; up to 12 feeds/day
sleeping indeterminate mixed EEG in addition to REM (50%) sleep (compared with adults= 20% REM). 16 hours total sleep/day, but for 50-minute periods. Low-intensity smiles during sleep. bladder/bowel Approx. 12 diaper changes/24 hours
language Synchronization of motion with voice; different vocalizations for pain/hunger/pleasure motor Liftsheadwhileprone;handsmostlyfisted;graspreflex;tonicneckreflex;steppingreflex. social Fix and follow; some response to conditioning.

Front 2

7 weeks baby characteristics

Back 2

Evanescent facial expressions as Brian drifts between sleeping and waking (state transition).

Front 3

2 wks baby characteristics

Back 3

Crying and soothing. Excerpts of Brazelton’s Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (demonstrated by Kennon McKee, Ph.D.): consolability, good suck, self-
organization and state regulation.

Front 4

2 weeks, according to Brazelton's Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale: infant demonstrates various primitive (subcortical) reflexes

Back 4

Moro, toe grasp, clonus, tone, incurvation, crawling, walking (spinal cord reflex), weight-bearing, fencing (ATNR=asymmetric tonic neck reflexes--vestibular), spin; also demonstrating head control.

Front 5

At 10 wks baby demonstrate

Back 5

Mom singing to Sarah, who responds with cooing, smiling, eye contact.

Front 6

3 month baby characteristics
Feeding
Sleeping
Language
Motor
Social

Back 6

eeding is able to swallow pureed solids, no longer needs multiple night feeds.
sleeping longest sleep duration doubles, longest awake duration increases by 1/2 compared to birth. 70% “sleep through the night” (5 hour stretch). mixed EEG pattern gone.
language differentiates tones of voices; responds differentially to caretaker's voice; babbling; responds to singing
motor head up 90 degrees (from prone position), can put hands together, batting. Just beginning to grasp objects and bring to mouth, but no refined grasp yet. Tonic neck reflex gone. 50% roll over from stomach to back. Tracks objects visually.
social Spontaneous smile (responsive smile by 2 months).

Front 7

4mos baby characteristics

Back 7

Tries to pick up round rattle balls, drooling, dad comes home to greet her (surprised to find her in walker); they smile at each other.

Front 8

4 1/2 mos characteristics

Back 8

Gargling conversation with mom, who gargles back.

Front 9

At 4 1/2 mos baby starts showing early sranger anxiety e.g

Back 9

Older child brings Sarah his blankie to comfort her. Anxiety reduced from safe distance; when held by dad, is able to smile (although with some apprehension) at stranger. After an hour, anxiety lessened but still breaks through.
#42 5 mos

Front 10

Anxiety develops on a continuum: what is this continuum?

Back 10

first selective attachment, with wariness and sobering on examination of stranger’s face or mismatch in expected behavior, later peaking as full-blown stranger anxiety. It is important for the parents to respect this phase and be available as much as possible.

Front 11

5 mos characteristics

Back 11

In walker, grabs food chopper with blade.

Front 12

6 months
feeding
sleeping
language
motor
social

Back 12

feeding finger foods.
sleeping 86% sleep through the night (at least 5 hour stretches). 2 naps/day.
language Starts nonspecific mamama/dadada. Turns head to respond to voices outside field of vision. Produces one or more vowel sounds.
motor Bearssomeweightonlegs,pushinguponextendedarmsinaproneposition,pullstositwithout head lag, and sits with support. Easily reaches for objects. Should be actively using thumb rather than having it tucked into palm. Rakes Cheerio and gets it to mouth. 100% roll by 5 months. Exploration of objects in environment with eyes, hands, and mouth.
social Laughs (starts at 4 months). Plays peek-a-boo (50%). Stranger anxiety may be beginning.

Front 13

6 mos "Gimme that shoe" game with mom variations on repetition causes laughing interaction. Also shows fine motor (grabbing shoelace), and improved torso control in sitting position. Why is this a funny game to a baby?

Back 13

Humor as a tension crescendo/release;
breaking expectation; basic trust a prerequisite.

Front 14

at 6 mos Dan Stern’s theory

Back 14

baby’s developing an internal
schema/expectation, with subtle variations building on that schema.

Front 15

at 6 1/2 mos Playing peek-a-boo with mom from behind bib.

Back 15

Psychodynamic interpretation of child gaining emotional mastery through
play of parental appearances and departures.

Front 16

7 1/2 mos Moves from sitting position onto

Back 16

stomach, reaches for sun toy and gets it, recovers to sitting position (developing gross motor skills). Moves body rhythmically to “pat-a-cake”, repeats “Yay!” (note imitation), approximates sound of “So big!” (note approximation of language and patterns of conversation). Later, sun toy is just out of her reach and she can’t get to it-- almost crawling but can’t-- “stuck in a snow drift.”

Front 17

at 7 1/2 months there is some frustration with motor limitations followed by

Back 17

accomplishment. The baby’s intention/expectation often precedes a developmental capacity, serving as a motivator for further development.

Front 18

Other characteristics at 7 1/2 months

Back 18

Vocal rhythm coordination (Beebe and Lachmann).
A piece of fruit is a powerful incentive for Sarah to cruise along the couch, scoot/creep on floor, and speak an approximation of the word “plum”.

Front 19

9 months characteristics
sleeping
language
motor
social

Back 19

leeping twice the amount of non-REM compared to REM
language understands simple commands, consistently imitates sounds, can use inflections to indicate question or statement, responds to name.
motor Sitsindependently,standsholdingon,cangettositting,bangstwocubes.Thumb-fingers grasp. Beginning of object permanence: can find hidden object. Transfers object from hand to hand. social Anticipatory emotions appear. Stranger anxiety prominent.

Front 20

9 mos we can notice stranger anxiety e.g

Back 20

anxiety with Grandpa (who lives out of town), but able to resolve it by crawling to mom (attachment figure).

Front 21

at 9 months soon after the development of crawling, a child will recognize

Back 21

large drop-offs in visual cliff experiments,
but looks to parental signals to decide if shallower drop-offs are safe or not

Front 22

At 9 months we can see the use of

Back 22

social referencing (

Front 23

hats an example of social reference at age 9 mos

Back 23

Going up stairs, looking back for approval (or reassurance) after each step.

Front 24

what are the characteristics obsrved in a child at age 9 1/2 months

Back 24

Sarah initiates game of flinging herself backward with dad--”down and up”.

Front 25

at 10 mos we see that baby is able to maintain

Back 25

two agendas simultaneously). Eating finger foods, ejects grape skins after mashing out the juice, pointing game with dad

Front 26

at 10 months Allowing child to eat when hungry and stop eating when full helps the child
to develop

Back 26

awareness and responsiveness to internal signals of hunger and
satiety, and may help prevent eating disorders.

Front 27

at 10 mos theres an increased in

Back 27

otor skills allow her to express opinions and make more
independent choices.

Front 28

10 1/2 months characteristics

Back 28

Social communication, aggression, frustration, competition, negotiation,
conflict resolution between infants, difference in temperament between two
children.

Front 29

11 and 1/2 characteristics

Back 29

Mom tells Sarah “no” when reaching for paper--she stops and gives what appears to be a very nervous grin (“cat caught swallowing the canary” look).

Front 30

1 year
sleeping
language
motor
social

Back 30

sleeping Changes in nap schedule. (15% down to single nap.) 50% have 14hrs/d total sleep. Down to 35% REM.
language 2/3 have said first word, beginning mama/dada specific.
motor Crawlsonhandsandknees(“creeping”).Maybeginwalking.Neatpincergrasp.Canrelease cube in cup. Begins creeping upstairs. 50% drink from cup. Finger feeds well. Most can pull self to stand and lower self to sit.
social Is able to indicate wants without crying, using pointing or verbalization. Separation anxiety.