Honors Bio, Ch. 8, Cuong Huynh

Front 1

Cell cycle

Back 1

Series of cell division in eukaryotic cell

Hint 1

1.) the ___ of a cell is its life cycle

2.) cycle which a cell goes through to divide

Front 2

Mitosis

Back 2

Process of sorting/distributing chromosomes to daughter cells and creating two nuclei

Hint 2

1.) also known as the M phase

2.) has 4 dinstinct phases

Front 3

Interphase

Back 3

Time between divisions, chromosomes aren't visible in nucleus, cell replications happens

Hint 3

1.) cell spends most of its time in this phase

2.) "inter" as in intermissions

Front 4

G1/G0

Back 4

Prereplication, grows cells, RNA, proteins, & macromolecules, prepares for S or M phase or preform special cell functions. G0 is stopping point in G1, cell is adult and ready to preform task to sustain organism

Hint 4

1.) Intial phase

2.) "G"1 g as in grow

Front 5

S

Back 5

DNA of chromosome replicates identical set for daughter cell

Hint 5

1.) "s" synthesizes new DNA for daughter cell

2.) semiconservative replication

Front 6

G2

Back 6

Prepares for mitosis by making RNA and protein

Hint 6

1.) preparation

2.) before M phase

Front 7

M

Back 7

Mitosis

Hint 7

1.) "m" for mitosis

2.) last phase of cell cycle

Front 8

Restriction point

Back 8

"Point of no return" once cell enters this stage it is committed to the cell cycle

Hint 8

1.) restricted from returning

2.) appears in G1

Front 9

Cytokinesis

Back 9

Division of cell

Hint 9

1.) happens after/during mitosis

2.) splitting into 2

Front 10

Daughter cell

Back 10

1 cell completes cycle, splits into 2 cells

Hint 10

1.) cell splits into "daughter" of parent cell

2.) result of mitosis and cytokinesis

Front 11

Nucleotide base pairing

Back 11

Pairing certain bases with its acceptable counterpart

Hint 11

1.) pairs bases together

2.) ex: adenine and thymine

Front 12

Hydrogen bond

Back 12

Bonds bases together

Hint 12

1.) makes a bond

2.) the hydrogen bond between adenine and thymine

Front 13

Antiparallel

Back 13

2 lines are parallel but run in opposite directions

Hint 13

1.) similar to parallel, one differnece

1.) "anti" directions

Front 14

DNA polymerase

Back 14

Enzyme that catalyzes new DNA strands

Hint 14

1.) maker of new DNA

2.) very accurate

Front 15

Semiconservative replication

Back 15

Replicating DNA strands

Hint 15

1.) happens in S phase

2.) DNA polymerase is used

Front 16

Histone

Back 16

Is a basic protein with strong positive charges

Hint 16

1.) part of nucleosome

Front 17

Chromosome

Back 17

Structure inside nucleus, contains DNA and proteins

Hint 17

2.) has DNA

Front 18

Chromatin

Back 18

DNA bounded to a nucleosome

Hint 18

1.) forms chromosomes

Front 19

Mutation

Back 19

Change in DNA sequence

Hint 19

1.) ex: cancer

2.) can be silent, harmful, or beneficial

Front 20

Mutagen

Back 20

Chemical/radiation that causes mutations

Hint 20

1.) ex: ultraviolet radiation

2.) ex: gamma rays

Front 21

Excision repair

Back 21

Process by which mutations are repaired

Hint 21

1.) "repairs" mutations

2.) excises mutated gene

Front 22

Leading strand/lagging strand

Back 22

Leading strand is strand where new strand is synthesized, lagging strand is the original that is not continuing to make a new strand

Hint 22

1.) leading strand leads new DNA synthesis

2.) lagging strands stay original

Front 23

Sister chromatids

Back 23

2 copies of chromosome

Hint 23

1.) sisters as in more than one

Front 24

Centromere

Back 24

Protein at center of chromosome

Hint 24

1.) "centr" sounds like center

2.) part of a chromosome

Front 25

Aneuploid

Back 25

Daughter cell with abnormal amount of chromosomes

Hint 25

1.) defect

2.) misshapen cell

Front 26

Prophase

Back 26

1st step of mitosis, mitotic spindles form, nuclear membrane breaks down

Hint 26

1.) part of mitosis

2.) 1st step of mitosis

Front 27

Metaphase

Back 27

2nd step of mitosis, chromosomes pulled into a ring between 2 poles

Hint 27

1.) part of mitosis

2.) "meta" middle

Front 28

Anaphase

Back 28

3rd step, sister chromatids separate & go to the poles

Hint 28

1.) mitosis

2.) a in anaphase a in apart

Front 29

Telophase

Back 29

4th & last step, chromosomes expand, nuclear envelope re-forms, cell divides into two

Hint 29

1.) part of mitosis

2.) end of mitosis

Front 30

Centrioles

Back 30

Organelles that assist in mitosis

Hint 30

1.) made of microtubules

2.) only in animal cells

Front 31

(Mitotic) spindles (fibers)

Back 31

Mircotubules around the nucleus

Hint 31

1.) appears in mitosis

2.) connects to sister chromatids

Front 32

Spindle poles

Back 32

Protein at the end of a centriole anchors microtubules

Hint 32

1.) connects to spindle fibers

Front 33

Kinetochore

Back 33

Protein complex inside a centromere

Hint 33

1.) "kine" kinetic

Front 34

Cyclins

Back 34

Proteins that regulate progression throughout the cell cycle

Hint 34

1.) cyclins looks like cycle

2.) helps the cell "cycle" through the phases

Front 35

Kinases

Back 35

Enzymes that bind to cyclins

Hint 35

2.) necessary for cyclins to preform

Front 36

Cell-cycle arrest

Back 36

When proteins are checking the cell cycle of mistakes/defects

Hint 36

1.) halts the cell cycle to check

2.) "arrests" the cell cycle

Front 37

Cancer

Back 37

Uncontrolled cell growth and reproduction

Hint 37

1.) tumor

2.) ex: lung cancer

Front 38

Checkpoints

Back 38

Places in cell cycle to check for any mishaps/defects

Hint 38

1.) like a security checkpoint

2.) "checks" for "points" in the phases for defects