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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a pathogen?
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Microorganisms that cause disease. |
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How do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill?
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Reproduce in the body damage cells and release toxins.
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How do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?
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Ingest pathogens and destroy them, produce antibodies and antitoxins.
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How does immunity develop?
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Antigens – unique proteins on a pathogen cell surface, white blood cells produce antibodies to join up with antigens on a pathogen.
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What impact did Semmelweiss’ research have?
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He made the doctors wash their hands in chlorine water. There was a huge decrease in the number of deaths
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How are painkillers useful?
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They relieve symptoms of an infection or illness
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What are antibiotics are what can they be used for?
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Overuse of antibiotics can cause resistant bacteria to develop.
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Why is it so difficult to treat viral infections?
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Viruses live inside body cells
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How do individual pathogens develop resistance?
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During antibiotic treatment less resistant bacteria killed first, more resistant bacteria remain and will re-infect if full course of antibiotics not taken
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Describe the action vaccinations on the body?
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Given a weak/dead form of the pathogen. White blood cells (WBC’s) produce antibodies. Pathogen is destroyed.
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What does the MMR vaccine protect people against?
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MMR vaccine is used to protect against measles, mumps and rubella.
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Why must petri dishes be sterilised before use?
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To kill any microorganisms already on the dishes.
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When using inoculating loops to transfer bacteria what must be done to avoid contamination?
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The loop must be heated in a flame
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Why must petri dishes be taped shut?
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To stop microorganisms getting in or out
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What is the maximum temperature that cultures can be incubated to in a school?
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Must be incubated at 25°C max.
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Why is this?
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It reduces risk of growth of pathogens that might be harmful to humans
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