Human Anatomy (Marieb), Ch. 7

Front 1

appendicular skeleton

Back 1

bones of the upper and lower limbs plus pectoral and shoulder girdles

Front 2

axial skeleton

Back 2

bones of the head, neck, and trunk

Front 3

tuberosity

Back 3

large rounded projection, often roughened

Front 4

crest

Back 4

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Front 5

trochanter

Back 5

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only found on the femur)

Front 6

line

Back 6

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Front 7

tubercle

Back 7

small rounded projection or process

Front 8

epicondyle

Back 8

raised area on or above a condyle

Front 9

spine

Back 9

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Front 10

process

Back 10

any bony prominence

Front 11

head

Back 11

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Front 12

facet

Back 12

smoothe, nearly flat articular surface

Front 13

condyle

Back 13

rounded articular projection

Front 14

ramus

Back 14

arm-like bar of bone

Front 15

meatus

Back 15

canal-like passageway

Front 16

sinus

Back 16

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Front 17

fossa

Back 17

shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Front 18

groove

Back 18

furrow

Front 19

fissure

Back 19

narrow, slit-like opening

Front 20

foramen

Back 20

round or oval opening through a bone

Front 21

ligaments

Back 21

connect bones, reinforce most joints

Front 22

cranial bones

Back 22

enclose and protect brain, provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles

also known as cranium

Front 23

cranium

Back 23

encloses and protects brain, provides attachment sites for some head and neck muscles

also known as cranial bones

Front 24

sutures

Back 24

immovable joints between bones

Front 25

coronal suture

Back 25

suture where parietal bones meet frontal bone anteriorly

Front 26

sagittal suture

Back 26

suture where right and left sagittal bones meet superiorly in the midline of the cranium

Front 27

squamous suture

Back 27

suture where a parietal bone meets a temporal bone inferiorly

Front 28

lambdoid suture

Back 28

suture where parietal bones meet occipital bone posteriorly; named for its resemblance to the Greek letter lambda L

Front 29

cranial vault

Back 29

comprised of the superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the skull plus the forehead region

also known as calvaria

Front 30

calvaria

Back 30

comprised of the superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the skull plus the forehead region

also known as cranial vault

Front 31

cranial base

Back 31

inferior part of skull, divided into anterior, middle, and posterior fossae

also known as cranial floor

Front 32

cranial floor

Back 32

inferior part of skull, divided into anterior, middle, and posterior fossae

also known as cranial base

Front 33

cranial cavity

Back 33

what the brain occupies

Front 34

orbits

Back 34

skull cavities that house the eyeballs

Front 35

middle and inner ear cavities

Back 35

cavities carved into the lateral aspects of the cranial base

Front 36

nasal cavity

Back 36

cavity in and posterior to the nose

Front 37

paranasal sinuses

Back 37

air-filled sinuses occurring in several bones around the nasal cavity

Front 38

cranial nerves

Back 38

nerves which conduct impulses to and from the brain; there are 12 pairs

Front 39

eight large bones of the skull

Back 39

2 temporal bones
2 temporal bones
frontal bone
occipital bone
sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone

Front 40

frontal bone

Back 40

bone that forms the forehead and roofs of the orbits

Front 41

superciliary arches

Back 41

brow ridges protruding from skull

Front 42

supraorbital margin

Back 42

superior margin of the orbit (e.g. where the eyebrow is)

Front 43

supraorbital foramen

Back 43

opening that allows the supraorbital artery and nerve through the skull to supply the forehead

Front 44

glabella

Back 44

smooth part of the frontal bone between the supraorbital arches

Front 45

frontonasal suture

Back 45

suture where the frontal bone meets the nasal bones

Front 46

frontal sinuses

Back 46

sinuses contained in the regions of the frontal bone lateral to the glabella

Front 47

anterior cranial fossa

Back 47

fossa which holds the large frontal bones of the brain

Front 48

parietal bones

Back 48

bones of the skull shaped like curved rectangles, making up the bulk of the cranial vault

Front 49

sutural bones

Back 49

small irregular bones that occur within sutures, especially in the lambdoid suture

Front 50

occipital bone

Back 50

bone that makes up the posterior part of the cranium and cranial base; forms walls of the posterior cranial fossa

Front 51

occipitomastoid sutures

Back 51

sutures where the occipital bone articulates with the temporal bones

Front 52

posterior cranial fossa

Back 52

fossa containing the cerebellum

Front 53

foramen magnum

Back 53

literally "large hole"; hole in the base of the occipital bone where the inferior part of the brain connects with the spinal cord

Front 54

occipital condyles

Back 54

condyles which articulate with the first vertebra of the vertebral column to allow the head to nod

Front 55

hypoglossal canal

Back 55

canal that cranial nerve XII runs through; found medial and superior to each occipital condyle

Front 56

basioccipital

Back 56

band of bone joining the sphenoid bone to the occipital bone

Front 57

external occipital protuberance

Back 57

knob in the midline of the occipital bone, found at the junction of the base and posterior wall of the skull

Front 58

external occipital crest

Back 58

crest extending anteriorly from the external occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum

Front 59

ligamentum nuchae

Back 59

an elastic, sheet-shaped ligament that lies in the median plane of the posterior neck and connects the neck vertebrae to the skull

Front 60

superior nuchal lines

Back 60

lines extending laterally from the occipital protuberance; mark the upper limit of the neck

Front 61

inferior nuchal lines

Back 61

lines extending laterally from a point halfway along the occipital crest

Front 62

temporal bones

Back 62

bones lying inferior to the parietal bones, forming the inferolateral region of the skull and parts of the cranial floor

Front 63

four major regions of a temporal bone

Back 63

squamous region
tympanic region
mastoid region
petrous regions

Front 64

squamous region

Back 64

region of temporal bone abutting the squamous suture

Front 65

zygomatic process

Back 65

bar-like process projecting anteriorly from the squamous region of the temporal bone to meet the zygomatic bone of the face

Front 66

zygomatic arch

Back 66

zygomatic process plus zygomatic arch

Front 67

mandibular fossa

Back 67

fossa on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process; part of the temporomandibular joint

Front 68

temporomandibular joint

Back 68

jaw joint; formed of mandible plus mandibular fossa

Front 69

tympanic region

Back 69

region of temporal bone surrounding the external acoustic meatus

Front 70

external acoustic meatus

Back 70

external ear canal; canal through which sound enters the ear

also known as external auditory meatus

Front 71

external auditory meatus

Back 71

external ear canal; canal through which sound enters the ear

also known as external acoustic meatus

Front 72

tympanic membrane

Back 72

eardrum

Front 73

styloid process

Back 73

needle-like process projecting inferiorly from the tympanic region; attachment point for some muscles of the tongue and pharynx and for a ligament that connects the skull to the hyoid bone of the neck

Front 74

mastoid region

Back 74

region of temporal bone on which the mastoid process is found

Front 75

mastoid process

Back 75

process on the temporal bone found just posterior to the ear; anchoring site for some neck muscles

Front 76

stylomastoid foramen

Back 76

foramen located between the styloid and mastoid processes; cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, leaves the skull through this foramen

Front 77

mastoid air cells

Back 77

air-filled sinuses occurring in the mastoid process; these lie just posterior to the middle ear

Front 78

petrous region

Back 78

region of temporal bone projecting medially and contributing to the cranial base; looks from within the cranial cavity like a mountain ridge; divides posterior from middle cranial fossae

Front 79

jugular foramen

Back 79

large foramen located where the petrous region joins the occipital head; used by largest vein of the head, internal jugular vein, and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI

Front 80

carotid canal

Back 80

canal that opens in the petrous region on the skull's inferior aspect just anterior to the jugular foramen; transmits the internal carotid artery (the main artery to the brain) into the cranial cavity

Front 81

foramen lacerum

Back 81

jagged opening between the medial tip of the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid bone

Front 82

internal acoustic meatus

Back 82

meatus in the cranial cavity on the posterior face of the petrous region; transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII

also known as internal auditory meatus

Front 83

internal auditory meatus

Back 83

meatus in the cranial cavity on the posterior face of the petrous region; transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII

also known as internal acoustic meatus

Front 84

spenoid bone

Back 84

bat-shaped bone located posterior to the nose; articulates with nearly every other bone of the skull

Front 85

parts of the sphenoid bone

Back 85

greater wings
lesser wings
pterygoid processes

Front 86

sella turcica

Back 86

literally "Turkish saddle"; saddle-shaped prominence found on the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone

Front 87

hypophyseal fossa

Back 87

fossa holding the pituitary gland, or hypophysis; fossa lies in the seat of the sella turcica

Front 88

sphenoid sinuses

Back 88

two sinuses found within the sphenoid body

Front 89

greater wings

Back 89

processes projecting laterally from the sphenoid body, forming parts of the middle cranial fossa and the orbit

Front 90

lesser wings

Back 90

horn-shaped processes projecting laterally from the sphenoid body, forming part of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and the orbit

Front 91

pterygoid processes

Back 91

processes projecting inferiorly from the greater wings of the sphenoid bone; attachment sites for the pterygoid muscles that help close the jaw in chewing

Front 92

optic foramen

Back 92

foramen lying just anterior to the sella turcica; cranial nerve II passes through it from the orbit into the cranial cavity

Front 93

important openings of the sphenoid bone

Back 93

optic foramen
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum

Front 94

superior orbital fissure

Back 94

long slit between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone