Honors Bio, Ch. 2, Hannah Mcalary

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

These are the basic materials that are needed to produce complex molecules and provide nourishment that is essential for growth and maintenance in everyday life.

Hint 1

- carbohydrates

- proteins

- fats

- vitamins

- minerals

- water

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

Access nutrients and energy by eating other dead or alive organisms. They are also known as consumers.

Hint 2

- humans

- dogs

- cats

- birds

- fish

Front 3

Autotrophs

Back 3

Access nutrients from nonliving sources like the sun, minerals and the air. They are also known as producers.

Hint 3

- plants

- algae

- bacteria

Front 4

Photoautotrophs

Back 4

This is an organism that gets its energy from light sources and it makes its own food from abiotic carbon sources.

Hint 4

- trees

- plants

Front 5

Photosynthesis

Back 5

It is the process in which organisms use sunlight to get their energy. The set of chemical reactions produces organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water. Photoautrophs carry out photosynthesis.

Hint 5

- most plants use this process

Front 6

Chemoautrophs

Back 6

This is an organism that gets its energy from the oxidation of inorganic (hydrogen sulfide) compounds.

Hint 6

- nitrogen-fixing bacteria

- Cyanobacteria

Front 7

Chemosynthesis

Back 7

This process used chemical energy to produce organic compounds typically done without sunlight. It is a set of chemical reactions and chemoatrophs carry out chemosynthesis.

Hint 7

- found in hot springs on land

- found on the sea floor around hydrothermal vents

Front 8

Cell respiration

Back 8

This process is used by all organisms and it is a system of chemical reactions that are used to release energy from organic compounds to achieve the everyday essentials in life.

Hint 8

- Cell uses ATP for energy

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

This is an organism that is known as the self feeder because it makes its own food. They are also known as autotrophs.

Hint 9

- green algae

- Cyanobacteria

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

This is an organism that gets its energy from feeding off of other organisms. They are also known as heterotrophs.

Hint 10

- humans

- dogs

- cats

- bird

- fish

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

It is an organism that gets its energy from feeding off of dead or decaying organisms.

Hint 11

- worms

- cockroaches

- maggots

- slugs

Front 12

Food web

Back 12

It is the relationship that is formed between producers, consumers and decomposers. It shows how energy and nutrients transfers between organisms.

Hint 12

- like a food chain

Front 13

Biotic

Back 13

Any living thing

Hint 13

- humans

- dogs

- cats

- plants

- trees

- flowers

Front 14

Abiotic

Back 14

Any nonliving thing

Hint 14

- rock

- sun

- air

Front 15

Ecosystem

Back 15

It is all the abiotic and biotic factors in a certain place. It is a biological community.

Hint 15

- deserts

- forests

- grasslands

- wetlands

- oceans

Front 16

Habitats

Back 16

It is the natural home to an organism. It is a part of an ecosystem.

Hint 16

- forests

- fields

- marshes

- rivers

Front 17

Biosphere

Back 17

All of the ecosystems on earth. It is the outer portion of the earth, where life is found.

Hint 17

- atmosphere

Front 18

Energy

Back 18

The ability to do work.

Hint 18

- light ______

- heat ______

- mechanical _______

- gravitational _______

- electrical ________

- chemical ________

Front 19

Chemical energy

Back 19

This is the energy that is stored in the chemical bonds in the structure of molecules.

Hint 19

- wood

- propane

Front 20

Free Energy

Back 20

This is the energy that is able to do work.

Hint 20

- Gibbs function

- Helmholtz function

Front 21

Heat Energy

Back 21

This is the amount of energy that is needed to be transferred to and from one unit of mass or amount of substance to change the temperature by one degree. This is also known as specific heat.

Hint 21

- sun

- automobile fuels

- fire

Front 22

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 22

This is also known as the Conservation of Energy law and it states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed into different forms of energy.

Hint 22

- chemical energy to kinetic energy

- light energy to chemical energy

Front 23

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 23

This is when systems tend to change in some particular way that increases the disorder of the universe. Energy transfers and transforms.

Hint 23

- ice cube melts in warm room

Front 24

Entropy

Back 24

Disorder. It is how much of disorganization there is in a system when there is so much energy that has become scattered and no longer has the ability to do work.

Hint 24

- campfire

- ice melting

- climate change

Front 25

Enzymes

Back 25

These are proteins that are made by organisms and used as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions. They allow for a much faster reaction rate.

Hint 25

- carbohydrases

- proteases

- lipases

Front 26

Catalysts

Back 26

These are types of chemicals that lower the activation energy. It may take part in the reaction but it comes out in the original form. Enzymes are biological catalysts.

Hint 26

- hydrogen peroxide

- lighting a match in a room with hydrogen and oxygen gas... There will be an explosion.

Front 27

Active site

Back 27

This is the portion of an enzyme that connects to the substrate through weak chemical bonds.

Hint 27

- tertiary structure

Front 28

Substrate

Back 28

A substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Hint 28

- fats (butter)

- proteins (meat)

- carbohydrate (pasta)

Front 29

Metabolism

Back 29

This is the chemical process that happens in living organisms in order to maintain everyday life. It is all of the chemical changes taking place in a particular organism.

Hint 29

- humans use this

- pets use this

Front 30

Synthesis

Back 30

This is the process in which chemical compounds are built from smaller components from chemical reactions.

Hint 30

- photosynthesis

Front 31

Decomposition

Back 31

This is the process of breaking down substances into much smaller chemical units.

Hint 31

- ammonium nitrate decomposes into di nitrogen monoxide and water

Front 32

Biosynthesis

Back 32

This is the production of complex molecules within the living organisms or cells in the organism.

Hint 32

- photosynthesis

- chemosynthesis

- amino acid synthesis

- ATP synthesis

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

Oxidation is a loss of electrons from a certain substance in a chemical reaction.

Hint 33

- fresh cut apple turns brown

- nails become rusty over a period of time

Front 34

ATP

Back 34

This is used by cells to store energy and fuel metabolic processes. It is a compound that has three phosphate groups.

Hint 34

- growth

- metabolism

Front 35

ADP

Back 35

This is the compound that is remaining when when a phosphate group is removed from ATP. It releases energy

Hint 35

- related to ATP

- nucleotide

- essential in photosynthesis and glycolysis