Human Body Chapter 2 Basic Chemistry

Front 1

a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means

Back 1

element

Front 2

smallest unit of an element that has that element's characteristics

Back 2

atom

Front 3

anything that occupies space and has weight

Back 3

matter

Front 4

symbol for iron

Back 4

Fe

Front 5

composed of three particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons

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atom

Front 6

exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas

Back 6

matter

Front 7

the study of matter

Back 7

chemistry

Front 8

symbol for oxygen

Back 8

O

Front 9

symbol for sodium

Back 9

Na

Front 10

symbol for nitrogen

Back 10

N

Front 11

symbol for potassium

Back 11

K

Front 12

symbol for hydrogen

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H

Front 13

symbol for calcium

Back 13

Ca

Front 14

symbol for chloride

Back 14

Cl

Front 15

four elements that make up 96% of the body weight

Back 15

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Front 16

number of protons in the nucleus

Back 16

neutron

Front 17

sum of the protons and the neutrons

Back 17

atomic mass

Front 18

carries a negative charge and circulates in orbit around the nucleus

Back 18

electrons

Front 19

carries a positive charge and is located within the nucleus

Back 19

protons

Front 20

has a neutral charge and is located within the nucleus

Back 20

neutron

Front 21

in each atom, the number of these is equal to the number of protons

Back 21

electrons

Front 22

different form of the same element (same atomic number but a different atomic mass); an example of "heavy hydrogen"

Back 22

isotope

Front 23

unstable isotope

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radioisotope

Front 24

spontaneous decay of a radioisotope

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radioactivity

Front 25

the atomic number is determined by the number of

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protons

Front 26

type of bond formed when electrons are shared by atoms

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covalent bond

Front 27

type of bond that forms between water molecules

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hydrogen bond

Front 28

type of bond between sodium and chloride in table salt, NaCl

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ionic bond

Front 29

intermolecular bond

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hydrogen bond

Front 30

type of bond usually formed when carbon interacts with another atom

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ionic bond

Front 31

atom that carries an electrical charge

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ion

Front 32

sodium ion

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cation

Front 33

chloride ion

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anion

Front 34

formed as electrons are lost or gained

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ion

Front 35

positively charged ion

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cation

Front 36

negatively charged ion

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anion

Front 37

ions represented as Na+, K+, and Ca2+

Back 37

cations

Front 38

dissociation/separation of NaCl into Na+ and Cl-

Back 38

ionization

Front 39

substance that can ionize

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electrolyte

Front 40

classification of O2 and N2

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molecules

Front 41

substances that contain molecules formed by two or more different atoms

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compounds

Front 42

classification of H2o, in addition to molecule

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water

Front 43

most abundant compound in the body

Back 43

water

Front 44

molecule that exists in nature as a gas and plays an essential metabolic role in supplying the cells of the body with energy

Back 44

oxygen

Front 45

compound is a waste product that is formed when food is chemically broken down for energy

Back 45

carbon dioxide

Front 46

this molecule is the reason why cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) must be started immediately

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oxygen

Front 47

compound that is considered to be the universal solvent

Back 47

water

Front 48

compound that has the ability to absorb large amounts of heat without itself increasing dramatically in temperature

Back 48

water

Front 49

describes the role of an enzyme that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

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catalyst

Front 50

this cation is important in fluid balance, is the main extracellular cation, and also important for nerve-muscle function

Back 50

sodium (Na+)

Front 51

this cation is a major component of bones and teeth, is important for blood clotting and muscle function

Back 51

calcium (Ca+2)

Front 52

this cation is a component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport)

Back 52

iron (Fe+2)

Front 53

this cation is important in acid-base balance

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hydrogen (H+)

Front 54

this cation is the chief intracellular cation

Back 54

potassium (K+)

Front 55

This anion is the primary extracellular anion

Back 55

chloride (Cl-)

Front 56

this anion is important in acid-base regulation

Back 56

biocarbondate (HCO-3)

Front 57

this anion is a component of bones and teeth, also a component of ATP

Back 57

phosphate

Front 58

when an electrolyte splits, or breaks apart in solution

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dissociate

Front 59

the process of dissociation

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ionization

Front 60

when two or more atoms bond together

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molecule

Front 61

five reasons why water is essential to life

Back 61

water as the universal solvent, temperature regulator, ideal lubricant, protective device, and in chemical reactions

Front 62

molecule we breath

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oxygen (O2)

Front 63

compound that is a waste product and eliminated through the lungs

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carbon dioxide (co2)

Front 64

process whereby the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations

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chemical reaction

Front 65

chemical substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

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catalyst

Front 66

when proteins act as a catalyst

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enzymes

Front 67

an electrolyte that dissociates/separates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and an anion

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acid

Front 68

substances such as OH- that combines with and eliminates H+

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base

Front 69

scale that measures acidity and alkalinity

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pH scale

Front 70

normal pH of the blood

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7.35 to 7.45

Front 71

a person with a pH less than 7.35

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acidiotic

Front 72

a person with a pH higher than 7.35

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alkalotic

Front 73

three systems that regulate blood pH on a minute-by-minute basis

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buffers, respiratory system, and kidneys

Front 74

a substance with a pH between 7 - 14 would be

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basic

Front 75

ability to perform work

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energy

Front 76

six forms of energy

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mechanical, chemical, electrical, radiant, thermal, and nuclear

Front 77

energy that causes movement

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mechanical

Front 78

energy stored in chemical bonds

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chemical

Front 79

energy released from the movement of charged particles

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electrical

Front 80

energy that travels in waves

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radiant

Front 81

energy transferred because of a temperature difference

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thermal

Front 82

energy released during the decay of radioactive substances such as isotopes

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nuclear

Front 83

energy transfer molecule of the human body

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 84

blend of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means

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mixture

Front 85

precipitate

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solid formed during ac chemical reaction

Front 86

particles that are mixed together remain evenly distributed

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solution

Front 87

particles that are relatively large and tend to settle to the bottom unless the mixture is shaken continuously

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suspensions

Front 88

particles that do not dissolve, but they are so small that they remain suspended within the liquid, even when not being shaken

Back 88

colloidal suspension