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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the Thyroid?
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Metabolism regulation
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What is the function of the adrenals?
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Sodium and potassium regulation
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What is the function of the pararthyroids?
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Calcium regulation
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What is the function of the pituitary glad?
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Growth regulation
Gland regulation Reproduction regulation Water regulation (BP) |
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What is Graves disease?
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Hyperthyroidism - hyperactivity of the thyroid gland - release and synthesis of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)
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What are the manifestations of Graves Disease?
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* Intolerance to heat
* Fine straight hair * Exophthalmos * Facial Flushing * Goiter * Tachycardia * W/L - muscle wasting * Localized edema * Diarrhea * Finger Clubbing |
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What medication is given for Graves disease?
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* Trapazole
- Stops T3 and T4 synthesis - takes weeks to work - take with meals * PTU - decreases TH in one hour |
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What drugs does Trapazole interact with?
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* Anticoagulants
* Beta Blockers * DM meds * Digoxin |
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What is thyroid storm?
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hyperthyroidism,hypermetabolismof TH leaving increased levels of T3 and T4 in the blood
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What are the manifestations of Thyroid storm?
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* Hyperpyrexia (inc temp)
* Hypotension * Tachycardia |
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What are the treatments for Thyroid storm?
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*VS
*Cooling blankets *Oxygen (hypotension) *Tachycardia - Lanoxin - Digoxin - Atenolol * Increased TH - PTU (decreases TH) - IV iodine (decreases TH) |
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What is Thyroiditis (Hashimoto)?
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Hypothyroidism, chronic autoimmune disease where the thyroid tissue is replaced by lymphocytes and fibrous tissues
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What are the manifestations of Hashimoto?
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* TH is low and TSH is high
* Suppressed RAIU |
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What are the medications used to treat Hashimoto?
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* Synthroid (replacement hormone)
- take weeks to work - IV 6-8hr onset - Take on empty stomach - Life long therapy |
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What is Myxedema ?
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manifestation of hypothyroidism, accumulation of hydrophilic mucopolysaccharides
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What are the manifestations of myxedemic coma?
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* Mask face
* Periorbital edema * Puffy face * dec LOC * Hypoventilation * Hypotension * Sub normal temperature |
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What are the treatments for Myxedema Coma?
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* LOC
- VS and Glasgow Coma Scale * Hypoventilation - Oxygen * Temperature - Vasopressors (dopamine) * Low TH - IV in divided doses |
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What are the manifestations of hypothyroidism?
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* Intolerance to cold
* Receding hair line * Facial edema * Fatigue * Thick tongue * Goiter * Dry Skin * Constipation * Anorexia |
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What is hyperparathyroidism caused by?
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Non cancerous tumor (adenoma) of the Parathyroid gland
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What are the manifestations of Hyperparathyroidism?
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* no signs
* High Ca >13 * Kidney stones * Accelerated osteoporosis |
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What medication is used for hyperparathyroidism?
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* Calcitonin Salmon (Vit D)
- dec calcium in the blood - Nasal spray causes irritation - Report Muscle twitching - Take at the same time of day * Mithramycin - reduces Ca quickly |
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What are the treatment of Hyperparathyroid Crisis?
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* IV normal saline for excretion through kidneys
* Diuretics (if < 60/40 hold) * Anticalcium Drugs * Mithramycin * Calcitonin |
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What is hypoparathyroidism caused by?
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* Surgery on thyroid
* Decreased blood to glands |
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What are the manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism?
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*R/T tetany (hypocalcemia)
- Tingling in the mouth and fingers - mental status changes - Stridor (laryngeal - dysarthia, dysphagia) - Cardiac Changes (prolonged QT levels) - Chvostek Sign - Trousseau Sign - Hyperreflexia - Seizures |
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What is Chvosteks sign?
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facial muscles flex with light touch to the cheek
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What is trousseau's sign?
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carpal spasm induced by inflating a pressure cuff above the systolic pressure
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What are the medications used for Hypoparathyroidism?
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* Calcitol
- Vit D increases bone growth and absorption of calcium - Not for asthma pts - Be careful with digoxin (can cause altered heart rate) |
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What do you teach the pt for hypoparathyroidism?
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* Life long treatment needed
* Foods high in Ca help - Dark green veges - Soybeans - Tofu * Foods that block calcium absorption - Bran - Whole grains |
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How do you treat Hypoparathyroid Crisis?
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* VS
* Ca Gluconate or chloride - do slowly to prevent dysarrithmias * Cardiac Monitoring * Seizure Precautions * Tracheostomy |
