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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Nutrients |
Components in foods that are essential for organisms to grow and survive. |
1. Fish is a good source of many _________ because it has vitamins, minerals, and protein. 2. Raw materials |
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Heterotrophs |
An organism that cannot create its own food, so it obtains its food and energy from other complex organisms. |
1. ex; humans 2. prefix is Greek and means "other" |
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Autotrophs |
An organism that creates its own food from nonliving resources. |
1. ex; producers 2. prefix is Greek and means "self" |
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Photoautotrophs |
Autotrophs that obtain their energy through sunlight |
1. This is done through the process of photosynthesis 2. prefix is Greek and means "light" |
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Chemoautotrophs |
Autotrophs that obtain their energy from inorganic chemicals. |
1. Chemosynthesis is used 2. ____________ are mostly bacteria or archea that live in hostile environments |
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Chemosynthesis |
The process of converting one or more carbon atoms and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules. |
1. Bacteria in the deep ocean obtain energy this way 2. Typically in the absence of sunlight |
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Cell Respiration |
The process of oxidizing food molecules to carbon dioxide and water |
1. Energy is trapped in the form of ATP 2. Energy is released in cellular bonds |
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Producers |
Any type of plant |
1. Make their own food 2. Bottom of the food chain |
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Consumers |
Obtain energy by eating other living organisms |
1. Top of the food chain 2. Ex; humans |
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Photosynthesis |
The process of obtaining energy and nutrients from sunlight |
1. Plants use _______ to get their energy 2. Light energy converts to chemical energy |
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Decomposers |
An organism that decomposes organic material |
1. Ex; fungus 2. Breaks down cells of dead organisms |
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Food Web |
Relationships formed between producers, consumers, and decomposed in an ecosystem to show the transfer of energy and nutrients |
1. Connection of food chains 2. Consumer resource system |
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Biotic |
Of, relating to, or resulting from living things |
1. Ex; organisms 2. Influences or affects an ecosystem |
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Abiotic |
Not derived from living organisms |
1. Ex; sunlight 2. Components in an environment that are non living |
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Ecosystem |
Includes all abiotic and biotic factors in a particular place |
1. Ex; coral reef 2. Living systems and nonliving components interacting as a system. |
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Habitat |
Part of an ecosystem where certain organisms live |
1. Ex; shallow water 2. The __________ of the spotted turtle has greatly diminished |
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Biosphere |
All of the ecosystems on earth |
1. Zone of life on Earth 2. All of the ecosystems are in a broader category called a __________ |
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Energy |
The ability to do work |
1. It is important to eat foods that give you _______ 2. Various forms; electrical, chemical, mechanical, etc. |
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Chemical Energy |
Energy stored in molecules released during chemical reactions |
1. Often produces heat 2. Stored in bonds |
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Free energy |
Portion of chemical energy that is available to do work |
1. Internal energy minus amount of energy that cannot be used to perform work 2. A thermodynamic state function |
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Heat energy |
Transferred among particles in a substance by means of kinetic energy of those particles |
1. Always accompanied by a change in entropy 2. Flows from higher temp to lower temp |
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First Law of Thermodynamics |
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be converted into different forms |
1. Conservation of energy 2. Potential energy ---> mechanical energy |
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Second Law of Thermodynamics |
Systems tend to change in a way that increases the entropy of the system and its surroundings |
1. Entropy always increases 2. Sometimes people say that life violates the ___________ |
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Entropy |
Lack of order |
1. Measure of ways that a system could be arranged 2. Nature tends from order to disorder |
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Enzymes |
Proteins that lower the activation energy needed for biochemical reactions to occur allowing for a much faster rate of reaction |
1. Produced by living organisms 2. Acts as a catalyst |
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Catalysts |
Any chemicals that lower activation energy |
1. Shape is closely related to its functions 2. Enzymes are _________ |
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Active site |
Small region of an enzyme's tertiary structure that matches up with a small region on the reactants |
1. Consists of residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate 2. Molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction |
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Substrate |
A molecule upon which an enzyme acts |
1. Bonds with the enzyme active site 2. The soil is the ________ of most plants |
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Metabolism |
Describes all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cell and the organism |
1. Green tea is known to speed up your ___________ 2. Origin is Greek and means change |
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Synthesis |
Production of chemical compounds by reaction of simpler materials |
1. Na + Cl ---> NaCl 2. Formed by combining |
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Biosynthesis |
The production of complex molecules within living organisms or cells |
1. Ex; photosynthesis 2. Ex; Chemosynthesis |
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Oxidation |
The interaction between oxygen molecules and other substances |
1. Loss of electrons 2. Valence is increased |
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ATP |
A nucleotide that releases energy when hydrolyzed to ADP |
1. Composed of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups 2. C10H16N5O13P3 |
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ADP |
An organic compound that is important in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy |
1. Composed of one adenosine and 2 phosphate groups 2. C10H15N5O10P2 |