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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skeletal System |
* Structural Support *Attachment of Soft Tissues *Vital Organ Protection *Mineral Storage *Hematopesis- blood cell production *Triglyceride Storage- yellow bone marrow |
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Bone Cell Types |
*Osteocyte- Mature Bone cell *Osteoblast- Bone Building Cell *Osteoclast- Bone remodeling-Destroy bone and release calcium into blood stream *Calcitonin-hormone found in Thyroid gland -increase bone calcium, decrease blood calcium *Parathyroid hormone- increase blood calcium, decrease bone calcium |
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Nervous System |
*electrically excitable *Sensory function-afferent(sends info to brain), detect ext/int stimuli *Brain(integration center)-inputs and stores info *Motor Response-efferent, brain response to sensory stimuli |
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Nervous System Parts |
*Neuron-communicate from one place to another *Nerve-electrical wiring, follow a specific path *Neuroglia-not electrically excitable, support cells and tissue that keep the neuron functioning *Brain *Spinal Cord *Spinal Nerves-enter and exit spinal cord *Cranial nerves-off of the brain stem *Sensory Receptors |
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Central Nervous System |
-CNS, Brain and Spinal Cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
-PNS, all nerve tissue outside of CNS -classified according to function |
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Somatic Nervous System |
-Aid in voluntary movement of head, torso, upper/lower extremities -Control skeletal muscle *Sensory-relays info from skin, joints, tendons *Motor-sends signals to skeletal muscle |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
-involuntary -Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle -Sympathetic and Parasympathetic: send excititory and inhibitory signals |
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Sympathetic Branch |
-dominates during heightened awareness, danger, stress, sex, -H.R increases -Respiration increases -Adrenaline increases |
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Parasympathetic Branch |
-Body doesn't receive much external stimulation -Relaxed State |
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Entenic Nervous System |
-in direct contact with GI tract -Fine tunes GI Function |
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Cranial Nerves |
I-olfactory Nerve: Afferent, smell II-optic Nerve: Afferent, vision III-Occulomotor Nerve: Efferent, 4/6 eye muscle IV-Trochular: Efferent, 1/6 eye muscles V-Trigerminal: Both, Sensations to face, chewing VI-Abducens: Efferent, 1/6 eye muscles, left/right eye movement VII-Facial nerve: Both, taste to front 2/3 tongue, facial expressions muscles VIII-Vestibulococchlear: Afferent, balance/equilibrium IX-Glossophayaheal-Both, Taste back 1/3 tongue, swallowing X-Vagus: Both, same as IX nerve XI-Accessory: Efferent, neck muscle, traps XII-Hyperglossal: Efferent, tongue |
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Sensory Receptors |
*Chemoreceptor-detects chemical energy in fluid or in the air *Mechanoreceptors-detect mechanical energy *Photoreceptors-rods and cons vision *Thermoreceptors-detect heat energy *Nociereceptors-detect tissue damage |
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Hormone Interactions |
*Opposing/Antagonistic- one hormone does one thing another does the opposite *Synergistic- 2 or more hormones increase hormone effect *Permissive- Target cell effect requires a recent hormone interaction Ex: lactation |
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Hypothalamus |
-Master gland, produces and secretes inhibitory hormones -Control body temp, hunger/thirst, anger, sex -Produces and secrete Oxycontin |
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Posterior Pituitary Gland |
-Produces and secretes Oxycontin and ADH |
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Anterior Pituitary Gland |
-Human Growth Hormone (HGH)- -Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) -Follicle Stim Hormone (FSH): male/female reproductive system -Lutenizing Hormone- females, ovaries, -Prolactine- breast tissue, causes lactation -Adreocorticotrophic- releasing hormone -Pineal Gland-melatonin production -Thyroid Gland- Basal metabolic rate, T3, T4 -Parathyroid gland- increase osteoclast activity -Adrenal gland -Pancreas: dual gland |
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GI Tract |
-Digestive System- break down food, mix and propel food material -Secretion: release of the stuff in digestive system- proteins and nutrients -Digestion- chemical breakdown into smaller pieces, nutrient molecules -Absorption- passing of nutrients into blood.lymph -Elimination |
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Elimnation |
-Begins in Oral Cavity: secretes saliva: breakdown of carbohydrate -Pharynx- throat -Esophagus- smooth muscle, cardiac spincter valve above stomach -Stomach- Gastric pits, stomach lining, breakdown of proteins |
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Small Intestine |
-Max digestion and absorption -Duodenum- Max digestion happens here -Jejunum- Max absorption happens here -Ilcum- limited absorption |
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Large Intestine |
-Colon, H2O absorption -Bulking- squeezing of leftover material, and bulking it together, leftover fibers |
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Liver |
-Detoxifies blood -Cholesterol production for hormone production |
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Gall Bladder |
-located in liver -Bile goes to gall bladder, and goes to bile storage -concentrates bile |
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Pancreas |
-secretes bicarbonate ion -Pancreatic amylase- digest carbohydrates - " " Lipase- digest lipids - " " Protease- digest proteins |
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Circulatory System |
-Blood: Transport O2, CO2, regulate body temp, pH, protection of immune system' |
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Vessels |
-Large Elastic Artery: Possess elastic connective tissue within walls -Medium muscular artery- smaller in diameter, smooth muscle within walls allows them to adjust blood flow -Arterioles: decrease rate of blood flow -Capillary: microscopic blood vessel -Capillary beds: walls are one cell thick(very small), around each cell is a capillary bed, delivers O2 to cells and tissue -venule: at the end of capillary bed, combine to form veins -veins: carry O2 poor blood and transport it to R atrium, no smooth muscle, not able to be adjusted, prevents back flow of blood |
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Blood Pressure |
-Systolic- top number, max pressure on medium muscular artery when left ventricle contracts -Diastolic- bottom number, residue pressure when L ventricle is relaxed and refilling |
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Pulse |
-recoil of artery walls during L ventricle contraction -Trachycardia- 100+ pulse rate (exercise) -Bradycardia- >60 pulse rate (sitting) |
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Waves |
-P wave: atrial depolarization-contractions -QRS complex: ventricle depolarization, -T wave; ventricles are repolarizing, relaxing and refilling, getting ready to contract again |
