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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Etruscans |
Ruled early Rome Heavily influenced Rome |
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Etruscan influence on Roman culture |
morals (Romans learned what not to do from them) and religion (Divination- fortune telling future by animals and natural occurrences. Most important: mystery cults) -gladiator combat -alphabet - Senate-Senex -Chief Magistrates symbol of authority- fasces -Legend that led to getting rid of all systems of monarchy. Led to perception that a king is as bad as a tyrant |
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Consul |
1 of the 2 powerful officials elected each year to command army and direct the govt |
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Dictator |
-someone given unlimited power during a crisis/emergency -can't exceed more than 6 months |
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Patricians |
-aristocrats -wealthy -1 of 2 groups in the main class system (top) |
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Plebians |
- the 2nd group in the main class system (lower) - Chose a patrician to represent them in law (called patron). - In debt to patron the citizen population of Rome that was included farmers, merchants, and the urban poor. - wanted more power |
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Twelve Tables |
-1st written law code of the Roman Republic (Plebs made Patricians write down the laws for the 1st time ever bc they were taking advantage of them) -rights to equal protection under the law |
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The Black Death |
Successive outbreaks of bubonic plague that killed up to a third of European and Muslim populations over the course of the 14th century |
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Chivalry |
an ethic that embraced ideal knightly behavior |
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Edict of Milan |
-Issued by Constantine -legalized Christianity and guaranteed religious freedom for all faiths within the empire |
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Imperator |
-Title assumed by Augustus and all following later of Rome -"emperor" |
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Latifundia |
Slave-worked plantations |
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Paterfamilias |
- The head of the household (always male) - Had complete authority over the family - The sole possessor of the family's property |
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Pontifex Maximus |
"chief priest" the high priest of the Roman state religion, often the emperor himself Means "chief bridge-builder" |
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Princips |
Name taken by the emperor Octavian meaning "First Citizen" because he didn't want to be thought of as a king (they thought kings were as bad as tyrants) |
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Punic Wars |
3 wars Rome fought with Carthage resulting in Roman dominance of the entire western Mediterranean basin |
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Janus |
-a god of doorways -2 faces -its temple told whether the city was at war or at peace - door open= war, door closed= peace |
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Equestrians |
(Was just 2 social classes. Now 4. This one is one of the new ones)
-wealthy plebs. Not born royal, but high family status. -Patricians looked down on them -"Hyped up" plebs |
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Who shut down the Spartacus Rebellion (most dangerous slave uprising)? |
General Licinius Crassus
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Tiberius |
Decided to take the land that was supposed to be public back from the patricians and the wealthy. Became the People's Tribune |
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"Agrarian Law" |
took back public land |
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First Triumvirate |
3 will rule as dictators together -Licinius Crassus -Pompey the Great -Gaius Julius Caesar Helped dominate Rome and weaken Senate. Lasted 1yr. |
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"The Art of Love" |
poem by Ovid about how men could seduce women |
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Cassius |
A Roman senator
A leader of the plot to kill Julius Caesar |
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Constantine |
1st openly Christian emperor
Became Christian at Battle of Milivan Bridge ( saw symbol in sky) Made it the popular religion in the royal fam. People followed suit. later built new capital. big ego. Constantinopal. |
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Diocletian |
Roman emperor, divided empire into 4 regions, persecuted Christians
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Gaius Julius Caesar |
-Crosses Rubicon River which starts civil war -Chases Pompey to Egypt -Returns as dictator for life -Assassinated on Ides of March -loved by the people |
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Gaul |
Celtic people who were conquered by Caesar and assassinated by group of senators
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The Goths
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Barbarian people in Europe.
2 main groups -Ostrogoths (Eastern) -Visigoths (Western) |
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Gracchi Brothers |
-Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus -Attempted to limit the amount of land any one person could own in order to distribute land to the poorer farmers -Assassinated by members of the wealthy and ruling classes due to the concern that the brothers might gain influence |
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Great Persecution |
last and most severe persecution of Christians in Roman Empire |
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Penates |
gods of the household stores (like food, grain, etc.) |
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Priestesses of Vesta |
a group of 6 patrician women charged with the crucially important task of maintaining the fire of Vesta (keeping the fire going)
high status b/c role was so important entered at age 10, stayed 30 yrs, must remain virgins for those 30 yrs. If didn't, severely punished & buried alive |
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Sulla |
-dictator for reconstruction of the Republic. -Later got unlimited term as dictator -Proscriptions - posted names of enemies. people murdered them and given their property - this redefined the ruling class -Extended power to Senate - took away power from Tribunes - put people loyal to him in Senate - end result= re-empowerment of Patrician class and Senate (this indirectly leads to collapse of Republic) |
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Pompey the Great |
-Sent to Asia Minor to put down rebellion -When got back, Senate wouldn't cooperate with him so formed First Triumvirate Challenged Caesar for emperor of Rome. Drove out and defeated by Caesar |
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Huns |
nomadic people who build up a vast empire in Europe |
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The Ides of March |
the day Caesar was murdered |
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Julio-Claudian Dynasty |
-Refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero.
-Ruled from Formation (44/31/27) BC until AD 68 when Nero committed suicide. -None were succeeded by their sons. |
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Lucretia |
-Was raped by Lucius Tarquinius son, Sextus Tarquinius
-Killed herself with a knife -Luciuc Junius Brutus comes and handles business with Ol boy |
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Marcus Aurelius |
Roman Emperor who wrote Meditations and was regarded as a philosopher king
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Battle of Milvian Bridge |
-took place between the Roman Emperors Constantine I and Maxentius-312.
-name from the Milvian Bridge, an important route over the Tiber. -Constantine won the battle |
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Natural Law |
General principles of law applicable to all societies
Became a fundamental concept of the Roman Empire's legal system Related to Stoic ethical theory |
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Octavian |
Later took name of Augustus
Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son Defeated conservative senators after Caesar's assassination Became first Roman emperor |
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Ovid |
Roman literature writer who wrote Metamorphoses and The Art of Love |
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Paul of Tarsus |
Roman citizen Helped spread Christianity |
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Battle of Phillipi |
Final battle in the wars of the second trimvirate between the forces of Mark Anthony and Octavian and Julius Caesar's assassins to avenge Caesar's death but Roman Republic wins
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Plebians |
the citizen population of Rome that was included farmers, merchants, and the urban poor.- wanted more power
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Praetorian Guards |
force of bodyguards used by Roman Emperors (like gang guards?) |
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Romulus Augustulus |
last Roman emperor, boy emperor killed by vandals |
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The Second Triumvirate |
Mark Antony, Lepidus, Octavian
alliance to fight Caesar's enemies results in Octavian becoming sole ruler and creating an empire |
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Stoicism |
Philiosophy- taught by seneca and epictetus - roman morals: duty, forbearance, self-discipline, and concern for others |
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Tarquin the Proud |
-7th and last king of Rome -persuaded by Tulia I to murder his wife (her sister), his brother, and her father Tullius so that they could rule Rome -very cruel-brought the end of Rome |
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Tiberius |
Second emperor of Rome Emperor during Jesus' crucifixion |
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Visigoths |
were one of two main branches of the Goths, the Ostrogothsbeing the other.
These tribes were among the Germans who spread through the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period. Sacked Rome in 410 |
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Pre-Christian Roman Religion |
-VERY important to them
-reassembled Greek religion -big differences though -Romans worshiped ancestors -Romans more into politics (intertwined) |
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Traditional Roman Virtues and Morality |
Morality
-emphasized patriotism, duty, masculine self control, respect for authority, & tradition - primary duty= honor ancestors by their conduct -greatest honor= sacrificing self for Rome Virtues -bravery, honor, self-discipline, & loyalty to family and country |
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Roman Names |
represented what family clan you are in & who you are
-Male name= Individual + Clan + Family -Female name= feminized version of father's clan name (only one name) |
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Social and Cultural Changes During the Late Republic/ Early Empire Periods |
-was only 2 main classes. now 4. -no jobs leads to people turning to crime -Equestrians became powerful -Equestrians and plebeians form alliance |
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Roman Architecture and Engineering |
Architecture style- big and grandConcrete was their secret Parthenon and Colosseum Engineering roads and aqueducts roads built for movement of armies |
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Cicero |
father of natural law
thought it existed before gov't did thought any ruler who defied it automatically became a tyrant |
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Natural Law |
influenced most modern legal systems applied to all beings everyone equal Also something that every culture knows is wrong without having to be told that Ex. Cannibalism, murder, beastiality |
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Equestrians |
group of extremely wealthy men in the late Roman Republic who were barred from high office but sought political power through their wealth.
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