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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Basic living unit of all organisms |
The Cell |
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Study of cell structure |
Cytology |
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Study of cellular function |
Cell physiology |
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Three main regions of cell |
Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm |
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2 components of cytoplasm |
Cytosol Organelles (13) |
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Functions of the cell |
Cell metabolism and energy use Synthesis of molecules Reproduction and inheritance Communication |
4 fxns |
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2 substances of the cell |
Intracellular (K+ ions glycogrn and enzymes) Extracellular ( Na+ Cl- Ca2+) |
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Allows the cell to let substances pass through while excluding others |
Selective Permeability |
Dialysis |
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What is diffusion |
Process of solutes to move from higher conc. to lower conc. |
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Movement of solutes |
Concentration gradient |
Moves down or with and moves up or against |
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Highly permeable substances that can pass through the cell |
Vitamin ADEK and lipid soluble molecules(steriods O2 and CO2) |
Vitamins and gas |
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What is osmosis |
Movement of water from a high conc. to a lower conc. across a selective permeable membrane |
Solvent movement |
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Ability of a solution to change size or shape of cells by altering amount of h20 they contain |
Tonicity |
3 types |
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3 types of carrier mediated mechanisms |
Facilitated diffusion Active transport Secondary Active transport |
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What is facilitated diffusion |
Moves subs. from an area of higher conc. to a lower conc. with a carrier molecule |
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What is Active Transport |
Movement against the conc. gradient with the use of ATP |
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Provides energy to transport a second substance |
Secondary Active Transport |
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What is endocytosis |
Moves subs. inside the cell |
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What is exocytosis |
Moves subs outside the cell |
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What is phagocytosis |
Cell eating |
2 types of endo |
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What is pinocytosis |
Cell drinking (liquids) |
2 types of endo |
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Organelle that contains DNA |
Nucleus |
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Site where ribosomes are made or assembled |
Nucleolus or nucleoli |
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Organelles for protein synthesis |
Ribosomes |
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Organelle that is considered "Network within the cell" |
Endoplastic reticulum |
Has 2 types |
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Organelle thay Has enzymes that catalyze CHON synthesis |
Rough ER |
Where ribosomes are attached |
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Site for lipid synthesis |
Smooth ER |
No ribosomes |
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Site for packaging CHONs and traffic director for cellular proteins |
Golgi apparatus |
Sent to by rough er |
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Small sac that transports/stores materials within the cell |
Secretory vesicle |
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Contains digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion |
Lysosomes |
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Detoxifies alcohol and poisonous subs. |
Peroxisomes |
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Contains cristae and is the powerhouse of the cell |
Mitochondria |
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The bones and muscles of the cells |
Cytoskeleton |
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3 parts of the cytoskeleton |
Microtubules Microfilaments Intermediate filaments |
Micro |
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Where microtubules are formed |
Centrosome |
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Whiplike extensions that moves substances along the surface of the cell |
Cilia |
Chair |
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Tail like extension |
Flagella |
Sperm |
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Increases surface area of cell |
Microvilli |
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Process by which info from a gene is used in the synthesis of proteins |
Gene expression |
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2 steps involving gene expression (in order) |
Transcription Translation |
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Carries codes from the DNA to the ribosomes |
mRNA |
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Carries amino acids to the ribosomes |
tRNA |
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Stages of mitosis |
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
IPMAT |
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Process by which cells develop specialized structures and fxns |
Differentiation |
Stem cell |
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Programmed cell death |
Apoptosis |
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Substances with low permeability |
Ions (Na K H Ca Cl) Polar molecules (glucose and sucrose) |
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A sequence of three nucleotides |
Codon |
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Stage of mitosis where the DNA is replicated |
Interphase |
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Stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
Prophase |
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Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up to the center |
Metaphase |
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Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes move away from each other towards the opposite sides of the pole |
Anaphase |
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Stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane reforms and nucleoli reappear |
Telophase |
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