Horticulture

Front 1

What is sustainable gardening (2 parts of the definition)?

Back 1

1) minimize the long term negative impact on the environment

2)Encourage the diversity of plants, insects, and animals to share your garden

Front 2

What are 3 ways to create a sustainable garden?

Back 2

use native plants, reduce size of lawn, and use organic approach

Front 3

96% of our native birds rely on what?

Back 3

insects and spiders to feed their young

Front 4

Our native birds and insects have evolved together along with our ________

Back 4

native plants

Front 5

2 reasons you should plant trees in your garden

Back 5

trees clean the air removing pollutants

and they provide shade for other plants that need less sun

Front 6

How is carbon removed from the air?

Back 6

by trees through photosynthesis

Front 7

Why should you reduce your lawn?

Back 7

too much water and pesticides goes into lawn care

Front 8

What are some solutions to reducing your lawn?

Back 8

put in a flower bed, herbs, or veggies

use a ground cover of ferns or a meadow of flowers

during dry spells let your lawn go dormant

plant plants that are drought tolerant (lavender,grasses, sedum)

Front 9

Organic gardening is more ____, ______, and ____

Back 9

economical, healthy, and eco-friendly

Front 10

Organic gardening avoids ____, which upsets natures balance

Back 10

synthetic chemicals

Front 11

Organic gardening does not use unwanted ____ or _____ to plants or soil, and limits the intake of ____________

Back 11

fertilizer or pesticide to plants or soil; chemicals

Front 12

Insect killers are also known as ______

Back 12

pesticides

Front 13

Weed killers are also known as _____

Back 13

herbicides

Front 14

3 ways that indoor plants have a positive impact

Back 14

1. creates a tranquil environment

2. links outdoor nature with indoor space

3. improves indoor air quality

Front 15

Houseplants convert CO2 to O2 and also?

Back 15

trap and absorb pollutants in your home

Front 16

What are common indoor pollutants ?

Back 16

CO2 and nitrous oxide, benzene, and formadehyde

Front 17

CO2 and Nitrous Oxide are byproducts of

Back 17

cigarette smoke

Front 18

Benzene is a solvent in what?

Back 18

paint, plastic, and synthetic fabrics

Front 19

Formaldehyde is found in?

Back 19

carpet insulation and fire retardants

Front 20

NASA research tested 50 plants to see which were most effective in removing toxins in a sealed chamber. Almost every plant reduced toxins to some degree, but one plant removed 96% of carbon dioxide and 99% of nitrous oxide. Which plant was this?

Back 20

spider plant

Front 21

What are 4 environmental limitations for growing indoor plants?

Back 21

Light, temperature, humidity, and watering issues

Front 22

Without sufficient light to ______, plants will die indoors.

Back 22

make food

Front 23

plants should not be left where? and for how long?

Back 23

in low light locations for more than 2 weeks at a time

Front 24

If you bring indoor plants outside, what must you do to acclimate the plants?

Back 24

Go from sun, to partial sun, to shade

Front 25

What are some solutions to poor lighting?

Back 25

put in a brighter areas, use florescent lights or cool white lights, dust off plant leaves occasionally and rotate plant on window sill to balance growth

Front 26

When you have outdoor plants, what kind of temperatures are they exposed to?

Back 26

high daytime temperatures combined with hgih light intensity

Front 27

What does that amount of light and temp do for the plants?

Back 27

speeds up photosynthesis and growth

Front 28

When you have indoor plants, low light, high temperatures result in what?

Back 28

limited photosynthesis but high respiration (burning of carbs)

Front 29

Respiration increases at ___ ___.

Back 29

higher temps

Front 30

You can slow respiration by doing what? otherwise what might happen?

Back 30

lowering temperature around plant; can't produce enough food

Front 31

What are some temperature solutions for indoor plantS?

Back 31

set overnight temperature at 60-62 degrees; close heat vent below your plant; rely on tropical plants instead

Front 32

What is indoor humidity like? This causes plant to do what?

Back 32

15-20%; lose water more rapidly

Front 33

A possible symptom of low humidity?

Back 33

brown leaf tips

Front 34

Brown leaf tips is also a symptom of using what?

Back 34

chlorinated water

Front 35

To make sure your using water that is unchlorinated, what shoudl you do?

Back 35

put your water in a watering can and let it sit over night to let the gas evaporate

Front 36

Some solutions to low humidity:

Back 36

use humidifier, mist plants weekly, place plants in gravel trays containing water

Front 37

Don't water until the bottom _______ of the plant begins to dry out. How should you test this?

Back 37

2/3; place finger 1-2 inches into the soil. Don't water unless it feels dry

Front 38

Always use a container for planting that has what? When you water, make sure what?

Back 38

a hole in the bottom. make sure the water runs out the bottom to ensure that the roots get water

Front 39

Succulents have what kind of leaves?

Back 39

thick, drought tolerant

Front 40

Succulents need less ____ and ____ than other plants.

Back 40

water and fertilizer

Front 41

Succulents need well _____ potting mix and a ___ location

Back 41

drained; sunny

Front 42

Sexual propagation =

Back 42

seeds

Front 43

Asexual propagation=

Back 43

vegetative

Front 44

Mature seeds _____ as they ripen

Back 44

darken

Front 45

How do seeds collect in nature?

Back 45

seed pods split open or fruit drops to the ground and rots

Front 46

How should you collect and store your seeds?

Back 46

collect seeds and dry for several days, then store in glass jar or freezer bags in the fridge throughout the winter

Front 47

Storing the seeds in the fridge provides what?

Back 47

cold treatment, and it mimiics nature

Front 48

How does cold treatment mimic nature?

Back 48

although seeds are produced at the end of season, nature delays germination until conditions are favorable for growth

Front 49

when go through cold treatment, they develop a hard exterior that is impervious to what? this prevents what?

Back 49

water absorption, preventing premature germination

Front 50

Over the winter, the seed coat is scratched up by what?

Back 50

freezing and thawing, microorganisms, and by chemicals in the soil

Front 51

This scratching allows what?

Back 51

germination and water to get in

Front 52

Cold treatment is also called what?

Back 52

stratification

Front 53

What 4 things do you need to grow plants from seeds? What does this mimic?

Back 53

potting mix, warmth (heating mat) , adequate moisture, and bright filtered light; spring

Front 54

Once the seedlings are growing, they can be planted when?

Back 54

when they have a good root system and outside conditions are warm enough

Front 55

WHat do you need to do to the seedlings before you plant them?

Back 55

harden them off for 7 days - acclimate them to new conditions

Front 56

What is the process of "hardening off"

Back 56

move from indoor to outdoor in 7 to 10 days; first 1-2 hours outside, then 3-6 hours etc

Front 57

Young seedlings are very vulnerable to what?

Back 57

lack of moisture and to frost and high temps

Front 58

After you plant them, you must do what to protect them?

Back 58

keep moist, shelter from frost and sun

Front 59

What is vegetative propagation?

Back 59

it involves use of plant parts, leaves, stems, and rooms

Front 60

Advantages to vegetative propagation?

Back 60

identical parent = a mature plant sooner

Front 61

Stem leaf or root cuttings are taken from a plant to?

Back 61

regenerate roots and grow a new plant

Front 62

Cuttings are usually taken in late fall through early spring from?

Back 62

mature wood of past seasons growth, then stored in fridge over winter and rooted in rooting medium

Front 63

by the next fall, they will finally

Back 63

root