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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The two major body cavities
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Ventral body cavity (coelom) and dorsal body cavity
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Body cavities
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appear during embryonic development
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ventral body cavity (coelom)
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Provides protection, allows organ movement; lining prevents friction
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dorsal body cavity
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Cushions and protects the CNS
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Ventral body cavity contains these two cavities
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Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
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Dorsal body cavity contains these two cavities
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Cranial cavity and spinal cavity
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Thoracic cavity
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Surrounded by chest wall and diaphragm
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Abdominopelvic cavity
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Contains the peritoneal cavity
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Cranial cavity
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contains brain
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Spinal cavity
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contains spinal cord
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Thoracic cavity contains what cavities?
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Right pleural cavity, mediastinum, and left pleural cavity
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Abdominopelvic cavity contains what cavities?
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Abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity
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Right pleural cavity
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surrounds right lung
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Mediastinum
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Contains the trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, heart, and major blood vessels
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Left pleural cavity
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Surrounds left lung
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Mediastinum contains what cavity?
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Pericardial cavity
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Pericardial cavity
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Surrounds the heart
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Abdominal cavity
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Contains many digestive glands and organs
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Pelvic cavity
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Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last portion of digestive tract
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Peritoneal
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The serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
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morphology means...
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to change structure
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Anatomy =
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study of structure
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Physiology=
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study of function
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What are gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy?
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Levels of analysis
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If you break down anatomy and physiology, there are
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specializations and subdivisions
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There are specializations and subdivisions...
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within anatomy
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There is an ____________________ between anatomy and physiology
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an intimate relationship
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Gross anatomy
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Large structures so you don't need a microscope
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Structure largely determines _________
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function
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______________ largely determines function
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Structure
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Why is a change in structure of medical/heath-related importance?
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Relevant to pathology
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Organization of the body points to..
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design
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Finish the quote. "There are many wonders in our world, but none is more wondrous than the human body. This textbook is about that ________________________."
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This textbook is about that incomparable structure.
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Levels of structural organization:
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1. Biomolecules
2. Organelles 3. Cells 4. Tissues 5. Organs 6. Organ systems 7. Organism |
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What is the largest organ in the body?
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the skin
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The four main types of biologically relevant macromolecules
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Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids (fats) & nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
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The anatomical position
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1. Body erect
2. Feet parallel 3. Arms slightly extended from sides 4. Palms facing forward |
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What are body cavities for?
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To provide containment and protection for internal organs/structures
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What are the body cavities?
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The dorsal cavity, ventral cavity, and other miscellaneous cavities
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The ventral cavity is divided into...
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two subdivisions by the diaphragm
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Dr. Davis says, "the thoracic cavity contains ________, __________, and some other organs"
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the heart and lungs
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Within the thoracic cavity are the:
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Mediastinum, pericardial cavity (within the mediastinum), and the pleural cavities
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What cavity is the pericardial cavity inside?
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The pericardial cavity is inside the mediastinum cavity
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Where are the pleural cavities?
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To the right and left of the mediastinum
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What MEGA IMPORTANT thing about anatomy did we learn this week?
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"Right" and "left" always refer to the subject's/patient's right or left - not the observer's/your right & left.
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The ventral cavity is divided into two subdivisions by the diaphragm. What are these divisions?
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The thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
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The abdominopelvic (_____) cavity; (organs= __________)
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The abdominopelvic (PERITONEAL) cavity; (organs= VISCERA)
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Abdominal cavity contains what specific organs?
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The stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen
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What are the major body portions/components?
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Axial and appendicular
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Axial:
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Head, neck & trunk (torso) - main axis of the body
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Appendicular:
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Upper and lower limbs (appendages)
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Learn & be able to use these, the most common directional terms.
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1. Superior
2. Inferior 3. Anterior 4. Posterior |
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Two other synonyms of "superior"
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Cranial and cephalad
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Superior (cranial, cephalad):
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Toward the head, upper, above
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Inferior (_________)
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Inferior (caudal)
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Inferior (caudal):
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toward the feet, lower, below
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Anterior (____________)
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Anterior (ventral)
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Anterior (ventral):
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front, in front of, (in humans, anterior is the same as ventral)
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Posterior (________)
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Posterior (dorsal)
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Posterior (dorsal):
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Back, in back of, (in humans, posterior is the same as dorsal)
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Medial
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Toward the midline of a structure
(Remember mediastinum?) |
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Lateral:
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Away from the midline or toward the side of a structure
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Intermediate:
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In-between a medial & lateral position
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Bilateral:
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Paired, right/left structures.
"My eyes are bilateral because I have two of them, but my nose is unilateral." |
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Ipsilateral:
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Same side
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Contralateral:
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Opposite side.
"Contra-" means opposite or against, as in "contradict" |
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Proximal
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Toward or nearest the trunk, or a structure's point of origin
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Distal
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Away from or farthest from the trunk or a structure's point of origin
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Superficial
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Near the body surface
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Deep
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Farther away from the body surface
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What body planes did you learn this week?
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1. Sagittal
2. Transverse 3. Coronal |
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Sagittal:
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Lengthwise plane dividing into right/left sections
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Transverse:
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Horizontal or cross-section
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Coronal:
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Frontal. Lengthwise plane dividing into anterior/posterior sections.
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Which are bigger, organelles or cells?
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Cells are bigger, because organelles live inside them.
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Why is the ankle distal to the knee?
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Because the ankle is farther from the connecting point to the torso than the knee is
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What is another name for caudal?
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Inferior
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What is the opposite of caudal (inferior)?
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The opposite of caudal is cranial (superior or cephalad)
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Why is this course & your study of Human Anatomy (& Physiology) a continuation of the early divine mandate?
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So man gave names to all the animals, and eventually to all of the parts (anatomy) and processes (physiology) of the body.
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What did God give King Solomon?
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A "breadth of understanding"
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King Solomon spoke three thousand Proverbs. Why does this help make him a "liberal arts major"?
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Humanities and literature
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Why was King Solomon into fine arts?
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His songs numbered a thousand & five.
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Since King Solomon taught about birds & animals, reptiles & fish, and also wrote the book of Song of Songs, what two fields of study was he a "major" in?
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Zoology and anatomy
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King Solomon's ___________ of ___________________ gave him a credible ______________/________________ with & to ____________.
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King Solomon's breadth of understanding gave him a credible influence/witness with and to others.
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What field of scientific study does this Bible verse mention? "You created every part of me; you put me together in my mother's womb."
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Developmental biology
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What field of scientific study does this Bible verse mention? "When my bones were being formed, carefully put together in my mother's womb..."
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Anatomy
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What field of scientific study does this Bible verse possibly mention? "The days allotted to me had all been recorded in your book, before any of them ever began."
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Genetic code
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What is a Biblical definition of science taken from this verse? "How precious to me are Your thoughts; how many of them there are!"
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Science: "thinking God's thoughts after Him"
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Why do we know the human body is so valuable to God?
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He put on a human body Himself when He came to live & dwell among us.
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What are the levels of structural organization in the body?
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1. Atoms
2. Biomolecules 3. Organelles 4. Cells 5. Tissues 6. Organs 7. Organ systems 8. Organism |
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What does food equal in A & P?
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Nutrients
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What are the requirements & raw materials (survival needs) for organisms to maintain life- to carry out life processes?
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1. Water
2. Food (Nutrients) 3. Oxygen 4. Appropriate temperature (heat) 5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure |
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What are some other requirements (survival needs) for organisms to maintain life?
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Light and stimulation
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So we know the requirements & raw materials organisms need to maintain life... what's important to remember about these?
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A balance of quality and quantity is needed in these factors
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Why do scientists have the anatomical position?
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As a reference point for directional terms
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What is the anatomical position?
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Body erect
Feet parallel Arms slightly extended from sides Palms facing forward |
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What is another name for the spinal cavity?
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The vertebral cavity
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What divides the ventral cavity into two subdivisions?
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The diaphragm
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what organs does the thoracic cavity contain?
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The heart, lungs, and some other organs
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What cavities are inside the thoracic cavity?
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The mediastinum, the pericardial cavity, and the pleural cavities
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What is the mediastinum and what organs are inside it?
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Mid-portion of the thoracic cavity containing the thymus (an endocrine gland), esophagus, trachea, heart, and heart-related blood vessels
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What's another name for the abdominopelvic cavity?
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The peritoneal cavity
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There are two anatomical descriptions for the abdominopelvic region. What are they?
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You can divide it into nine regions nomenclature or four quadrants nomenclature.
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Why is the abdominopelvic region vulnerable?
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It's not protected by the rib cage.
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Review plates 1-7 on p. 22-29 in your textbook. These are diff from the figures.
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Check. I feel like I did some good work on them.
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Name the body systems used for absorption and excretion:
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Urinary, respiratory, and digestive systems
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What system of the body is for body covering?
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The integumentary system
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What body system(s) is for support and movement?
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Skeletal and muscular systems
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What body system(s) is for transport?
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Lymphatic and cardiovascular system
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What body system(s) is for integration and coordination?
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Nervous and endocrine system
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Major structures of the integumentary system?
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Hair, skin, and nails
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Major structures of the skeletal system?
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Bones and joints
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Major structures of the muscular system?
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Skeletal muscles
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Major structures of the nervous system?
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Brain, sensory receptors, nerves, and the spinal cord
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Major structures of the endocrine system?
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(Working downward through the body)
Pineal gland Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Thymus Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovaries Testes |
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Major structures of the cardiovascular system?
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Heart and blood vessels
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Work on memorizing the figures in your body systems handout
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Marked improvement? Good. Move on.
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Draw the flow chart of major body cavities.
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Almost perfect? Check any part you had issues with.
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