Ho: Peripheral Blood

Front 1

When your red cells vary widely in size, you have...

Back 1

...anisocytosis.

Front 2

MCV stands for...

Back 2

...mean corpuscle volume (RBC cell volume)

Front 3

RDW stands for.... What is it mathematically? What can cause a high RDW?

Back 3

...Red cell distribution width. Standard deviation of Red cell size.
iron deficiency, bleeding (loss of #), etc.

Front 4

What is microcytosis?

Associates with which measure of red-cells?

What can cause it?

Back 4

Small red cells
MCV
Iron deficiency, thalassemias, sideroblastic anemia

Front 5

These RBCs have a small....

Back 5

MCV.

Front 6

What is macrocytosis (re: RBCs) associated with? (6)

Back 6

elevated MCV (~ >100)

Elevated reticulocyte count, B12/folate deficiency (opposite of iron deficienty/thalassemia... here we have a DNA production problem)
Thyroid disease, Liver Disease, Chemotherapy, Anti-retrovirals (AZT)

Front 7

Red cells that have too little hemoglobin are said to have....

This is denoted observationally by noting when the area of central pallor is more than ____ the total RBC diameter.

What is this measured by?

Back 7

... hypochromasia.

1/3

MCH

Front 8

What is MCH?

Back 8

(Hemoglobin / RBC)

Front 9

Polychromasia refers to red cells that...

Back 9

...have more of a blue-ish tinge.

Front 10

In general, the blue cells associated with polychromasia are _____ (+/- size) and are probably ________.

Back 10

larger, reticulocytes.

Front 11

Poikilocytosis refers to red cells that...

Back 11

....vary widely in SHAPE.

Front 12

What is MCHC? Can you have a high MCHC?

Back 12

amount of Hb / size of red blood cell

no, because cells are already saturated w/ hemoglobin

Front 13

What disorder of red cells does this pictures show?

Back 13

Poikilocytosis

Front 14

When RBCs look like bulls-eyes, how do we label this disorder?

What diseases is this condition associated with? (4)

Back 14

Target cells.

Liver disease, thalassemias, hemoglobin C, after splenectomy

Front 15

The RBC disorder termed Spherocytes have...

When are these seen? (2)

Back 15

...a loss of central pallor.

1. Hereditary spherocytosis
2. autoimmune hemolysis

Front 16

If spherocytes are due to autoimmune hemolysis, are the RBCs larger or smaller? What do we call this?

Back 16

smaller

microspherocytes

Front 17

Red cell fragments with sharp edges are called...

They are a hallmark of...

Back 17

...schistocytes

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)

Front 18

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA) associates with which disorder of RBCs?

Back 18

Schistocytes, cells with jagged edges.

Front 19

What type of disorder red cells are seen here?

Back 19

Spherocytes

Front 20

In sickle cell anemia, which two types of disorder red cells can be seen?

Back 20

sickled cells & target cells

Front 21

thrombocytopenia is....

which RBC disorder is it sometimes associated with?

Back 21

.... low platelets.

Schistocytes.

Front 22

which RBC disorder cells are seen here? Another name for them?

What type of disease are they seen in?

Back 22

Echinocytes, Burr Cells.

Renal disease

Front 23

What is the difference between echinocytes and acanthocytes?

Back 23

e: small, reg. projections, renal diz.
a: larger irreg. projections, liver diz.

Front 24

What in liver diz. causes acanthocytes?

Back 24

Elevated BUN.

Front 25

Name the cells. They are seen in _____ processes, which are diseases of _______ infiltration.

Back 25

Teardrop cells.

Myelophthisic processes, marrow infiltration. The cells look like this because they have to 'squeeze' out of the marrow.

Front 26

Myelofibrosis
tumor metastatic to marrow
Granulomatous diseases
Leukemias and lymphomas
....which disordered RBCs can be seen?

Back 26

teardrop cells

Front 27

What is the name given to peripheral, small, round purple inclusions within red cells that represent nuclear remnants?

Back 27

Howell-Jolly bodies

Front 28

What are these purple inclusion bodies? When are they seen?

Back 28

HJ bodies. Post splenectomy or in the case of splenic hypofunction.

Front 29

What types of cells can be seen after splenectomy?

Back 29

HJ bodies, target cells, acanthocytes, schistocytes, nucleated red cells.

Front 30

What are Rouleaux? When are they seen?

Back 30

linear arrangement of red cells typically described as piles of coins on a plate.

In disorders w/ increased levels of IgG such as multiple myeloma or waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

* also severe hypo-albuminemia.

Front 31

When does red cell agglutination occur? How are these different from Rouleaux?

Back 31

when the cells are coated w/ IgM. Unlike roleaux, the RBC clumps are disorderly and not linear.

Front 32

What is seen in Fe-Def anemia?

Back 32

Hypochromic, microcytic cells. Increased numbers of platelets can be seen.

Front 33

What is most likely the etiology behind the assortment of cells seen here?

Back 33

Fe-def anemia: Hypochromic, microcytic cells w/ elevated platelets.

Front 34

Which disorder is likely behind this assortment of cells?

Back 34

Fe-def anemia.
Hypochromic, anisocytosis. Small cells.

Front 35

What is seen on a blood smear of someone with megaloblastic anemia?

Back 35

RBCs are macrocytic

Hypersegmented PMNs

Front 36

What is most likely the disorder behind this smear? Also, name the abnormalities at the black arrows and those at the green.

Back 36

Autoimmune Hemolytic anemia
(AIHA)

Black: polychromasia
Green: Microspherocytes

Front 37

What etiology? What specific abnormalities?

Back 37

Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA).

Schistocytes, low platelets (none?)