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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.
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Species
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A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring.
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Fossils
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Traces of organisms that existed in the past.
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Catastrophism
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Theory that states natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions have happened often during Earth's long history.
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Gradualism
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Principle that states changes in landforms resulted from slow changes over a long period of time.
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Uniformitarianism
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Proposes that present geologic processes are the key to the past.
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Variation
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The difference in the group in which it belongs.
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Adaptation
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A feature that allows an organism to better survive in it's environment.
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Artificial Selection
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The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits.
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Heritability
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The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next.
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Natural Selection
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A mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on an average than do other individuals.
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Population
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All the individuals of a species that live in an area.
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Fitness
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A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment.
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Biogeography
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The study of the distribution of organisms around the world.
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Homologous Structures
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Features that are similar in structure but appear in different organisms and have different functions.
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Analogous Structures
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Structures that perform a similar function but are not similar in origin.
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Vestigial Structures
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Remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor.
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Paleontology
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The study of fossils or extinct organisms.
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