Human Anatomy And Physiology: The Skeletal System

Front 1

What does the skeletal system composed of

Back 1

bones -joints -cartilages and -ligaments

Front 2

How many bones that a baby have

Back 2

276 bones

Front 3

How many bones does an adult have

Back 3

206 bones

Front 4

Why do the bones of a human decrease as they grow

Back 4

Because their bones fuse together

Front 5

Functions of the Skeletal System

Back 5

Support

Protection

Movements

Storage

Blood Cell Production

Front 6

Tough ropelike CHON that makes cartilages tough

Back 6

Collagen

Front 7

Large molecules of polysaccharides attached to CHONs

Back 7

Proteoglycans

Front 8

Types of bones according to SHAPE

Back 8

1. Long bones 2. Short bones 3. Flat bones 4. Irregular bones

Front 9

Parts of the long bone

Back 9

Diaphysis

Epiphyses

Periosteum

Articular Cartilage

Epiphyseal Plate

Epiphyseal Line

Medullary Cavity

Front 10

True or False. Adults have more red marrow than children

Back 10

False

Front 11

What does the yellow marrow composed of?

Back 11

Adipose tissue

Front 12

What does the RED marrow consists of

Back 12

Blood-forming cells

Front 13

Outermost layer of a bone

Back 13

Periosteum

Front 14

Innermost layer of the bone

Back 14

Endosteum

Front 15

Bone-forming cells that fxn in the formation of bone,

Back 15

Osteoblast

Front 16

Thin sheets. of EC matrix where bone is formed

Back 16

Lamellae

Front 17

Spaces b/w the lamellae where osteocytes can be found

Back 17

Lacunae

Front 18

2 basic types of bone tissue

Back 18

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone

Front 19

Sets of concentric ring that contain the blood vessels supplying the bone tissue

Back 19

Haversian Canal

Front 20

Consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bones called Trabeculae resembling scaffoldings

Back 20

Spongy Bone

Front 21

The formation of bone by osteoblasts.

Back 21

Bone Ossification

Front 22

A mature bone cell

Back 22

Osteocyte

Front 23

2 types of ossification

Back 23

Intramembranous Ossification

Endochondral ossification

Front 24

Cartilage cells

Back 24

Chondrocytes

Front 25

Increase in bone width or diameter

Back 25

Appositional Growth

Front 26

Where bone growth in length occurs &leads to increase in height

Back 26

Epiphyseal Plate

Front 27

Occurs by the deposition of new bone lamellae onto existing bone or connective tse by the osteoblasts

Back 27

Bone Growth

Front 28

Involves the removal of existing bones by osteoclasts & deposition of new bone by osteoblasts

Back 28

Bone Remodeling

Front 29

Decreases osteoclastic activity thus, Ca+ levels in the blood will be decreased

Back 29

Calcitonin (Thyroid Gland)

Front 30

Indirectly stimulates osteoclastic activity→ ↑bone breakdown and ↑blood Ca+ levels

Back 30

Parathyroid Hormone

Front 31

3 organs that work when there is HYPOCALCEMIA

Back 31

Parathyroid Gland

Kidneys

Small Intestine

Front 32

Two Divisions of the Skeletal System

Back 32

Axial

Appendicular

Front 33

What composes the AXIAL Skeleton

Back 33

Skull

Vertebral Column

Rib Cage

Front 34

What composes the Appendicular Skeleton

Back 34

Pectoral Girdle

Upper limb

Pelvic Girdle

Lower limb

Front 35

What comprises the Skull

Back 35

Braincase(Cranium) (8)

Facial Bones (14)

Front 36

What comprises the Cranium

Back 36

Frontal bone

Parietal bone (paired)

Temporal bone (paired)

Occipital bone

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

Front 37

Types of sinuses

Back 37

Frontal sinus

Ethmoidal sinus

Sphenoidal sinus

Maxillary sinus

Front 38

Suture that joins the Parietal and the Frontal bone

Back 38

Coronal Suture

Front 39

Suture that joins the Temporal bone

Back 39

Squamous Suture

Front 40

Canal that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear

Back 40

External Auditory Meatus

Front 41

A sharp, needlelike structure located inferiorly to the EAM

Back 41

Styloid Process

Front 42

Suture that joins the Occipital and Parietal bones

Back 42

Lambdoid Suture

Front 43

Large opening at the base of occipital bone

Back 43

Foramen Magnum

Front 44

Located laterally to the foramen magnum which rest on the first vertebra of the vertebral column

Back 44

Occipital Condyles

Front 45

Butterfly- shaped bone that spans the width of the skull and forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity

Back 45

Sphenoid Bone

Front 46

Saddle-shaped structure at the central region of the sphenoid bone

Back 46

Sella Turtica

Front 47

What does the Sella Turtica contain

Back 47

Pituitary Gland

Front 48

Irregularly shaped bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid bone

Back 48

Ethmoid Bone

Front 49

Unpaired,U-shaped bone

Back 49

Hyoid Bone

Front 50

5 major functions of the Vertebral Column

Back 50

1. Supports the weight of the head &the trunk.

2. Protects the SC

3. Allows the spinal nerves toexit the SC

4. Site for muscle attachment.

5. Permits movement of thehead and trunk.

Front 51

What consists our Vertebral Column

Back 51

Cervical-7

Thoracic-12

Lumbar-5

Sacrum-1

Coccyx- 1

Front 52

Posterior curvature(thoracic region;hunchback)

Back 52

Kyphosis

Front 53

Anterior curvature(lumbar region;swayback condition)

Back 53

Lordosis

Front 54

Lateral curvature

Back 54

Scoliosis

Front 55

First cervical vertebrae

Back 55

Atlas

Front 56

2nd cervical vertebrae

Back 56

Axis

Front 57

Sturdiest of vertebra

Back 57

Lumbar

Front 58

Function of the rib cage

Back 58

Protects the organs within the thorax

Front 59

What consist the rib cage

Back 59

1-7 TRUE RIBS

8-12 FALSE RIBS

11-12 FLOATING RIBS

Front 60

Also called the "breastbone"

Back 60

Sternum

Front 61

How many bones does the Appendicular Skeleton have

Back 61

126 bones

Front 62

What does the Appendicular consists of

Back 62

1. Pectoral Girdle

2. Upper Limbs

3. Pelvic girdles

4. Lower Limb

Front 63

What consist the Upper limbs

Back 63

Arm

Forearm

Wrist

Hand

Front 64

2 bones of the forearm

Back 64

Radius and Ulna

Front 65

Lateral bone, on the thumb side of the forearm

Back 65

Radius

Front 66

Medial bone, on the little finger side of the forearm

Back 66

Ulna

Front 67

Place where the lower limbs attach to the body

Back 67

Pelvic Girdle

Front 68

3 bones that form a Coxal bone

Back 68

1. Ilium – most superior

2. Ischium – inferior and posterior “sitdown bone”

3. Pubis- inferior and anterior

Front 69

Thigh bone

Back 69

Femur

Front 70

Bones that composes your leg

Back 70

Tibia

Fibula

Front 71

Bones that consists your feet

Back 71

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Front 72

Functional Classification of Joints

Back 72

1. Synarthrosis – immovable joints

2. Amphiarthrosis – slightly movable joints

3. Diarthrosis – freely movable joints

Front 73

Structural classification of Joints

Back 73

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Front 74

Types of Fibrous joints

Back 74

Sutures

Fontanels

Syndesmoses

Gomphoses

Front 75

Thin layer of cartiilage that cover the articular surfaces w/in the synovial joints

Back 75

Articulating Cartilage

Front 76

Encloses the cavity and helps hold the bones together&allows movement

Back 76

Joint Capsule

Front 77

Lines the cavity everywhere except over the articular cartilage

Back 77

Synovial Membrane

Front 78

Pocket or sac that is an extension of the synovial membrane

Back 78

Bursa

Front 79

Movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together

Back 79

Flexion

Front 80

Movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of the joint or distance between two bones or parts of the body

Back 80

Extension

Front 81

extension greater than 180 degrees

Back 81

Hyperextension

Front 82

movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

Back 82

Rotation

Front 83

moving a limb away in the frontal plane from the median plane of the body, spreading the fingers apart

Back 83

Abduction

Front 84

opposite of abduction; movement of a limb toward the body midline

Back 84

Adduction

Front 85

Back 85

Circumduction

Front 86

Back 86

Dorsiflexion

Front 87

Back 87

Plantarflexion

Front 88

Back 88

Inversion

Front 89

Back 89

Eversion

Front 90

Back 90

Supination

Front 91

Back 91

Pronation

Front 92

Back 92

Opposition