Holes A&p Chapter 5

Front 1

Epithelial Tissue Functions

Back 1

Protection
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion

Front 2

Single layer of flat cells
Substances pass through easily
Line air sacs
line blood vessels
line lymphatic vessels

Back 2

Simple Squamous

Front 3

Single layer of cube-shaped cells
Line kidney tubules
Cover ovaries
Line ducts of some glands

Back 3

Simple Cuboidal

Front 4

Single layer of elongated cells
Nuclei usually near basement membrane (and at the same level)
Sometimes possess microvilli
Often have goblet cells
Line uterus, stomach, intestines

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Simple Columnar

Front 5

Single layer of elongated cells
Nuclei at two or more levels
OFten have cilia
Often have goblet cells
Line respiratory passages

Back 5

Pseudostratified Columnar

Front 6

Many cell layers
Top cells are flat
Can accumulate keratin
Outer layer of skin
Line oral cavity, vagina, anal canal

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Stratified Squamous

Front 7

2-3 layers
Cube-shaped cells
Line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas

Back 7

Stratified Cuboidal

Front 8

Top layer of elongated cells
Cube-shaped cells in deeper layers
Line part of male urethra and part of pharynx

Back 8

Stratified Columnar

Front 9

Many cell layers
Cube-shaped and elongated cells
Line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

Back 9

Transitional

Front 10

Cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances

Back 10

Glandular Epithelium

Front 11

Glandular Epithelium (Ductless)

Glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood are called?

Back 11

Endocrine

Front 12

Glandular Epithelium (Have Ducts)

Glands that secrete their products into ducts that open into surfaces, such as the skin or the lining of the digestive tract?

Back 12

Exocrine

Front 13

Four Major Tissue Types

Back 13

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Front 14

Tissues that cover the body surface and organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, and lines hollow organs.

Lacks blood vessels

Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion

Back 14

Epithelial Tissues

Front 15

Single epithelial cell, such as a mucous-secreting goblet cell

Back 15

Unicellular Exocrine Gland

Front 16

Composed of many cells and can be structurally subdivided into two groups (simple and compound)

Sweat glands, salivary glands

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Multicellular Exocrine Glands

Front 17

Glands that release fluid products by exocytosis

Fluid product

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Merocrine

Front 18

Glands that lose small portions of their glandular cell bodies during secretion are called...

Cellular product

Back 18

Apocrine

Front 19

Glands that release entire cells are called...

secretory product

Back 19

Holocrine Secretion

Front 20

Compound alveolar gland that produces milk

Apocrine Gland

Secretory portions are irregularly branched tubules with numberous saclike outgrowths

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mammary glands

Front 21

Simple branched alveolar gland that excretes oil

Holocrine Gland

secratory portions of gland expand into saclike compartments along duct

Back 21

Sebaceous gland of the skin

Front 22

Simple coiled tubular gland (Eccrine)

Merocrine gland

Long, Coiled, tubelike gland, long duct

Back 22

Sweat glands of the skin

Front 23

comprise much of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue by weight.

Bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as frameworks, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, and help repair tissue damage.

Have a matrix

Have varying degrees of vascularity,

Have cells that usually divide

Back 23

Connective tissue.

Front 24

Composed of protein fibers and a ground substance consisting of nonfibrous protein and other molecules and fluid.

medium through which substances can be transferred between blood and cells of the tissue

Back 24

Extracellular matrix

Front 25

Most common type of fixed cell in connective tissues. Large, star shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix f connective tissues.

Back 25

Fibroblasts

Front 26

Originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues. Usually attached to fibers but can detach and actively move about.

Scavenger cells, can clear foreign particles from tissues

Back 26

Macrophages

Front 27

Large and widely distributed in connective tissues, where they are usually near blood vessels. They release heparin, a compound that prevents blood clotting.

Release histamine, which is a substance that promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies.

Back 27

Mast cells

Front 28

Three types of Connective Tissue Fiber

Back 28

Collagenous fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers

Front 29

Thick threads of the protein collagen, the major structural protein of the body. Grouped in long , parallel bundles, and they are flexible but only slightly elastic.

Have great tensile strength--they can resist considerable pulling force.

Back 29

Collagenous Fibers

Front 30

Collagenous fibers that hold bones to bones.

Back 30

Ligaments

Front 31

Collagenous fibers that connect muscle to bones.

Back 31

Tendons

Front 32

Two major categories of connective tissues

Back 32

Loose and dense

Front 33

Loose connective tissues

Back 33

areolar, adipose, reticular

Front 34

Dense connective tissue

Back 34

dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

Front 35

Forms delicate, thin membranes, throughout the body. The cells of this tissues mainly fibroblasts, are located some distance apart and are separated by a gel-like substance that contains many collagenous and elastic fibers that Fibroblasts serete.

Located in subcutaneous layer beneath the skin and surrounding organs.

Back 35

Areolar Connective Tissue

Front 36

fat, develops when certain cells store fat in droplets in their cytoplasm.

Cushions, insulates, store fats, beneath skin, behind eyeballs, around kidneys and heart

Back 36

Adipose Tissue

Front 37

Mainly fibroblasts, fluid to gel like matrix, collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, bind skin to structures, beneath most epithelia, blood vessels nourish nearby epithelial cells, between muscles

Back 37

Loose connective tissue

Front 38

Very thin collagenous fibers
Highly branched
Form supportive networks (i.e. spleen)

Back 38

Reticular Fibers

Front 39

Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin
Fibers branch (complex networks)
Elastic (easily stretched)
Vocal cords, air passages

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Elastic Fibers

Front 40

Specialized Connective Tissues

Back 40

Cartilage
Blood
Bone

Front 41

Consists of many closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers; a fine network of elastic fibers; and a few cells, mostly fibroblasts.

Bind body parts together, tendons, ligaments, dermis, poor blood supply

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Dense Regular connective tissue

Front 42

Thicker, interwoven, and more randomly organized.

Back 42

Dense irregular connective tissue.

Front 43

Consists of yellow, elastic fibers in parallel strands or in branching networks

Attachments between bones, walls of large arteries, airways, heart

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Elastic Connective Tissue

Front 44

Rigid connective tissue. Provides support, frameworks, and attachments; protects underlying tissues and forms structural models for many developing bones.

Poor blood supply

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Cartilage

Front 45

The most common type of cartilage, has very fine collagenous fibers in its extracellular matrix and looks somewhat like light glass.

Ends of bones, nose, respiratory passages.
Embryonic skeleton.

Back 45

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 46

Is more flexible than hyaline cartilage because its extracellular matrix has a dense network of elastic fibers.

Ear, larynx.

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Elastic Cartilage

Front 47

Is a very tough tissue, has many collagenous fibers. It is a shock absorber fr structures subjected to pressure.

Forms pads between the individual bones of the spinal column (intervertebral discs)

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Fibrocartilage

Front 48

The most rigid connective tissue. Hardness due to salts, such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, between cells.

Back 48

Bone

Front 49

Type of connective tissue, is composed of cells suspended in a fluid extracellular matrix called plasma.

Back 49

Blood

Front 50

Cells included in Blood connective tissue.

Back 50

white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells

Front 51

Four types of membranes

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Epithelial membranes
Serous membranes
Mucous membranes
Cutaneous membrane

Front 52

Thin structures that are usually composed of epithelium and underlying connective tissue.

Cover body surfaces and line body cavities.

Back 52

Epithelial membranes.

Front 53

Line the body cavities that do not open to the outside and reduce friction between the organs and cavity walls.

Cover organs of thorax and abdomen, secrete fluid

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Serous membranes

Front 54

Line the cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body.

Oral and nasal cavities and the tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Back 54

Mucous Membranes

Front 55

Part of the integumentary system, more commonly called the skin.

Back 55

Cutaneous membrane.

Front 56

Contractile, can shorten and thicken. three types skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Back 56

Muscle tissue

Front 57

Forms muscles that usually attach to bones and can be controlled by conscious effort. For this reason, it is often called voluntary muscle tissue. Striated.

Back 57

Skeletal Muscle

Front 58

Cells lack striations, shorter than those of skeletal muscle and are spindle-shaped, each with a single, centrally located nucleus.

Walls of organs, skin, walls of blood vessels, involuntary, not striated.

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Smooth muscle

Front 59

Is only in the heart. Its cells, striated and branched, are joined end-to-end, and interconnected in complex networks.

Involuntary, intercalated discs.

Back 59

Cardiac muscle.

Front 60

Found in the brain, spinal chord, and peripheral nerves. Basic cells are called neurons. Neuroglial cells support and bind nervous tissue components. Sensory perception, conduction of nerve impulses.

Back 60

Nervous Tissues