Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anatomy
|
the study of the structure of the human body
|
|
morphology
|
the science of form
|
|
physiology
|
the study of body function
|
|
functional anatomy
|
an approach that combines description of the anatomy of a body part with an explanation of its function
|
|
gross anatomy
|
the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye
|
|
dissection
|
cutting apart
|
|
regional anatomy
|
examines all structures in a single body region as a group
|
|
systemic anatomy
|
examines all structures with related functions as a group
|
|
surface anatomy
|
the study of shapes and markings ("landmarks") on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs
|
|
microscopic anatomy
|
the study of structures so small they can only be seen with a microscope
|
|
histology
|
tissue study
|
|
developmental anatomy
|
tracing the structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span and the effects of aging
|
|
embryology
|
the study of how body structures form and develop before birth
|
|
pathological anatomy
|
structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs caused by disease
|
|
radiographic anatomy
|
the study of internal body structures by means of X rays and other forms of radiation
|
|
functional morphology
|
the study of the functional properties of body structures and the assessment of the efficiency of their design
|
|
hierarchy of structural organization
|
1) Chemical level = atoms
2) Cellular level = cells & cellular organelles 3) Tissue level 4) Organ level 5) Organ system level 6) Organismal level |
|
metric system
|
system of measurement used in anatomy
|
|
micrometer
|
1 millionth of a meter, or 1 ten-thousandth of a centimeter
Symbol: μm |
|
milliliter
|
1 thousandth of a liter
Symbol: mL |
|
anatomical position
|
position referred to in anatomical terminology: facing forward, standing erect, arms down and slightly out with palms forward
|
|
appendicular region
|
limbs
|
|
axial region
|
head and torso
|
|
trunk region
|
subset of axial region covering the torso
|
|
right, left
|
the right and left of the person or cadaver being viewed
|
|
superior
|
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
|
|
inferior
|
away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body; below
|
|
anterior
|
toward or at the front of the body
|
|
ventral
|
toward or at the belly of a vertebrate animal
|
|
posterior
|
toward or at the back of the body
|
|
dorsal
|
toward or at the back of a vertebrate animal
|
|
medial
|
toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
|
|
lateral
|
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
|
|
intermediate
|
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
|
|
proximal
|
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
|
|
distal
|
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
|
|
superficial
|
toward or at the body surface (also "external")
|
|
external
|
toward or at the body surface (also "superficial")
|
|
deep
|
away from the body surface; more internal
|
|
nasal
|
nose
|
|
oral
|
mouth
|
|
cervical
|
neck
|
|
acromial
|
point of shoulder
|
|
axillary
|
armpit
|
|
abdominal
|
abdomen
|
|
brachial
|
arm
|
|
antecubital
|
front of elbow
|
|
antebrachial
|
front of forearm
|
|
pelvic
|
pelvis
|
|
carpal
|
wrist
|
|
pollex
|
thumb
|
|
palmar
|
palm
|
|
digital
|
fingers and/or toes
|
|
pubic
|
genital region
|
|
patellar
|
anterior knee
|
|
crural
|
leg
|
|
pedal
|
foot
|
|
tarsal
|
ankle
|
|
frontal
|
forehead
|
|
orbital
|
eye
|
|
buccal
|
cheek
|
|
mental
|
chin
|
|
sternal
|
breastbone
|
|
thoracic
|
chest
|
|
mammary
|
breast
|
|
umbilical
|
navel
|
|
coxal
|
hip
|
|
inguinal
|
groin
|
|
femoral
|
thigh
|
|
fibular
|
side of leg, aka peroneal
|
|
peroneal
|
side of leg, aka fibular
|
|
hallux
|
great toe
|
|
cephalic
|
head
|
|
upper extremity
|
arms
|
|
manus
|
hand
|
|
lower extremity
|
legs
|
|
otic
|
ear
|
|
occipital
|
back of head or base of skull
|
|
vertebral
|
spinal column
|
|
scapular
|
shoulder blade
|
|
dorsum or dorsal
|
back
|
|
olecranal
|
back of elbow
|
|
lumbar
|
loin
|
|
sacral
|
between hips
|
|
gluteal
|
buttock
|
|
perineal
|
region between anus and external genitalia
|
|
popliteal
|
back of knee
|
|
sural
|
calf
|
|
calcaneal
|
heel
|
|
plantar
|
sole
|
|
frontal plane
|
lies vertically, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; also called a coronal plane
|
|
coronal plane
|
lies vertically, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts; also called a frontal plane
|
|
transverse plane
|
runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts; also called a horizontal plane
|
|
horizontal plane
|
runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts; also called a transverse plane
|
|
cross section
|
transverse section
|
|
sagittal plane
|
lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts
|
|
midsagittal plane
|
sagittal plane exactly in the midline
|
|
parasagittal plane
|
any sagittal plane other than the midsagittal plane
|
|
oblique section
|
a section that's not frontal, transverse, or sagittal
|
|
section
|
a cut through the body or an organ along a particular plane; a thin slice of tissue prepared for microscopic study
|
|
features of a vertebrate
|
1) Tuebe-within-a-tube body plan
2) Bilateral symmetry 3) Dorsal hollow nerve cord 4) Notochord and vertebrae 5) Segmentation 6) Pharyngeal pouches |
|
notochord
|
a stiffening rod in the back just deep to the spinal cord
|
|
segments
|
repeating units of similar structure that run from the head along the full length of the trunk
|
|
pharynx
|
throat region of the digestive tube
|
|
dorsal body cavity
|
subdivided into cranial cavity & vertebral cavity; hard, bony walls protect the contained organs
|
|
cranial cavity
|
lies in the skull and encases the brain
|
|
vertebral cavity
|
runs through the vertebral column to enclose the spinal cord
|
|
ventral body cavity
|
large anterior closed body cavity, containing the visceral organs
|
|
visceral organs
|
lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys
also called viscera |
|
viscera
|
lungs, heart, intestines, and kidneys
also called visceral organs |
|
thoracic cavity
|
superior portion of ventral body cavity
|
|
abdominopelvic cavity
|
inferior portion of ventral body cavity
|
|
diaphragm
|
dome-shaped muscle used in breathing; divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
pleural cavity
|
surrounds a lung
|
|
mediastinum
|
central band of organs in the thoracic cavity (heart, esophagus, trachea)
|
|
pericardial cavity
|
surrounds the heart
|
|
abdominal cavity
|
superior portion of abdominopelvic cavity; contains liver, stomach, kidneys, etc.
|
|
pelvic cavity
|
inferior portion of abdominopelvic cavity; contains bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum
|
|
peritoneal cavity
|
surrounds many organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
serous
|
watery
|
|
serous membrane
|
lines a serous cavity; also called a serosa
|
|
serosa
|
lines a serous cavity; also called a serous membrane
|
|
pleura
|
serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity in the thorax and covers the external surface of the lung
|
|
pericardium
|
double-layered sac that encloses the heart and forms its superficial layer
|
|
peritoneum
|
serous membrane that lines the interior of the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the surfaces of the organs in this cavity
|
|
parietal serosa
|
the part of a serosa that forms the outer wall of the cavity
|
|
visceral serosa
|
the part of a serosa on the inside; covers the organs; continuous with the parietal serosa
|
|
oral cavity
|
mouth
|
|
nasal cavity
|
within and posterior to the nose
|
|
orbital cavities
|
house the eyes and present them in an anterior position
|
|
middle ear cavities
|
each lies just medial to an ear drum and are carved into the bone of the skull; contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ears
|
|
synovial cavities
|
joint cavities, enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body
|
|
right hypochondriac region
|
upper right region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
epigastric region
|
upper central region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
left hypochondriac region
|
upper left region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
right lumbar region
|
central right region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
umbilical region
|
central region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
left lumbar region
|
central left region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
right iliac region
|
lower right region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called right inguinal region
|
|
right inguinal region
|
lower right region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called right iliac region
|
|
middle ear cavities
|
each lies just medial to an ear drum and are carved into the bone of the skull; contain tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ears
|
|
synovial cavities
|
joint cavities, enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround the freely movable joints of the body
|
|
right hypochondriac region
|
upper right region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
epigastric region
|
upper central region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
left hypochondriac region
|
upper left region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
right lumbar region
|
central right region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
umbilical region
|
central region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
left lumbar region
|
central left region of abdominopelvic cavity
|
|
right iliac region
|
lower right region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called right inguinal region
|
|
right inguinal region
|
lower right region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called right iliac region
|
|
hypogastric region
|
lower central region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called pubic region
|
|
pubic region
|
lower central region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called hypogastric region
|
|
left iliac region
|
lower left region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called left inguinal region
|
|
left inguinal region
|
lower left region of abdominopelvic cavity; also called left iliac region
|
|
ways to describe region within abdominopelvic cavity
|
nine regions or four quadrants
|
|
microscopy
|
the examination of small structures with a microscope
|
|
LM
|
light microscope
|
|
EM or TEM
|
transmission electron microscope
|
|
ultrastructure
|
the fine details of cells and tissues, as viewed by electron microscopy
|
|
computed tomography (CT)
|
a refined X-ray technology also known as computed axial tomography (CAT)
|
|
computed axial tomography (CAT)
|
a refined X-ray technology also known as computed tomography (CT)
|