Hospital Corpsman Assignment 1 Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

When the body is in the anatomical
position, the thumbs point
1. medially
2. laterally
3. anteriorly
4. posteriorly

Back 1

laterally

Front 2

A person lying on his/her back is in what position?
1. Prone
2. Erect
3. Supine
4. Lateral recumbent

Back 2

Supine

Front 3

The physical and chemical breakdown of the food we eat is called
1. digestion
2. metabolism
3. anabolism
4. catabolism

Back 3

digestion

Front 4

The transfer of fluids across the plasma membrane of a cell from an area of lower
concentration to an area of higher concentration is a process known as
1. infusion
2. diffusion
3. perfusion
4. osmosis

Back 4

osmosis- The tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.

Front 5

Homeostasis is defined as
1. control of bleeding
2. absorption, storage, and use of food products
3. self-regulated control of the body’s internal environment
4. the power of voluntary movement

Back 5

Self-regulated control of the body’s internal environment

Front 6

That portion of a cell containing all the genetic material important in the cell’s reproduction is called the
1. plasma membrane
2. nucleus
3. cytoplasm
4. reticulated endothelium

Back 6

nucleus

Front 7

What type of tissue is known as the lining tissue of the body?
1. Connective
2. Areolar
3. Sebaceous
4. Epithelial

Back 7

The lining tissue of the body is called epithelium.

Front 8

The secretion of digestive fluids and the absorption of digested foods and liquids is
the chief function of which tissue?
1. Columnar
2. Osseus
3. Sercus
4. Squamous

Back 8

In the digestive system, the chief function of columnar tissue is the secretion of digestive fluids and the absorption of nutrients from digested foods.

Front 9

Because this tissue is continuous throughout the body, if an infection were
allowed to spread, it could reach every area of the body by moving through which of
the following tissues?
1. Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Osseous
4. Fibrous

Back 9

Adipose

Front 10

Which of the following are the two most prominent mineral elements of bone?
1. Ossein and calcium
2. Phosphorus and calcium
3. Sodium and phosphorus
4. Periosteum and ossein

Back 10

Phosphorus and calcium-Bone is made up of inorganic mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus being the most prevalent) and an organic substance called ossein.

Front 11

The bones of the wrist are classified as which of the following bones?
1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular

Back 11

Short bones-wrist and ankle bones

Front 12

Bones of the cranium include which of the following?
1. Maxilla
2. Occipital
3. Atlas and axis
4. All of the above

Back 12

Occipital

Front 13

The appendicular skeleton is composed of the bones of the
1. skull and vertebral column
2. thorax and vertebral column
3. pelvis and thorax
4. upper and lower extremities

Back 13

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities.

Front 14

The upper three ribs on each side are known as which of the following types of
ribs?
1. True
2. False
3. Floating
4. Sternal

Back 14

The first seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs.

Front 15

The head of the humerus is called the
1. scapula
2. acetabulum
3. glenoid fossa
4. epicondyle

Back 15

glenoid fossa

Front 16

The innominate bone is composed of three parts that are united in adults to form a
cuplike structure called the
1. glenoid fossa
2. acetabulum
3. symphysis pubis
4. obturator foramen

Back 16

In children these three parts are separate bones, but in adults they are firmly united to form a cuplike structure, called the acetabulum, into which the head of the femur fits.

Front 17

The prominences easily felt on the inner and outer aspects of the ankle are called
1. medial and lateral malleolus
2. medial and lateral condyles
3. greater and lesser tuberosities
4. greater and lesser trochanters

Back 17

medial and lateral malleolus

Front 18

Bones that develop within a tendon are known as which of the following?
1. Condyloid
2. Sesamoid
3. Vermiform
4. Falsiform

Back 18

Bones like the patella that develop within a tendon are known as sesamoid bones.

Front 19

Moving an extremity away from the body is called
1. flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. adduction

Back 19

Abduction—moving an extremity away from the body.

Front 20

The act of straightening a limb is known as
1. flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. adduction

Back 20

Extension—straightening or unbending, as in, traightening the forearm, leg, or fingers.

Front 21

The primary function of the muscles includes all of the following EXCEPT
1. providing heat during activity
2. maintaining body posture
3. producing red blood cells
4. providing movement

Back 21

3. producing red blood cells

Front 22

The ability of muscles to regain their original form when stretched is known as
1. contractiblity
2. elasticity
3. extensibility
4. tonicity

Back 22

Muscles are also capable of stretching when force is applied (extensibility) and regaining their original form when that force is removed (elasticity).

Front 23

Actin and myosin are the two protein substances involved in
1. muscle recovery
2. muscle nourishment
3. muscle contraction
4. rigor mortis

Back 23

In the contraction stage, two protein substances (actin and myosin) react to provide energy through the breakdown of glycogen into lactic acid.

Front 24

Which of the following properties describes the ability of muscles to respond to a stimulus?
1. Contractility
2. Irritability
3. Extensibility
4. Tonicity

Back 24

All muscles respond to stimulus. This property is called excitability or irritability.

Front 25

If a generally sedentary person in less than good physical condition enters a marathon with intent to complete the race, which of the following outcomes can he/she be expected to encounter?
1. If the day is cool, there will be no significant risk
2. Any physical deficiency can be overcome with a carbohydrate-rich diet before the race
3. If stretching exercises are performed before the race, he/she will be ok
4. He/she runs the risk of muscle damage

Back 25

He/she runs the risk of muscle damage

Front 26

Intramuscular injections are frequently given in which of the following muscles?
1. Trapezius
2. Pectoralis majoris
3. Deltoid
4. All of the above

Back 26

Deltoid

Front 27

Intramuscular injections are usually given in which of the following muscles?
1. Quadriceps
2. Sartorius
3. Gastrocnemius
4. Gluteus maximus

Back 27

Gluteus maximus

Front 28

The body’s primary thermo-regulatory action is a function of dilating and contracting blood vessels and the
1. stratum germinativum
2. sweat glands
3. sebaceous glands
4. melanin

Back 28

sweat glands

Front 29

The total blood volume in the average adult is in what ranges?
1. 3 to 4 liters
2. 4 to 5 liters
3. 5 to 6 liters
4. 6 to 7 liters

Back 29

Total blood volume of the average adult is 5 to 6 liters.

Front 30

A decreased red blood cell (RBC) count could be the result of a medical condition
affecting the
1. compact bone
2. periosteum
3.
4. red marrow

Back 30

Red marrow is one of the manufacturing centers of red blood cells and is found in the articular ends of long bones and in cancellous tissue.

Front 31

Blood of the average female adult contains (a) how many million RBCs per (b) what
unit?
1. (a) 4.5 (b) mm3
2. (a) 6.0 (b) cm3
3. (a) 4.5 (b) 1
4. (a) 4.5 (b) low power field

Back 31

Women have fewer red cells, 4.5 million per cubic millimeter.

Front 32

A white blood cell (WBC) count of 18,000 may indicate what condition?
1. Leukocytosis
2. Normalcy
3. Infection
4. Vetiligo

Back 32

Normal WBC count is 6,000 to 8,000 per cubic millimeter, although the number of white cells may be 15,000 to 20,000 or higher during infection. When white cells are undermanned, more are produced, causing an,increase in their number and a condition known as leukocytosis.

Front 33

In an accident victim suffering from a fibrinogen deficiency, the rescuer may have difficulty performing which of the actions
listed below?
1. Controlling hemorrhage
2. Immobilizing a fracture
3. Supporting respiratory function
4. Reducing a dislocation

Back 33

Controlling hemorrhage a proteins, fibrinogen, contributes to coagulation.

Front 34

In addition to preventing excessive blood loss, the formation of a blood clot serves
which, if any, of the following purposes?
1. To convert fibrinogen into blood serum to aid healing
2. To form the foundation for new tissue growth
3. To manufacture leukocytes
4. None of the above

Back 34

To form the foundation for new tissue growth "A clot also serves as a network for the growth of new tissues in the process of healing."

Front 35

The valves of the heart include all of the following EXCEPT
1. atrial
2. mitral
3. tricuspid
4. pulmonary

Back 35

Tricuspid valve
Mitral, or bicuspid, valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

Front 36

Oxygenated blood is carried by which of the following vein(s)?
1. Inferior vena cava
2. Superior vena cava
3. Portal
4. Pulmonary

Back 36

The left atrium receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle past the mitral valve.

Front 37

The contraction phase of the heart is
1. systole
2. tension
3. diastole
4. active

Back 37

Contraction of the heart is called systole or “the period of work.” Relaxation of the heart is called diastole or “the period of rest.”

Front 38

The pulse pressure is the difference between which of the following measurements?
1. Venous and arterial pressure
2. Resting and active pulse rate
3. Arterial and ventricular pressure
4. Systole and diastole

Back 38

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is known as pulse pressure.

Front 39

The venous system that carries digested materials from the intestinal tract is called the
1. portal
2. pulmonary
3. abdominal
4. pelvi

Back 39

The portal system consists of the veins that drain venous blood from the abdominal part of the digestive tract—the spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder, but not the lower rectum—and deliver it to the liver.

Front 40

Lymph nodes participate in all of the following functions EXCEPT
1. manufacture of white blood cells
2. filtration of bacterial debris
3. production of hormones
4. collection of large protein molecules

Back 40

manufacture of white blood cells

Front 41

Windpipe is another term for
1. nares
2. larynx
3. trachea
4. pharynx

Back 41

The trachea, or windpipe, begins at the lower end of the larynx and terminates by dividing into the right and left bronchi.

Front 42

The primary muscle of respiration is known as the
1. pleura
2. alveolus
3. diaphragm
4. mediastinum

Back 42

The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration.

Front 43

Of the following nerves, which, if any, controls the larynx during the process of
breathing?
1. Phrenic
2. Intercostal
3. Vagus
4. None of the above

Back 43

The nerve that controls the diaphragm is called the phrenic nerve; the nerve that controls the larynx is the vagus nerve; and the
nerves that control the muscles between the ribs are the intercostal nerves.

Front 44

A nerve cell, or neuron, is composed of all of the following EXCEPT a/an
1. synapse
2. axon
3. cyton
4. dendrite

Back 44

The neuron is composed of dendrites, a cyton, and an axon.

Front 45

The impulse receptors of a nerve are called
1. dendrites
2. Schwann cells
3. ganglia
4. neurons

Back 45

The dendrites are thin receptive branches, and vary greatly in size, shape, and number with different types of neurons. They serve as receptors, conveying impulses toward the cyton.

Front 46

The space through which a nerve impulse passes from one neuron to another is called
a/an
1. myelin sheath
2. synapse
3. axon
4. ganglion

Back 46

myelin sheath

Front 47

Balance, coordination of movement, and harmony of motion are functions of what
part of the brain?
1. Cerebral cortex
2. Cerebellum
3. Pons
4. Temporal lobe

Back 47

The cerebellum is concerned chiefly with bringing balance, harmony, and coordination to the motions initiated by the cerebrum.

Front 48

Circulation and respiration are controlled primarily from what area of the brain?
1. Medulla oblongata
2. Pons
3. Cerebellum
4. Cerebrum

Back 48

In the medulla oblongata are the centers for the control of heart action, breathing, circulation, and other vital processes such as blood pressure.

Front 49

The meninges, membrane layers covering of the brain and spinal cord, are composed
of all of the following EXCEPT the
1. dura mater
2. pia mater
3. arachnoid
4. foramen magnum

Back 49

The dura mater is the strong
outer layer; the arachnoid membrane is the elicate middle layer; and the pia mater is the vascular inner-most layer that adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Front 50

In what part of the body is cerebral spinal fluid produced?
1. Ventricles of the brain
2. Spinal cord
3. Meninges
4. Medulla oblongata

Back 50

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by a plexus, or network, of blood vessels in the central ventricles of the brain.