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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types and dimensions of Workshop Doors? |
Double sliding or rolling. 3.2m high x 4.5m wide. |
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Workshop floor finish? |
Wooden or finer glass float finish (not polished steel float finish). |
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Types of lifts in Workshop? |
Rotary Lift (with safe working load marked, better than inspection shaft, use in association with Yankee Vertical Transmission jack, height of machine nb) Scissors lift (portable, air lift v hydraulic, ideal for pedestrian machines) Portable Gantry Lift
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5 Workshop Rules and Regs |
PPE No children No smoking Safe practices No liquid storage Fire protection equipment in place and checked annually All hand tools returned Clean floors |
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Safe Systems of Work on a Tractor (8)? |
Know your controls Correct Speed Stop if Danger - Safe Stop Safe on and Off Concentrate on job Seat Belt Passengers secured in own seat No young children |
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Safe on and Off (9)? |
Safe stop Use nearside door where possible Get out facing inwards Three points of contact Do not jump from the cab Keep cabin floor, pedals, doors, steps and boots clean and free from mud Do not keep tools or drawbar pins or top links on tractor floor Never get on or off a moving tractor |
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Tractor five minute check? |
Engine oil Transmission oil Mirrors Lights Wheel air and threads Radiator coolant Fan belt Brake pedals locked Clear can floor Clean windows Hydraulics collapsed PTO linkage secured. |
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Safe Stop procedure (6) |
Bring tractor to a stop in a safe place Apply handbrake Disengage gear and shuttle Lower implements Switch engine off Remove the key |
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Muck on roads law? |
Section 13 Roads Traffic Act 1993 |
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Driving a tractor uphill (12)? |
Lock tractor brakes Connect trailer brakes Engage four wheel drive Lower implements Keep as much weight uphill as possible Consider reversing down hill if front loaded. Consider use of ballast Don’t change gear Drive up and down in the same direction Set wheel to widest width Keep an eye on ground conditions No inexperienced drivers |
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Aims of ploughing (6)? |
Bury trash Including P&Ss Incorporating FYM Plough to desired depth for new plant growth Facilitate seedbed creation with minimum machinery passes Improve drainage and air movement Improve soil structure damaged by heavy machinery |
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Advantages of ploughing (3) |
Reduces pesticide use (re weeds and P&D) Cost saving accordingly Good weed control |
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Ploughing disadvantages (5)? |
Soil compaction, structure damage, reduces porosity Plough pan Introduce top soil Damage to earthworms - nutrients in worm-casts Bringing weed seed to the surface |
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Two types of plough (3/4)? |
Conventional Reversible - both can be mounted or semi-mounted Articulated |
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Parts of a plough (11) |
Headstock Turnover ram Beam Leg frog Disc coulter Skim coulter Mould board Landside Share Heel iron |
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Parts of a mouldboard (8)? |
Mouldboard Mouldboard stay Frog Shin Wing Point Tailpiece Landslide |
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Advantages of a Power Harrow (5)? |
Can prepare a seedbed on unploughed land without bringing up unweathered soil Can ‘force’ a tilt when other cultivation equipment can’t be used. Is better for levelling the ground Doesn’t create a pan like the rotary cultivator Doesn’t propagate weeds such as scutch grass
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Disadvantages of a Power Harrow (2): |
Not good at breaking up crop residues (eg Brussels Sprouts) High purchase price maintenance and horse power required |
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Advantages of Rotary Cultivator (7)? |
Produces a fine tilt in one pass Which reduces possible comparison from heavy machinery Good for control of weeds on headland Some models can be modified to control weeds between crop rows Good for breaking up heavy soil that has dried up on the surface Good for potatoes as it pulverises the soil before destoning Good for incorporating pesticides |
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Advantages of Rotary Cultivator (7)? |
Produces a fine tilt in one pass Which reduces possible comparison from heavy machinery Good for control of weeds on headland Some models can be modified to control weeds between crop rows Good for breaking up heavy soil that has dried up on the surface Good for potatoes as it pulverises the soil before destoning Good for incorporating pesticides |
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Rotary Cultivator Disadvantages (6)? |
Cost Power and fuel requirement Fluffy seedbed needs firming Propagates weeds such as scutch Soil smearing/plough pan Soul structure damage |
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Parts of a rotary cultivator ( )? |
PTO Shaft Slip Clutch Bevel gearbox Chain/gear drive (sprocket) Rotor Flange Cutting blade Depth wheel Trailing board |
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Parts of a rotary cultivator ( )? |
PTO Shaft Slip Clutch Bevel gearbox Chain/gear drive (sprocket) Rotor Flange Cutting blade Depth wheel Trailing board |
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Setting up a plough x10? |
Front wheel width on tractor is 2-10cm wider than at rear Air pressure of rear wheels is equal Draft arms of the tractor are level Weights - balance and traction add ballast if needed Plough points are even Ensure the depth wheel doesn’t touch the ground when turning the plough over Watch hoses don’t get trapped when turning the plough over Disc coulters and skim coulters equally set on all bodies Disc counters should not be more than half the plough depth Beam at right angles to the ground Check that ploughing depth is equal on both side. |
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What is a subsoiler? |
Drawn through soil to burst open compacted zones. It leaves cracks which remain open. The share can be replaced with a cylindrical mole to create a mole plough. Can be mounted or trailed. |
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What is a subsoiler? |
Drawn through soil to burst open compacted zones. It leaves cracks which remain open. The share can be replaced with a cylindrical mole to create a mole plough. Can be mounted or trailed. |
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Advantages of a subsoiler (6)? |
Relieves compaction Breaks up plough pans Improves drainage Improves aeration Improves root penetration Increases crop yields- healthier plants |
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Disadvantages of a subsoiler? |
Breaks up old stone land drains Destroys soil more if timing is wrong Cost: - needs horse power. Contractor using three or more legs may be required. |
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Components of an irrigation system (7)? |
Water source Pump Tank Controller Pump Transportation Applicator |
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Key components of an overhead irrigation system (9)? |
Water supply Filter Pump Control panel Solenoids or taps Wind sensor Rain sensor Pipe work Nozzle type |
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Describe a dosatron (6)? |
Provides liquid feed or pesticide to plants at set concentrations Can also be used to apply nemotodes (need to remove filters first) Installed between pump and drip system Works on water pressure Stock made up to 100 concentration rates Changeable dilution rates |
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Why is field irrigation necessary (7)? |
Seed germination Plant establishment Yield Quality Cultural operations/applications: fertilisers/herbicides Continuity of water supply Supplements lack of natural precipitation |
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What is field capacity? |
Amount of water the soil can hold after saturation when all water is allowed to drain away by gravity. |
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What is field capacity? |
Amount of water the soil can hold after saturation when all water is allowed to drain away by gravity. |
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What is moisture holding capacity? |
The amount of water held in the soil at field capacity. |
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What is soil moisture deficit? |
The amount of rain/water needed to bring the soil back to field capacity. |
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What is soil moisture deficit? |
The amount of rain/water needed to bring the soil back to field capacity. |
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What is evapotranspiration? |
The amount of water lost from the soil as water vapour through the processes of both evaporation and transpiration. Can be calculated from weather data using universal standards. |
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What is the permanent wilting point? |
Bla bla |
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What is ‘Available water’? |
The moisture in the rioting zone that is available to be taken up by plants, between the field capacity and permanent wilting point. |
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What is ‘Available water’? |
The moisture in the rioting zone that is available to be taken up by plants, between the field capacity and permanent wilting point. |
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Two measures of water pipes? |
Pressure rating Schedule - denotes wall thickness. |
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What is ‘Available water’? |
The moisture in the rioting zone that is available to be taken up by plants, between the field capacity and permanent wilting point. |
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Two measures of water pipes? |
Pressure rating Schedule - denotes wall thickness. |
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Two types of water pipe? |
Blue MDPE (Medium Density Polyethylene Pipe) Black LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene Pipe) |
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Most suitable type of pump for horticultural irrigation system? |
Centrifugal pump |
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Four types of mowers? |
Flail mower Cylinder mower Rotary mover Reciprocating mower |
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Parts of a cylinder mower? |
Shaft Cylinder Reel blade Bed blade Bed shaft Front roller Back roller |
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Parts of a cylinder mower? |
Shaft Cylinder Reel blade Bed blade Bed shaft Front roller Back roller |
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What is FOC? |
Frequency of cut - measured in cuts per metre |
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What is an accu-gauge? |
Used to adjust the height of a cylinder mower - precision cutting. |
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How to increase the FOC (3)? |
Smaller the cylinder, more blades, faster turning speed. |
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Three types of machines used in turf maintenance? |
Groomer - to 0 mm Verti-cutter - to 2mm Scarifyer - to 25mm |
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What is thatch (4 points)? |
Bla bla Naturally occurring Problem arises when accumulation out-paces decomposition 15mm acceptable on a golf green. 25mm a problem. |
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Factors effecting build up of thatch (8)? |
Organic matter build up - grass cuttings Shade - moss Acid soil Grass type - stoloniferous creeping bent grass. Poor aeration Poor drainage Compaction Excessive use of nitrogen fertiliser Use of worm killer and fungicides |
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Definition of scarifying? |
Cutting the grass in the vertical plane. The blades of the scarifier will penetrate the swarth down to the soil surface and may penetrate into the soil below. |
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Definition of verti-cutter? |
Cutting the grass in the vertical plane. The blades of the scarifier will penetrate the swarth but don’t penetrate into the soil below. |
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Definition of verti-cutter? |
Cutting the grass in the vertical plane. The blades of the scarifier will penetrate the swarth but don’t penetrate into the soil below. |
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When to scarify? |
End of the growing season. |
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Definition of verti-cutter? |
Cutting the grass in the vertical plane. The blades of the scarifier will penetrate the swarth but don’t penetrate into the soil below. |
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When to scarify? |
End of the growing season. |
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When to verti-cut? |
Normally every 7-14 days in the growing season. Unless stressed due to drought, or grass is weak. |
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Definition of verti-cutter? |
Cutting the grass in the vertical plane. The blades of the scarifier will penetrate the swarth but don’t penetrate into the soil below. |
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When to scarify? |
End of the growing season. |
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When to verti-cut? |
Normally every 7-14 days in the growing season. Unless stressed due to drought, or grass is weak. |
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Definition of grooming? |
Blades penetrate the surface of the grass sward only forcing the shoots and leaves into a vertical position. The blades on the cutting wheel just behind the groomers then cut the grass before it returns to the horizontal position. |
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7 types of turf aerators? |
Hollow core, solid core. Drill and fill Water injection verti-drain Slitters- slit tine aeration Mole ploughs Air injection |
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7 types of turf aerators? |
Hollow core, solid core. Drill and fill Water injection verti-drain Slitters- slit tine aeration Mole ploughs Air injection |
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Types of air injection aerators? |
Air 2G2 Air Probe Airter Sisi Aer Aid Robin Dagger |
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7 types of turf aerators? |
Hollow core, solid core. Drill and fill Water injection verti-drain Slitters- slit tine aeration Mole ploughs Air injection |
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Types of air injection aerators? |
Air 2G2 Air Probe Airter Sisi Aer Aid Robin Dagger |
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When and where is a verti-drain used? |
Racecourses and pitches once a year - not within a week of a horse race Parks after concerts Greens and tees and fairways - once a year in winter. |
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Definition of a precision seeder? |
Sows single seeds at predetermined spacings so reducing the quantity of seed required. |
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Definition of a precision seeder? |
Sows single seeds at predetermined spacings so reducing the quantity of seed required. |
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Types of precision seeders? |
Vacuum Disk Belt Cell wheel |
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Vacuum precision seeder parts: |
Hopper Chain drive Floating clod deflector Front wheel Coulter Vacuum plate or disc Coverer Press wheel Rear wheel Scraper |
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How to modify the spacing on a vacuum precision seeder? |
Change plate or disc Change gear rotation on master wheel Increase the number of hoppers and discs on each headstock Adjust spacing on tool bar to insert more headstock |
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Common make of belt precision seeder? |
Stanhay |
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Parts of a belt precision seeder? |
Hopper Choke Belt Belt tensioner Spring base Repeller wheel Drive wheel |
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Brand of destoner? |
Grimme |
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Brand of destoner? |
Grimme |
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Three things to say about a destoner? |
Star agitators Belts Windrowing the stones. |
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Parts of a cup feed planter (5)? |
Hopper Choke Cup Depth wheel Coulter Covering disc |
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Parts of a cup feed planter (5)? |
Hopper Choke Cup Depth wheel Coulter Covering disc |
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Types of potato planters? |
Cup feed Belt feed |
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?? Things about a structural belt planter? |
Uses 24 to 28 belts for each planting row Belts form a trough that sort seed potatoes into a single winnowed row. Belts rotate at different speeds and directions Centre 4-6 belts are the planting beds (move in one direction) other belts (moving in opposite direction) are the feeding belts |
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?? Things about a structural belt planter? |
Uses 24 to 28 belts for each planting row Belts form a trough that sort seed potatoes into a single winnowed row. Belts rotate at different speeds and directions Centre 4-6 belts are the planting beds (move in one direction) other belts (moving in opposite direction) are the feeding belts |
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Two types of transplanters? |
Bare root transplanters Module transplanters (conical cup most common) |
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?? Things about a structural belt planter? |
Uses 24 to 28 belts for each planting row Belts form a trough that sort seed potatoes into a single winnowed row. Belts rotate at different speeds and directions Centre 4-6 belts are the planting beds (move in one direction) other belts (moving in opposite direction) are the feeding belts |
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Two types of transplanters? |
Bare root transplanters Module transplanters (conical cup most common) |
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Things to say about Transplantors in general (3)? |
Semi automatic Each transplantor unit plants one row - can have up to seven rows on a machine Although spacing of plants is predetermined, plants have to fed into machine by hand. |
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?? Things about a structural belt planter? |
Uses 24 to 28 belts for each planting row Belts form a trough that sort seed potatoes into a single winnowed row. Belts rotate at different speeds and directions Centre 4-6 belts are the planting beds (move in one direction) other belts (moving in opposite direction) are the feeding belts |
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Two types of transplanters? |
Bare root transplanters Module transplanters (conical cup most common) |
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Things to say about Transplantors in general (3)? |
Semi automatic Each transplantor unit plants one row - can have up to seven rows on a machine Although spacing of plants is predetermined, plants have to fed into machine by hand. |
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Things to say about Bare Toot Transplanters ( )? |
Main parts are a coulter, plant conveyor and two rear packer wheels (press wheels) which place the plant in the correct position. Operator places individual plants into gripper pockets on a chain which conveys them to the wheels which plants them in narrow slit in soil opened by coulter.
Standard coulter, but with two rearward projecting slide plates that hold soil open. |
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Things to say about Module Transplanter? |
Operator fills conical shaped revolving cups 4-14 cups per feeder Each unit can hold 4 modular trays Plant is placed in cup, bottom of which opens when over planting hole. |
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Brand of Aerator |
Toro Procore |
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Brand of Aerator |
Toro Procore |
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Three types of Tine used on an aerator? |
Hollow tine - long and short Solid tine Flat bedded tine |
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Brand of Aerator |
Toro Procore |
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Three types of Tine used on an aerator? |
Hollow tine - long and short Solid tine Flat bedded tine |
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When to use a solid tine? |
When soil smearing is likely |
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Brand of Aerator |
Toro Procore |
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Three types of Tine used on an aerator? |
Hollow tine - long and short Solid tine Flat bedded tine |
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When to use a solid tine? |
When soil smearing is likely |
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When to use a flat bladed tine? |
General turf improvement and root pruning. |
