Human Anatomy (Cardiovascular System)

Front 1

Internal cardotid artery

Back 1

The internal carotid artery is a major paired artery, one on each side of the head and neck, in human anatomy.

Front 2

External carotid artery

Back 2

The external carotid artery is a major artery of the head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery when it splits into the external and internal carotid artery. It supplies blood to the face and neck.

Front 3

Common carotid artery

Back 3

In anatomy, the left and right common carotid arteries (carotids) are arteries that supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood; they divide in the neck to form the external and internal carotid arteries.

Front 4

Vertebral artery

Back 4

The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. Typically, the vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian arteries. ... As the supplying component of the vertebrobasilar vascular system, the vertebral arteries provide supply blood to the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior part of brain.

Front 5

Brachiocephalic artery

Back 5

The brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

Front 6

Ascending aorta

Back 6

The ascending aorta (AAo) is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum.

Front 7

Axillary artery

Back 7

In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called the subclavian artery.

Front 8

Branchial artery

Back 8

The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery beyond the lower margin of teres major muscle. It continues down the ventral surface of the arm until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow.

Front 9

Abdominal aorta

Back 9

The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdomen that provides blood to the organs and tissues of the abdomen, pelvis, and legs. It descends from the thorax as a continuation of the thoracic aorta and branches several times to form the major arteries of the abdomen.

Front 10

Common iliac artery

Back 10

The common iliac arteries are two large arteries that originate from the aortic bifurcation at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra. They end in front of the sacroiliac joint, one on either side, and each bifurcates into the external and internal iliac arteries.

Front 11

External iliac artery

Back 11

The external iliac artery provides the main blood supply to the legs. It passes down along the brim of the pelvis and gives off two large branches - the "inferior epigastric artery" and a "deep circumflex artery." These vessels supply blood to the muscles and skin in the lower abdominal wall.

Front 12

Digital arteries

Back 12

The proper palmar digital arteries travel along the sides of the phalanges each artery lying just below (dorsal to) its corresponding digital nerve

Front 13

Femoral artery

Back 13

The femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the leg. It enters the thigh from behind the inguinal ligament as the common femoral artery, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

Front 14

Popliteal artery

Back 14

The arteries of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions. (Popliteal labeled at bottom center.) The popliteal artery is a deeply placed continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus, or opening in the distal portion of the adductor magnus muscle.

Front 15

Anterior tibial artery

Back 15

The anterior tibial artery of the leg carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery. It is accompanied by the anterior tibial vein, along its course. It crosses the anterior aspect of the ankle joint, at which point it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

Front 16

Posterior tibial artery

Back 16

The posterior tibial artery pulse can be readily palpated halfway between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon and is often examined by physicians when assessing a patient for peripheral vascular disease.

Front 17

Subclavian artery

Back 17

There are two subclavian arteries that supply our arms with blood. The subclavian arteries branch to the vertebral arteries. These carry oxygenated blood up to the brain from the base of the neck. The right subclavian artery is located below the clavicle. It branches off the brachiocephalic trunk.

Front 18

Aortic arch

Back 18

The aortic arch is the portion of the main artery that bends between the ascending and descending aorta. It leaves the heart and ascends, then descends back to create the arch. The aorta distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.

Front 19

Coronary artery

Back 19

The coronary arteries are the arteries of the coronary circulation that transport blood into and out of the cardiac muscle. They are mainly composed of the left and right coronary arteries both of which give off branches.

Front 20

Thoracic aorta

Back 20

The descending thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax. It is a continuation of the descending aorta and contained in the posterior mediastinal cavity.

Front 21

Renal artery

Back 21

The renal arteries normally arise off the left interior side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. Each is directed across the crus of the diaphragm, so as to form nearly a right angle (90 degrees).

Front 22

Radial artery

Back 22

The radial artery is a major artery in the human forearm. It is close to the surface of the underside of the forearm; when the palm of the hand is pointing upwards, so is the radial artery. The radial artery supplies the arm and hand with oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Front 23

Ulnar artery

Back 23

The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery. It is palpable on the anterior and medial aspect of the wrist.

Front 24

Internal iliac artery

Back 24

The internal iliac artery (formerly known as the hypogastric artery) is the main artery of the pelvis.

Front 25

Deep palmar arch

Back 25

The deep palmar arch (deep volar arch) is an arterial network found in the palm. It is usually formed mainly from the terminal part of the radial artery, with the ulnar artery contributing via its deep palmar branch, by an anastomosis. This is in contrast to the superficial palmar arch, which is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery.

Front 26

Superficial palmer arch

Back 26

The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery. However, in some individuals the contribution from the radial artery might be absent, and instead anastomoses with either the princeps pollicis artery, the radialis indicis artery, or the median artery, the former two of which are branches from the radial artery.

Front 27

Dural sinuses

Back 27

The dural venous sinuses (also called dural sinuses, cerebral sinuses, or cranial sinuses) are venous channels found between the endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in the brain.

Front 28

External jugular vein

Back 28

The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face, being formed by the junction of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein with the posterior auricular vein.

Front 29

Internal jugular vein

Back 29

The internal jugular vein is a paired jugular vein that collects blood from the brain and the superficial parts of the face and neck. The vein runs in the carotid sheath with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve.

Front 30

Superior vena cava

Back 30

a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart. There are two in humans, the inferior vena cava (carrying blood from the lower body) and the superior vena cava (carrying blood from the head, arms, and upper body).

Front 31

Axillary vein

Back 31

In human anatomy, the axillary vein is a large blood vessel that conveys blood from the lateral aspect of the thorax, axilla (armpit) and upper limb toward the heart. There is one axillary vein on each side of the body. Its origin is at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and a continuation of the brachial vein.

Front 32

Great cardiac vein

Back 32

It drains the same area of the heart that is supplied by the artery, and it also receives blood from the left marginal vein. The great cardiac vein follows the coronary sulcus to the left to empty into the coronary sinus on the posterior surface of the heart.

Front 33

Hepatic veins

Back 33

In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the veins that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava. There are usually three upper hepatic veins draining from the left, middle, and right parts of the liver.

Front 34

Inferior vena cava

Back 34

a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart. There are two in humans, the inferior vena cava (carrying blood from the lower body) and the superior vena cava (carrying blood from the head, arms, and upper body).

Front 35

Ulnar vein

Back 35

In anatomy, the ulnar veins are venae comitantes for the ulnar artery. They mostly drain the medial aspect of the forearm. They arise in the hand and terminate when they join the radial veins to form the brachial veins. They follow the same course as the ulnar artery.

Front 36

Radial vein

Back 36

In anatomy, the radial veins are venae comitantes that accompany the radial artery through the back of the hand and the lateral aspect of the forearm. They join the ulnar veins to form the brachial veins. They follow the same course as the radial artery.

Front 37

Common iliac vein

Back 37

In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins. The left and right common iliac veins come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs.

Front 38

Great saphenous vein

Back 38

The great saphenous vein (GSV, alternately "long saphenous vein") is a large, subcutaneous, superficial vein of the leg. It is the longest vein in the body, running along the length of the lower limb.

Front 39

Posterior tibial vein

Back 39

In anatomy, there are two posterior tibial veins of the lower limb. They receive blood from the medial and lateral plantar veins and drain the posterior compartment of the leg and the plantar surface of the foot to the popliteal vein which it forms when it joins with the anterior tibial vein.

Front 40

Peroneal vein

Back 40

In anatomy, the fibular veins (also known as the peroneal veins) are accompanying veins ( venae comitantes) of the fibular artery.

Front 41

Dorsal venous arch

Back 41

The dorsal venous arch of the foot is a superficial vein that connects the small saphenous vein and the great saphenous vein. Anatomically, it is defined by where the dorsal veins of the first and fifth digit, respectively, meet the great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein.

Front 42

Subclavian vein

Back 42

Each subclavian vein is a continuation of the axillary vein and runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border of anterior scalene muscle. From here it joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein (also known as "innominate vein").

Front 43

Brachiocephalic veins

Back 43

The left and right brachiocephalic veins (or innominate veins) in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. The left brachiocephalic vein is usually longer than the right.

Front 44

Cephalic vein

Back 44

In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein in the arm. It communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein at the elbow and is located in the superficial fascia along the anterolateral surface of the biceps brachii muscle.

Front 45

Brachial vein

Back 45

In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper. Because they are deep to muscle, they are considered deep veins.

Front 46

Basilic vein

Back 46

The basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm.

Front 47

Splenic vein

Back 47

The splenic vein (formerly the lienal vein) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the spleen , the stomach fundus and part of the pancreas. It is part of the hepatic portal system.

Front 48

Median cubital vein

Back 48

In human anatomy, the median cubital vein (or median basilic vein) is a superficial vein of the upper limb. It connects the basilic and cephalic vein and is often used for venipuncture (taking blood), as it lies relatively close to the surface of the arm and becomes prominent when pressure is applied.

Front 49

Internal iliac vein

Back 49

The internal iliac vein (hypogastric vein) begins near the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, passes upward behind and slightly medial to the Internal iliac artery and, at the brim of the pelvis, joins with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein.

Front 50

External iliac vein

Back 50

The external iliac vein returns deoxygenated blood from the legs back to the heart. It arises from the poplitear vein (at the knee), which then continues upward through the thigh as the femoral vein and feeds directly into the external iliac vein just behind the inguinal ligament in the lowest regions of the abdomen.

Front 51

Digital veins

Back 51

The palmar digital veins (or volar digital veins) on each finger are connected to the dorsal digital veins by oblique intercapitular veins. Some sources distinguish between the "proper palmar digital veins", which are more distal, and the "common palmar digital veins", which are more proximal.

Front 52

Femoral veins

Back 52

In the human body, the femoral vein is a blood vessel that accompanies the femoral artery in the femoral sheath. It begins at the adductor canal (also known as Hunter's canal) and is a continuation of the popliteal vein. It ends at the inferior margin of the inguinal ligament, where it becomes the external iliac vein.

Front 53

Popliteal vein

Back 53

The popliteal vein is formed by the junction of the venae comitantes of the anterior and posterior tibial vein at the lower border of the popliteus muscle on the medial side of the popliteal artery.

Front 54

Anterior tibial vein

Back 54

The anterior tibial vein is a vein in the lower leg. In human anatomy, there are two anterior tibial veins. They originates and receive blood from the dorsal pedis veins, on the back of the foot and empties into the popliteal vein.

Front 55

Arteries

Back 55

The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body.

Front 56

Capillaries

Back 56

The smallest of the body's blood vessels. Oxygen and glucose pass through capillary walls and enter the cells. Waste products such as carbon dioxide pass back from the cells into the blood through capillaries.

Front 57

Plasma

Back 57

The liquid portion of the blood

Front 58

Hormones

Back 58

Hormones are the body's chemical messengers and are part of the endocrine system. Endocrine glands make hormones, which travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, and control most of our body's major systems.

Front 59

Carbohydrates

Back 59

The body's perfered energy source. Dietary sources include sugars (simple) carbohydrate is stored as glycogen in the muscles & liver & is transported in the blood as glucose.

Front 60

Amino acids

Back 60

Nitrogen-contaning compounds that are the building blocks of protein.

Front 61

Lipid

Back 61

The name for fats used in the body & bloodstream

Front 62

Ions

Back 62

A single atom or small molecule containing a net positive or negative charge due to an excess of either protons (positive) or electrons (negative)

Front 63

Platelets

Back 63

One of the disc-shaped components of the blood; involved in clotting.

Front 64

Aorta

Back 64

The major artery of the cardiovascular system; arises from the left ventricle of the heart

Front 65

Arteriosclerosis

Back 65

the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring typically in old age.

Front 66

Interstitial fluid

Back 66

Fluid between the cells or the body parts

Front 67

Ventricles

Back 67

The two lower chambers of the heart (right & left ventricle)

Front 68

Atrium

Back 68

the two upper chaimberd of the heart (right & left atrium).

Front 69

Pulmonary circuit

Back 69

The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart.

Front 70

Systemic circuit

Back 70

The circulatory vessels of the body

Front 71

Cardiac cycle

Back 71

The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats. As the heart beats, it circulates blood through pulmonary and systemic circuits of the body. There are two phases of the cardiac cycle. In the diastole phase, the heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood.

Front 72

Right and left pulmonary arteries

Back 72

The main pulmonary artery is responsible for transporting oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart and back toward the lungs. The main artery splits into the left pulmonary artery and the right pulmonary artery, each of which directs the blood to the corresponding lung.

Front 73

Pulmonary veins

Back 73

a vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Front 74

Right atrium

Back 74

The right atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart. The heart is comprised of two atria and two ventricles. Blood enters the heart through the two atria and exits through the two ventricles. Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior and superior vena cava.

Front 75

Pulmonary valve

Back 75

The pulmonary valve (sometimes referred to as the pulmonic valve) is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.

Front 76

Tricuspid valve ( right atrioventricular valve)

Back 76

The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

Front 77

Right ventricle

Back 77

The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

Front 78

Pulmonary trunk (pulmonary veins)

Back 78

The pulmonary trunk is a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs.

Front 79

Left atrium

Back 79

The left atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart, located on the left posterior side. Its primary roles are to act as a holding chamber for blood returning from the lungs and to act as a pump to transport blood to other areas of the heart.

Front 80

Aortic valve

Back 80

The aortic valve is a valve in the human heart between the left ventricle and the aorta. It is one of the two semilunar valves of the heart, the other being the pulmonary valve. The heart has four valves and the other two are the mitral and the tricuspid valves.

Front 81

Mitral (bicuspid) valve (left atrioventricular valve)

Back 81

The mitral valve is a valve that lets blood flow from one chamber of the heart, the left atrium, to another called the left ventricle. In mitral valve prolapse, part of the mitral valve slips backward loosely into the chamber called the left atrium.

Front 82

Left ventricle

Back 82

The left ventricle is one of four chambers of the heart. It is located in the bottom left portion of the heart below the left atrium, separated by the mitral valve.

Front 83

Interventricular Septum

Back 83

The interventricular septum (IVS, or ventricular septum, or during development septum inferius), is the stout wall separating the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.