Honors Bio, Chapter 2, Victoria Dzbynski

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

A nourishing substance required for growth and repair by biotic organisms

Hint 1

1. There are six _________ needed for organisms to stay healthy.

2. _______ are needed to make more and stronger cells during the growth process.

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

Acquire the nutrients and energy they need from consuming living or dead organisms

Hint 2

1. a.k.a.

Consumers

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Acquire the nutrients and energy they need from nonliving sources

Hint 3

1. Sunlight, minerals, and air are nutrients for _______.

2. Needed for Heterotrophs to survive.

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

Captures the energy needed from sunlight or photosynthesis

Hint 4

1. Creates organic compounds from sunlight or carbon dioxide and water

2. Some energy from photosynthesis is stored as chemical energy

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

The process of capturing sunlight to create carbon dioxide and water

Hint 5

1. Photoautotrophs use __________ to capture energy.

2. Most plants and other organisms use _____________ to create CO2 and H2O.

Front 6

Chemoautotrophs

Back 6

Autotrophs that obtain their energy from inorgainc substances

Hint 6

1. Use Chemosynthesis to obtain energy

2. All are bacteria

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

The process of capturing energy from inorganic substances

Hint 7

1. Captures energy to store it as chemical energy for their cells.

2. Inorganic reactions creates energy

Front 8

Cell Respiration

Back 8

Released energy created from chemical reactions by heterotrophs and autotrophs

Hint 8

1. Energy is passed between autotrophs and heterotrophs, causing oxygen and carbon dioxide to cycle between them.

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

Produces food for heterotrophs to consume

Hint 9

1. a.k.a. Autotrophs

2. Produces food through photosynthesis

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

Obtains autotrophs or other organisms for food

Hint 10

1. a.k.a. Heterotrophs

2. Eat other animals and plants that have gotten the energy from the sun for their own nutrients

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

Certain heterotrophs that can consume dead animals and plants for food

Hint 11

1. Bacteria, Fungi, Heterotrophs

2. Some heterotrophs, or _______,

eat dead, biotic organisms for food.

Front 12

Food Web

Back 12

A cycle of reactions between producers, consumers, and decomposers for nutrients and energy

Hint 12

1. Energy and nutrients are passed between all organisms in a cycle of life.

2. A chart to show the transfer of energy and nutrients to all organisms

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

Living organisms that have growth and development

Hint 13

1. Respond to stimuli, uses energy, and have genetic information

2. Consume Abiotic organisms to stay alive

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

All nonliving things that are

depended upon by living organisms

Hint 14

1. Soil, minerals, water, and weather

2. Biotic and _______ organisms make up an Ecosystem.

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

An exact location with living and nonliving organisms together

Hint 15

1. Forest, field, river

2. All organisms acting like a system to keep each other alive

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

A certain part of an ecosystem where similar organisms live

Hint 16

1. Top or bottom of a pond

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

All of the ecosystems on Earth

Hint 17

1. Desert, coral reef, ocean

2. The _______ contains all the organisms on the planet.

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

Momentum and strength required to do daily tasks

Hint 18

1. Ability to do work

2. Sugar is a great source of ______.

Front 19

Chemical Energy

Back 19

Energy that has been stored in molecules and is released through chemical reactions

Hint 19

1. Get energy from eating other animals and autotrophs

2. Waste is released afterwards

Front 20

Free Energy

Back 20

Part of the Chemical Energy that can work

Hint 20

1. Used for muscle contraction, growth, and tissue repair

2. During the chemical reaction, free energy is released to do work for the organisms cells

Front 21

Heat Energy

Back 21

Energy that is stored in atoms and is transferred through changes in temperature

Hint 21

1. Only releases some energy as heat from a chemical reaction

2. During a conversion of chemical energy, it releases free energy and ___ ______.

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

Energy that can't be created or destroyed, but can change into different forms

Hint 22

1. Energy is present in different form in an ecosystem

2. Total energy of the Earth remains constant

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

Increases disorder in a system through it's surroundings

Hint 23

1. More disorder when more free energy is released

2. Organisms have to be organized in a certain way to stay alive and grow

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Increased disorder in a system and its surroundings

Hint 24

1. Energy is needed to maintain a system from more disorder than needed

2. Systems usually change so ______ is increased in the system and surroundings

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

Proteins that allow a faster reaction by lowering the activation energy

Hint 25

1. All are catalysts

2. Shape of ______ is linked to its function

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

Chemicals that lower the activation energy, allowing a faster reaction

Hint 26

1. Not all are enzymes

2. Depending on the structure of its tertiary structure, there can only be a couple of specific reactions

Front 27

Active Site

Back 27

Specific reactions caused by tertiary structure of an enzyme

Hint 27

1. Shape that resembles the starting molecule(s)

2. Requires less activation energy

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

Beginning molecule of a chemical reaction

Hint 28

1. Activation site brings the substrate and enzyme closer together

2. Products formed more easily

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

All chemical reactions and changes that happen inside a cell or organism

Hint 29

1. Chemical reactions occur all the time in organisms

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

A type of metabolism that form larger, complex biomolecules from biosynthesis reactions

Hint 30

1. "building-up" reactions

2. Biosynthesis reaction: starch to glucose

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

A type of metabolism that takes larger molecules and breaks them down into smaller molecules

Hint 31

1. "breaking-down" reactions

2. Breakdown reaction: glycogen to glucose within muscle cells

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

Process of building proteins from amino acids to create muscles and blood

Hint 32

1. Synthesis reaction

2. Requires free energy to create

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

Process of decomposition that removes electrons from a molecule

Hint 33

1. Decomposition reaction

2. Some bonds can be broken and rearranged

Front 34

ATP

Back 34

Free energy released follows electron transfers and turns into a molecule

Hint 34

1. Adenosine Triphosphate

2. "Energy currency" of living cells

Front 35

ADP

Back 35

ATP molecule gives up one phosphate group

Hint 35

1. Adenosine diphosphate

2. Energy carrier between cell release and reactions that require energy