Human Anatomy Blood

Front 1

what are the functions of blood

Back 1

transport, regulate body temp, protect againt blood loss by mediating clotting, blood is a connective tissue

Front 2

what does blood transport

Back 2

oxygen from the lungs to the body, and CO2 from the body to the kidneys

Front 3

what is the fluid that remains after a clot is formed

Back 3

serum

Front 4

what percent of plasma is water and what does plasma contain

Back 4

92% water, contains ions, nutrients, wastes and hormones

Front 5

what are the 3 main plasma proteins that are formed in the liver

Back 5

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

Front 6

albumin

Back 6

gives blood viscosity

Front 7

globulin

Back 7

transporters (hemoglobin) or antibodies (immunoglobins)

Front 8

fibrinogen

Back 8

element of coagulation (clotting)

Front 9

erythrocytes are what

Back 9

red blood cells (RBC)

Front 10

what is the purpose of erythrocytes

Back 10

to transport oxygen and CO2 throughout the body

Front 11

where does the exchange of gases occur in the body

Back 11

in the capillaries of the lungs and in the capillaries in the peripheral tissues

Front 12

hemotocrit

Back 12

RBC vol / total cell vol * 100%

Front 13

what are some characteristics of erythrocytes

Back 13

biconcave disc, no nucleus, lives only for 120 days, travels 700 miles during the 120 days

Front 14

erythropoiesis

Back 14

production of RBC which occurs in the red bone marrow, stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin (produced in the kidneys)

Front 15

is bone marrow found in all bones

Back 15

yes

Front 16

what are the two types of bone marrow

Back 16

red and yellow

Front 17

what is the function of red bone marrow

Back 17

to actively generate blood cells

Front 18

at birth is all bone marrow red

Back 18

yes

Front 19

what is the yellow color of yellow bone marrow from

Back 19

fat

Front 20

can yellow bone marrow become red bone marrow if needed

Back 20

yes

Front 21

in adults where is yellow bone marrow found

Back 21

in long bones (tibia, fibula, radius, ulna)

Front 22

where is red bone marrow found

Back 22

in the proximal ends of the proximal long bones (pelvis, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, skull, scapula)

Front 23

what percent of hemoglobin is in RBC's

Back 23

97%

Front 24

hemoglobin

Back 24

an oxygen carrying protein

Front 25

what give RBC's their red color

Back 25

oxidation of the iron in blood

Front 26

dead red blood cells are recycled by what and in where

Back 26

macrophages, in the spleen

Front 27

glycoproteins and glycolipids

Back 27

surface antigens on cell membranes of all cells

Front 28

what are the 3 important surface antigens

Back 28

A, B and D (Rh factor)

Front 29

if a blood transfusion is given w/ imcompatible blood, what occurs

Back 29

clumping can occur which causes the cells to hemolyze (rupture)

Front 30

type A blood

Back 30

40% population, has type B antibodies present in plasma, can receive type A and O RBC's

Front 31

type B blood

Back 31

10% population, has type A antibodies present in plasma, can receive type B and O RBC's

Front 32

type AB blood

Back 32

4% population, has no antibodies present in plasma, can receive type A, B and O RBC's, universal recipient

Front 33

type O blood

Back 33

46% population, has type A and B antibodies present in plasma, can receive type only type O RBC's, universal donor

Front 34

Rh positive

Back 34

has the D antigen present on the RBC, has no anti-D antibodies present in the plasma

Front 35

Rh negative

Back 35

does not have D antigen present on the RBC, produces anti-D antibodies in plasma when exposed to D antigens

Front 36

leukocytes

Back 36

white blood cells (WBC)

Front 37

are leukocytes complete cells w/ a nucleus and organelles

Back 37

yes

Front 38

where do WBC's function

Back 38

outside of the blood vessles in the connective tissue

Front 39

chemotaxis

Back 39

move toward a site by following chemical attractants

Front 40

diapedesis

Back 40

move into the tissues through small openings between the endothelial cells of capillaries and post capillary venules

Front 41

what does increase WBC's in a blood sample indicate

Back 41

an infection

Front 42

how are leukocytes classified as

Back 42

either granular or Agranular (no granules)

Front 43

neutrophils (granular leukocytes)

Back 43

nucleus contains 2-6 connected lobes, most abundant, defence against bacterial infection, first line of defense, think macrophage/scavenger or phagocyte of blood, granules are digestive enzymes to digest bacteria

Front 44

eosinophils (granular leukocytes)

Back 44

loves red, nucleus has two lobes connected, granules stain red, fight parasite infections, mediate allergic reactions, and phagocytosis of antigen/antibody complexes, granules contain digestive enzymes

Front 45

basophils (granular leukocytes)

Back 45

loves blue, nucleus has 2 lobes connected in a U or S shape, granules stain dark purple, release histamine during allergic reaction, function is similar to mast cells found in tissue

Front 46

monocytes (Agranular leukocytes)

Back 46

nucleus is dark and kidney, horse-shoe or U shaped, precursor to the macrophage but found in the circulatory system

Front 47

lymphocytes (Agranular leukocytes)

Back 47

nucleus is dark, round and large, major component of immune system, immune attach cells are the T and B lymphocytes

Front 48

where are lymphocytes produced

Back 48

in bone marrow

Front 49

where are B lymphocytes educated

Back 49

bone marrow

Front 50

where are T lymphocytes educated

Back 50

thymus

Front 51

B lymphocytes

Back 51

stimulated agains an antigen, become plasma cells and make antibodies against the antigen

Front 52

do antigen-antibody complexes get phagocytoed by macrophages

Back 52

yes

Front 53

T lymphocytes

Back 53

T helper cells and T cytotoxic cells

Front 54

T helper cells

Back 54

help to stimulate B lymphocytes and T cytotoxic lymphocytes

Front 55

T cytotoxics are what

Back 55

cell killers

Front 56

platelets (also called thrombocytes)

Back 56

not actual cells, are disc shaped fragments enclosed by a plasma membrane, derived from megakaryocytes

Front 57

embolism

Back 57

blockage

Front 58

thrombus

Back 58

narrowing of an artery

Front 59

mnemonic for remembering the blood cells from Most to Least frequent in circulating blood

Back 59

Remember Please, Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (RBC>Platelets>Neutrophils>Lymphocytes>Monocytes>Eosinophils>Basophils)

Front 60

anemic

Back 60

low hematocrit or RBC count

Front 61

bacterial infection

Back 61

high neutrophils

Front 62

parasite infection or allergies

Back 62

high eosinophils

Front 63

hematopoiesis

Back 63

blood cell formation, occurs in bone marrow, continuous throughout life

Front 64

all blood cells originate from what

Back 64

stem cells

Front 65

myeloid stem cells

Back 65

form all other blood cells

Front 66

lymphoid stem cells

Back 66

form lymphocytes

Front 67

reticulocyte

Back 67

immature RBC

Front 68

myeloid stem cells differentiate into what

Back 68

megakaryotes

Front 69

megakaryotes produce what

Back 69

platelets