Human Axial Skeleton

Front 1

Known as the vertebral column, supports the head and enclosed the spinal cord

Back 1

Spinal Column

Front 2

bones of the vertebral column

Back 2

vertebrae

Front 3

20 individual bones

Back 3

vertebrae

Front 4

spine, ribs and sternum

Back 4

Axial Skeleton

Front 5

Seven vertebrae

Back 5

cervical

Front 6

12 vertebrae

Back 6

thoracic

Front 7

5 vertebrae

Back 7

lumbar

Front 8

5 sacral vertebrae fused together

Back 8

coccyx or tailbone

Front 9

separated by intervertebral discs shock absorption and flexibility is there function.

Back 9

sacrum and coccyx

Front 10

neck portion to the vetebral column

Back 10

cervical vertebrae C1-C7

Front 11

pivots on C2 lack body, allows you to nod head

Back 11

Atlas

Front 12

pivots for rotation, articulates with the occipital condyles (rotation of skull)

Back 12

Axis

Front 13

pivot points for C1-C2 allow your head to rotate

Back 13

Dens or ondontaoiid process

Front 14

round central portion of vertebrae

Back 14

body

Front 15

boney arch, and is a junction of all posterior extions from the vertebral body.

Back 15

vertebral arch

Front 16

opeining enclosed by the body and the vertebral arch allowing the spinal cord to passage.

Back 16

vertebral foramen

Front 17

2 lateral projections form the vertebral arch

Back 17

transverse process

Front 18

single posterior projections form the vertebral arch.

Back 18

spinous process

Front 19

pair of projections lateral to the vertebral foramen that enables adjacent vertebrae to articulate with each other

Back 19

superior and inferior articular process

Front 20

heart shaped with two small articulating (to form a joint) surface or costal demifacets. 12 unfused, relating to the ribs

Back 20

thoracic vertebra

Front 21

block like in shape, short and thick, hatchet shaped spinous process, 5 unfused

Back 21

Lumbar vertebrae L1-L5

Front 22

made up of fibrocartilage and are between vertebrae for shock absorption

Back 22

Intervertebral discs

Front 23

At the bottom, the tail, and articulates with L5.

Back 23

Sacrum

Front 24

results from fusion of 3 to 5 small irregularly shaped vertebra.

Back 24

coccyx

Front 25

compoased of sternum, ribs and thoracic vertebrae, cone shaped

Back 25

the Bony Thorax

Front 26

the center crest piece holding the ribs together

Back 26

body

Front 27

bar of hyaline cartilage aiding the position of ribs (forward) and elasticity of the wall of the thorax

Back 27

costal cartilage

Front 28

seven pairs of ribs connected to the sternum by the costal cartilage

Back 28

true ribs

Front 29

five sets of ribs below the top seven ribs, not attached to the sternum

Back 29

false ribs

Front 30

breastbone, flat, 3 bones fused

Back 30

sternum

Front 31

manubrium, body and xiphoid process

Back 31

bones fused to create the sternum

Front 32

manubrium

Back 32

knot of tie in appearance, articulates the clavicle laterally

Front 33

xiphoid process

Back 33

Pointed cartilage at end of sternum

Front 34

axial skeleton

Back 34

80 longitudinal, bones of skull, vertebral column and rib cage.

Front 35

appendicular skeleton

Back 35

bones at the girdle and limbs (external structure), bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulders and hips.

Front 36

Axial skeleton divided into 3 parts

Back 36

skull, vertebral column, boney thorax

Front 37

skull

Back 37

22 cranial bones and 14 facial bones. Lightweight, gives support and protection.

Front 38

sinuses

Back 38

hollow spaces in the skull

Front 39

joins the bones of the cranium

Back 39

suture

Front 40

4 sutures of the cranium

Back 40

saggital, coronal, squamous, lambdoidal

Front 41

Saggital suture

Back 41

joint between the two parietal bones

Front 42

Coronal suture

Back 42

Joint between frontal bone and parietal bone

Front 43

Squamous Suture

Back 43

joint between the parietal and temporal bones

Front 44

Lambdoidal Suture

Back 44

joint between the parietal bones and occipital bones

Front 45

bones of the cranium

Back 45

8 bones

Front 46

ethmoid

Back 46

bones forms part of the orbit and the floor of cranium (eye cavity)

Front 47

Frontal

Back 47

bones forms the forehead; most of orbital roof and anterior cranial floor, contains sinuses

Front 48

Crista Galli (cock's comb)

Back 48

component of ethmoid cavity, vertical projections to which the dura mater attaches

Front 49

Cribriform plates

Back 49

component fo ethmoid cavity, boney plates lateral to the crista galli-oflactory fibers pass to brain from nasal mucosa.

Front 50

Superior and middle nasal conchae

Back 50

component of the ethmoid cavity, turbinates-coil plates of bone of bones from the ethmoid into the nasal cavity

Front 51

Occipital

Back 51

bones forms the back and base of the cranium, oval shaped

Front 52

foramen magnum

Back 52

opening allow spinal cord to join the brain

Front 53

Occipital condyles

Back 53

protrusion on the occipital bone forming a joint with the 1st cervical vertebra enabling motion of the head and neck.

Front 54

Parietal

Back 54

(2) bones and forms most fo the roof and upper side of the cranium

Front 55

Sphenoid

Back 55

bat-shaped bone forming a plate across the width of skull and forms part of the anterior base of the skull and part of the walls of the orbit.

Front 56

Greater Wing

Back 56

components of sphenoid, forms part of orbits of the eyes

Front 57

Lesser wing

Back 57

components of sphenoid, bat-shaped portions of the sphenoid anterior to sella turcica.

Front 58

Foramen Ovale

Back 58

allows a branch of cranial nerve to pass through, components of sphenoid

Front 59

Sella turcica

Back 59

(Turks' saddle) saddle shaped midline nearly encloses pituitary gland

Front 60

temporal

Back 60

(2) bones forms the sides and base of cranium

Front 61

zygomatic process

Back 61

temporal marking, cheekbones, are bridged together by this process, make up the zygomatic arch and facial muscles

Front 62

mastoid process

Back 62

marking of temporal bones, round projection behind ear, important neck muscles are attached

Front 63

Styloid process

Back 63

marking of temporal bones, needle-like projection underneath the opening to the auditory meatus. Point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of neck

Front 64

canal to eardrum

Back 64

external acoustic meatus

Front 65

opening on posterior side of temporal bones, cranial nerves 7 & 8 pass through

Back 65

internal acoustic meatus

Front 66

Squamous temporalis

Back 66

largest part of temporal bone, flat, plate, were temporal bone and the parietal bone articulate

Front 67

Jugular foramen

Back 67

opening to the medial and styloid porcess which the interal jugular vein and cranial nerves pass

Front 68

Carotid canal

Back 68

opening to medial to the styloid process allows internal carotid artery to enter cranial cavity.

Front 69

facial bones

Back 69

14 bones, muscular attachment with 12 paired

Front 70

Mandible

Back 70

lower jawbone, articulated with temporal bones, free moving joint, form chin

Front 71

Maxillae

Back 71

bones fused in the median suture, form upper jawbone and part of the orbits

Front 72

Palatine

Back 72

pair of bones posterior to palatine process, hard palate and orbit.

Front 73

Zygomatic bones

Back 73

lateral to the maxilla form the cheekbone and part of the lateral orbit

Front 74

Lacrimal bone

Back 74

part of the medial orbit wall contains tear duct passage

Front 75

Nasal bone

Back 75

small rectangular bone, bridge of nose

Front 76

Vomer

Back 76

blade-shaped bone in the median plane of nasal cavity forms nasal septum

Front 77

Inferior Nasal conchae

Back 77

turbinates that increase surface are of muscus and humidify air in the sinus passages.

Front 78

Hyoid bone

Back 78

point of attachment for many tongue and neck muscles, not really a bone

Front 79

Paranasal Sinuses

Back 79

empty cavities mucosa lines containing air, resonance chamber for speech.

Front 80

maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid and frontal sinuses

Back 80

4 paranasal sinuses