Hsc 208 #1

Front 1

Movement Classification:
-____
-____
-____

Back 1

Reflex- least complex, spinal cord/brain stem reflex

Voluntary- most complex, cerebral cortex; may become involuntary like reflexes

Rhythmic- combo of both

Front 2

Basal Metabolic Rate is - ____

Back 2

Energy used at rest to maintain living conditions measured under conditions of no digestion/ fasting; not expending energy to maintain temp.

Front 3

Energy Balance:
BMR= ____%
Excercise/NEAT= ___%
Thermic Effects of Food= ___%

Back 3

60% BMR
Exercise/NEAT 15-50%
Digesting Food/Thermic Effects 10-15%

Front 4

____ modulates movement, learns movement, is part of motor control, inhibits unwanted movemnts, and allows wanted motor actions

Back 4

Basal Ganglia

Front 5

___ innervates muscle cells- controls muscle activity

Back 5

Alpha Motor Neuron

Front 6

____ executes correct movement

Back 6

Cerebellum

Front 7

___ is involved in autonomic control centres, processing visual data from proprioceptors

Back 7

Brain Stem

Front 8

___ is the ablility to shorten or develop force

Back 8

Contractility

Front 9

___ is ability to respond to a stimulus (ability to conduct AP)

Back 9

Excitability

Front 10

___ is ability to stretch

Back 10

Extensibility

Front 11

___ is ability to go back to orriginal shap (recoil)

Back 11

Elasticity

Front 12

Last functional property of muscle is ___

Back 12

Energy utilization and supply

Front 13

One nerve and the muscle cells it innervates is ___

Back 13

Motor Unit

Front 14

The ___ property is for the contraction/ relaxation cycle

Back 14

Elasticity Property

Front 15

The ___ property is for stretching

Back 15

Extensibility

Front 16

____ surrounds entire muscle
____ surrounds each fasicle
____ surrounds each Myofibril

Back 16

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

Front 17

Alpha Motor neurons innervate ___ ,while Gamma Motor neurons innervate ___

Back 17

Muscle Cells
Muscle Spindles

Front 18

A large myelinated axon can conduct at ___m/sec

Back 18

15-120m/sec

Front 19

<___ for delicate precise work
>___ for powerful less precise contractions

Back 19

<10 for precise
>100 for powerful

Front 20

Stretch receptors are organized in ____ to muscle cells

Back 20

Parallel

Front 21

Alpha Motor Neuron Propogates at ___ m/sec
Gamma Motor Neuron propogates at ___ m/sec

Back 21

15-120m/sec for alpha
10-45m/sec for gamma

Front 22

____ is the amount of force development/ the time to peak tension

____ is the period of time for muscles to come back to normal

Back 22

Contraction Phase

Relaxation Phase

Front 23

_____ stops the propogation of AP which is caused by acetylcholine

Back 23

Acetylcholine Esterase- an enzyme at the endplate

Front 24

Muscles shorten at most to ___% of original length

Back 24

70% (they shorten 30%)

Front 25

Actin is a ___ protein that binds ___

Back 25

globular (6)

myosin

Front 26

Troponin binds ____

Tropomyosin binds ___

Back 26

Calcium

Actin

Front 27

True or False: Muscle proteins can only slide past each other

Back 27

True - don't shorten they just slide past each other- myosin head pulls on actin filament

Front 28

The fact that muscle fibres just shorten is called ____

Back 28

Sliding Filament Model

Front 29

The bi-directional propogation along the sarcolemma happens at __m/sec

Back 29

6m/sec

Front 30

True or False: If Ryanodine receptor stops working you cannot be paralyzed

Back 30

False- stops working then paralyzed, stop breathing

Front 31

___ is a Ca rlease channel

Back 31

Ryanodine receptor

Front 32

___ is present on the t-tubule and associates with ___ of the ____

Back 32

DHP (Dihydropyridine) receptor
Ryanodine of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 33

True or False: The DHP receptor senses a increase in membrane polarity.

Back 33

False- senses depolarization of membrane

Front 34

___ states that under resting conditions there is no interaction of myosin with actin

Back 34

Steric Hindrance Model

Front 35

___ is the rate limiting step in the cross bridge cycle

Back 35

Detachment of Myosin Head

Front 36

___ is when you have no detachment of the myosin head

Back 36

Rigamortis

Front 37

Myosin head acts as an ___

Back 37

ATPase

Front 38

____ weakens binding b/w thick + thin filament and stops interaction

Back 38

ATP

Front 39

The Release of ADP and P causes ___

Back 39

Myosin to Pull (Contraction)

Front 40

____ binds to troponin to move _____ out of the way so ____ can interact with myosin

Back 40

Ca, tropomyosin, actin

Front 41

Four Features of Cross Bridge Cycle:
-__
-__
-__
-__

Back 41

-Attachment/Detachment Cycle
-Powerstroke (Myosin pulls)
-Calcium switch
-Energy used in form of ATP

Front 42

The amount of force developed depends on : ___ and ___

Back 42

Force of an individual cycle and the numer of cross bridges working

Front 43

True or False: If you stretch a muscle you increase overlap b/w actin and myosin and therfore decrease the number of Cross Bridges that can form, decreasing force

Back 43

False- you decrease overlap (stretch)to decrease force

Front 44

For muscles the max force development is at ___

Back 44

resting length

Front 45

Factors Influencing Force Development of Muscle:
-__
-__
-__
-__

Back 45

-initial muscle length
-freq of stimulation
-fatigue(duration of activity)
-cell cross-section