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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Order of People Studied
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-Ancient Africa and Egypt
-Ancient India and Hinduism and Buddhism -Ancient China/Confucianism/Legalism/Doaism -Ancient Near East/Judaism -Ancient Greece -Ancient Rome -Middle Ages -Islamic Empires/Crusades -High Middle Ages/European Nationalism -Renaissance/Reformation |
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Explain cause and effect
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One event leads to another
Crusades to the high middle ages Fall of Rome to the dark age of the middle ages Church is center and church becomes corrupt |
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What other Isms are important and what are they?
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Humanism- studying greek and roman texts and questioning them. also the heart of man is good. man has potential
Confucianism- 5 relationships. everyone has a duty to fulfill. Doaism- it is everything and it is nothing at the same time. the best kind of government is the kind that governs the least. Legalism- strict rules and harsh punishment. it is better to be feared than loved. official policy of the Qin dynasty Individualism- the individual can do anything and only person who can stop you is you Commercialism- not making your own food or clothes anymore Nationalism- Rise of many different countries and regions Secularism- living for today Feudalism- many lords who own a manor full of serfs who are bound to the land |
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Connections from what was studied to later times including today
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Magna Carta- Bill of Rights
Parliment-Senate "cultural heart' |
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What is cultural diffusion?
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The spread of ideas through many cultures, usually by trade. Greece had a lot of cultural diffusion because they relied so heavily on trade.
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Why did we do the station work?
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To take examples from the civilization and manipulate the information to understand it better
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What was the class structure of the civilizations we studied? Examples of class conflict?
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Class structure usually started with a king or the one with the closest connection to the diety. From there it was a triangle shape in population. After the king came the nobles and the scribes. After them came the merchants and the artisans. After them came the largest population of peasant farmers. In some civilizations there was a class of slave labor, but these were usually conquered people that would appear later when the civilization became an empire. An example of class conflict is the Plebeians and the Patricians of Rome.
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What was the importance of trade and agriculture?
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Trade and agriculture influenced many things in society
-it helped the population rise if a food surplus occurred -with a food surplus there was less of a demand for farmers -with less farmers came more job specialization -with more job specialization there could be more products to trade rather than just crops -with trade came cultural diffusion |
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Where was trade most important and why?
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Trade was the most important in Ancient Greece because there was no fertile soil or major river valleys that they could farm on. Therefore they depended on trade to bring in all the items that they couldn't make for themselves.
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Explain the art and architecture of what we studied
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-greeks had the stoic expressions
-high middle ages depicted humanist values -many early civilizations depicted worship of a bull |
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What forms of government have we studied this year?
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-Monarchy
-Democracy -Oligarchy -Dictatorship |
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What causes unity?
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-religon
-a leader -philosophy -martyrs -trade -wars(allied together) |
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What causes disunity?
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-many people struggling for power
-corruption -differences in religions -politics |
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Explain the role of women in the societies studied
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-Women in the early ages held a high status because of the low birth rate. they could provide babies
-Women in Sparta needed strong bodies to produce strong sons -Whereas women in Athens were told to stay in the house -Most women had rights but they were very limited -Women almost never held a position in politics and it was rare that she ever owned land |
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What is a golden age?
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This is the age of peace and prosperity. The population is high and there is a lot of trade and often cultural diffusion. Lots of technology, new ideas, and art/literature will come out of these ages.
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What is a dark age?
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This is the age where there isn't a lot of order or centralization. Many people tend to hold onto their money instead of spend it which causes the economy to crash. There is usually a great struggle for sovereignty and no one holds onto it for very long. Religions are often formed out of these ages because the people needed something to believe in.
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Basic characteristics/beliefs/practices of the religions studied?
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Many early religions were polytheistic, worshiping animals or nature spirits. Sometimes there was a chief god or mother goddess who sacrifices of all kind were made to.
In later religions there was the common theme of monotheism and the ruler was no longer thought to be a god. These religions included giving money to the church or charity and fasting and praying. Most of them had a holy text of some sort and a law code that the people had to follow. Some of these religions shared prophets and were very alike in nature. Each of these religions usually had a founder as well. |
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What are the 5 World Religions
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-Hinduism
-Christianity -Judiasm -Islamic -Buddhism |
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Why did these religions spread?
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-Spread through cultural diffusion
-On the Roman Roads -Through the minority people that needed something to believe in -People who may have been bored with their old religion -The government opposed it and people hated the government |
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What are the similarities?
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-One god
-Heaven and Hell -Messiah -Written Law Code -Prophets -Judgement Day |
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What are the differences?
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-Christians believe that Jesus was the son of God
-Christians believe in the Trinity -Muslims believe in the 5 Pillars -They all celebrate different holidays |
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What are the important characteristics of ancient civilizations?
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-Organized government
-Ruler was also a god -Polytheistic -Agriculture was very important |
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How did civilizations develop?
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-People settled down and learned to farm
-Food surplus -Population up -Towns into cities |
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What were the Chinese Philosophies and how did they compare to Doaism?
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-Legalism
-Confucianism -Both were about how to create good government and Doaism said that government was best when there wasn't one |
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What was the order of the Chinese Dynasties?
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-Shang
-Zhou -Qin -Han |
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What was the dynastic cycle?
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-Dynasty is founded by powerful leader
-Period of peace and prosperity -Downfall and rebellion -Dynasty is overthrown usually with Mandate of Heaven |
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What were the Middle Eastern Civilizations?
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-Sumer city-states
-Assyrians -Persians -Babylonians -Hittites -Israelites -Phoenicians |
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What were the Indian Civilizations?
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-Aryans
-Mauryan -Gupta |
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Why were some civilizations more stable than others?
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The geography heavily impacted the steadiness of the civilization. For example China had tons of natural protection so they were very isolated and safe. However the ANE was totally unprotected and was invaded often which caused many different people to inhabit the place.
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Explain the rise and fall of Rome
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-Rome began because the people settled on the TIber and drove out the natives.
-Then they set the Republic -The Republic had lots of good morals and values -When Rome moved into the Empire, all morals were lost in a thirst for power -Corruption and downfall to dark age |
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Explain Greek disunity and Roman Unity
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-Greek city-states were very divided and often went to war with each other
-Rome was unified under the moral "For Rome" and had people devoted the the civilization |
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What was the legacy of the Greeks? Of the Romans?
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-Greece left behind many works of literature and many ideas on government
-Rome left behind fantastic innovations with roads and science and math |
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What were the important accomplishments of the time?
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-Census
-Taxes -Law of citizens and Law of Nations -Satirical texts -Aqueducts -Epic Poems -Geometry -Pythagorean Therom |
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What was life like in the Middle Ages?
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Low population
Dependent on crops No money system (barter) Primitive health and hygiene |
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What was the role of the church?
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The church was the only light of hope in the dark ages. It was the center of most peoples lives and provided a hospital for the sick and a place to eat for the poor.
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Similarities/Differences of the rise of Islam and Christianity?
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-Both came out of a depressing time
-Both were simple and easy to do -Neither required sacrifice -Christianity spread in many different places at different times |
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Why were the Crusades a turning point?
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-The crusades allowed the Europeans to discover civilizations that were much more advanced than them and come upon new inventions they hadn't ever had the luxury of like spice and soap. This is what pulls Europe out of the dark age.
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What were the Islamic Empires?
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-Muhammad
-4 Rightly Guided Caliphs -Abbasids -Seljuk Turks |
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How was the Islamic Empire so ahead of the European Middle Age?
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-They were so advanced in every way possible especially medically. Islam was diagnosing and treating diseases even in the eye while the Europeans were still turning to the church for answers.
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Explain the rise of early western civilizations?
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Nationalism and cultural diffusion
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What caused the Renaissance/Reformation?
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-The corruption of the church angered many people.
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How did Renaissance differ from the Middle Ages? Why was it so important?
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-In the Renaissance many more people were becoming secular and humanist. This was important because it was the first time Europe had asked a question since 476
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What are the important themes of this time?
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-Humanism
-Nationalism -Commercialism -Individualism -Secularism |
