Honors Biology Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Front 1

Cell Theory

Back 1

Cells, or the products made by cells, are the units of structure and function in organisms

Hint 1

____ describes the properties of cells.

Front 2

Prokaryotes

Back 2

Bacterial cells

Hint 2

____ are the most abundant type of cells.

Front 3

Eukaryotes

Back 3

Multicellular complex structures

Hint 3

An animal cell is a ____.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

Structure in the membrane that holds cell's DNA

Hint 4

____ is in the middle of a cell.

Front 5

Chromosome

Back 5

A structure in the nucleus that carries genetic information

Hint 5

An extra ____ leads to birth defects.

Front 6

Nucleoid

Back 6

Region of a prokaryotic cell where the large, single chromosome attaches to the plasma membrane

Hint 6

____ means "nucleus-like."

Front 7

Plasmids

Back 7

Small, circular DNA molecules that contain genes to help bacteria survive in specific conditions

Hint 7

____ contain genes.

Front 8

Flagella

Back 8

Long, whip-like tails made of protein that rotate to propel cells through fluids

Hint 8

____ are the longer piece of a cell used for movement.

Front 9

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Back 9

Inside of the cell wall

Hint 9

____ are in all eukaryotic cells

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

Provides support and protection for the cell

Hint 10

The ____ ____ is made of lipid, carbs, and proteins

Front 11

Ribosomes

Back 11

Catalyze the synthesis of proteins

Hint 11

____ are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Front 12

Cytoplasm

Back 12

Composed of all the cell's organelles

Hint 12

____ is made of cytosol.

Front 13

Cytosol

Back 13

Intracellular solution of salts and organic compounds dissolved in water

Hint 13

____ contains cytoskeleton proteins.

Front 14

Organelles

Back 14

Small, membrane-bound structures inside the cell

Hint 14

____ are found in the cytoplasm.

Front 15

Nucleolus

Back 15

Contains the cell chromosomes

Hint 15

The ____ is an organelle.

Front 16

Cytoskeleton

Back 16

Proteins used to provide shape, structure, and movement inside the cell

Hint 16

The ____ proteins are in the cytosol.

Front 17

Microtubules

Back 17

Hollow, relatively thick structures

Hint 17

____ are hollow like straws.

Front 18

Microfilaments

Back 18

Solid, flexible, thin strands

Hint 18

____ are not hollow.

Front 19

Rough ER

Back 19

Ribosomes on its surface

Hint 19

Other type has no ribosomes on its surface.

Front 20

Smooth ER

Back 20

No ribosomes on its surface

Hint 20

Other type of this has ribosomes on its surface.

Front 21

Golgi Apparatus

Back 21

Modify proteins and export substances from the ER

Hint 21

____ is a stack of membrane sacs.

Front 22

Vesicles

Back 22

Membrane bubbles that pinch off of the Golgi Apparatus and fuse with the plasma membrane or other organelles

Hint 22

____ are spherical.

Front 23

Lysosomes

Back 23

Specialized vesicles that contain enzymes for digesting old macromolecules and food

Hint 23

____ are only in animal cells.

Front 24

Vacuoles

Back 24

Very large structures used to store water, organic acids, enzymes, salts, and pigments

Hint 24

____ are found in plant cells.

Front 25

Centrioles

Back 25

Structures that contain microtubules involved in cell reproduction

Hint 25

____ are found in animals, some fungi and algae

Front 26

Cilia

Back 26

Many short flagella that sense environmental conditions and sometimes aid in movement

Hint 26

The shorter of the two forms of movement for a cell.

Front 27

Mitochondria

Back 27

Used during aerobic respiration

Hint 27

____ are in all eukaryotes.

Front 28

Chloroplasts

Back 28

Used during photosynthesis

Hint 28

____ are in plants and some protists.

Front 29

Colony

Back 29

Groups of unicellular organisms that are independent but work together for specific functions

Hint 29

A ____ is similar to a bee hive.

Front 30

Multicellular

Back 30

An organism made of many cells

Hint 30

Humans are ____.

Front 31

Cell Differentiation

Back 31

When a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function

Hint 31

Mitosis occurs to create specific cells for different functions.

Front 32

Tissue

Back 32

Specialized cells and their products that make up animals or plants

Hint 32

Inflammation is a reaction of living ____ to infection or injury.

Front 33

Organ

Back 33

A part of an organism that has a specific function

Hint 33

Another ____ is your lungs.

Front 34

Organ System

Back 34

A group of organs that work together

Hint 34

One ____ ____ is the digestive system.

Front 35

Organism

Back 35

A life form

Hint 35

Humans are ____.