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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great Powers
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Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia
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Congress of Vienna
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restore order in Europe, putting legit monarchs back into power
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Klemens von Metternich
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Austria's prince who led the Congress of Vienna
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Concert of Europe
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Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia met to maintain order and intervene (principle of intervention)
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Why did Great Britain refuse to participate in principle of intervention?
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because they only wanted to get involved if they could only use naval forces
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Who did Simon Bolivar aid in achieving independence?
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Columbia and Venezula
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Who did Jose de San Martin aid in achieving independence?
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chile and peru
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Monroe Doctrine
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warns Europe to stay out of Western hemisphere, especially Caribbean
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Greeks revolt against who?
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Ottoman Turks
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Treaty of Adrianople
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gives Greeks independence
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Who still controls little Italian states?
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Austrians
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Conservatism
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obediance, gradual, and preserve things
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Liberalism
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belief in progress, autonomy of individual, protectino of liberties, individual liberty and rights,
support: Constitutions, liberal democracy, human rights, capitalism, free trade, separation of church and state |
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Nationalism
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loyalty and devotion, collective identity (people must be autonomous, united, and express a single national culture)
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Socialism
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collective or governmental owenership, distribution of good, system of society, no private property
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Strongest of 4 types of government?
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Nationalism
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July revolution
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when the attempt to restore the old regime leads to a revolt
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Louis Philippe
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bourgeoisie monarch whom emerges after the July Revolutuion
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What happens as a result of Revoltion in Belgium?
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creates independent and neutral Belgium
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What happens as a result of Revolution in France?
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bonaparte becomes president
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Charles Louis Bonaparte
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becomes 1st president of France
this is the 1st time this has ever happened |
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Frederick William IV
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issues new Constitution and abolished censorship attempts to unite German states----fails
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Louis Kossuth
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leads Hungarian liberals that want commonwealth status
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Francis Joseph I
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given throne by Ferdinand I who was his uncle
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Goal of Young Italy Movement:
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unification of italian states
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overall result of revolutions in Europe
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monarchies (old regimes) remained firmly in charge
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How did Charles Louis Bonaparte become Emperor Napolean III?
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had citizens vote on it through the universal manhood suffrage
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Why was Paris, France rebuilt?
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military reasons, troops get through, makes impossible for mobs to black roads
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How did the Crimean War begin?
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France and Russia disagree over who should have access to holy regions of the Middle East
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Who was seen as the "bad guy" - the aggressor in this conflict?
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Russia?
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Why is the Treaty of Paris significant?
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ends the conflict in the Crimean War
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What Question did the crimean war attempt to answer?
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Eastern Question: what happens to Ottoman Empire when it falls?
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What are the legacies of the Crimean war?
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Russia forced to surrender Bessarbia and accepts a neutralized Black Sea
Moldavia and Wallachia controlled by the Great Powers breaks up existing power relationships destroys concert of europe Russia and Austria are now enemies |
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What is meant by the phrase blood and iron?
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war, used by Bismark to unify german states
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Otto von Bismarck
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unifies Germany through blood and iron, prussian prime minister, Yunker, wealthy land owner
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Why are the Danish-Prussian War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War all significant?
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unknown?
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Why is the Treaty of Frankfurt significant?
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ends the war
France to pay reparations and surrender Alsace and Lorraine |
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What did Austria always fear might happen?
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Prussia would take the lead in unifying German states----that's what ended up happening
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Where was Germany born and why is this significant?
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Palace of Versailles, rubbing it in France's face
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Victor Emmanuel II
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House of Savoy controls Sardinia and Piedmont
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Camillo Benso di Cavour
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teams with France's Charles Louis Bonaparte to get rid of Austria
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Whom did Cavour turn to for help and why?
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Austria, their loss allows France to receive Nice and a portion of Savoy
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What did France receive for aiding the Kingdom of Piedmont?
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Nice and a portion of Savoy
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Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi?
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leader of Red Shirt Army that secures Naples and Kingdom of the Two Sicilites
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What was the Red Shirt Army?
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volunteers who followed Giuseppe Garibaldi
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What was the Ausgleich (Compromise of 1867) and what did it provide?
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creates the dual monarchs of Austria-Hungary
two capitals (vienna-Austria, Buda-Hungary) Francis Josephy I becomes Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary Shared army, foreign policy, and financial system |
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What country's unification allowed Italy to be finally unified?
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German unification
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Why is Russian tsar Alexander II significant?
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reform minded Czar, wants to push Russia into the next century
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What did the Emancipation Edict proclaim?
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does away with the old system of serfs
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What were the zemstvos?
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in system created by Alexander because Russia is too big, local assemblies created for local problems
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Who was Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?
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German political philosophers
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Why is The Community Manifesto significant and what did it say about history in general?
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history of existing society is a history of class struggles
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What did Marx and Engels encourage the working classes to do?
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workers of the world unite;
rise up and unite against the middle class |
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What is the definition of Communism?
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a socio-political movement that aims for a classless and stateless society, common ownership of the means of production;
end of wage labor and private property |
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Who dominated the Germanic Confederation?
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Austria and Prussia
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What happened in Russia as a result of Alexander II's assassination?
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Alexander III abandons reforms as oppressive rule returns
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Why is the Russo-Japanese War significant?
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Russia loses
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Why is the Revolution of 1905 important?
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limited constitutional monarchy, State Duma of russian Empire, and a multi-party system emerges
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Why is 1888, the Year of Three Emperors in Germany?
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all and serve at one point during during that year
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Who was Wilhelm II and why is he significant?
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one of the three emperors, wants Germany to have "her place in the sun"
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What did have "her place in the sun" mean?
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germany to be an empire
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WHy is the Boer War significant?
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British win and establish the Union of South Africa
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Who were the Boers?
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descendants of traditional English settlers
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What is meant by the New Imperialism?
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scramble for colonies tainted with social Darwinism and racism
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How was the scramble for colonies tainted w/ Social Darwinism and racism?
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they say the white Anglo-Saxans are superior
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Who was Herbert Spencer and what was social Darwinism based upon?
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He was an english philosopher, biologist, scientist, that came up with survival of the Fittest, based loosely on Darwinism
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What was the crown jewel of the British Empire?
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India
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Dual Alliance
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Germany and Austria-Hungary
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Triple Alliance
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
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Triple Entete
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Russia, Great Britain, and France
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What was the Bosnian Crisis and why is it important?
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Austria annexes the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
important cause it starts a conflict |
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Why was the Balkan League formed?
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to defeat the ottoman empire
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What problems remained at the END of the First Balkan War?
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how to divide the land that they just conquered
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Why did the Second Balkan War occur?
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didn't know how to divide land, Serbia is unhappy
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The struggle for control of the remnants of what empire led to World War I?
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Ottoman Empire
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Who said "one day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans"?
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Otto von Bismark
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What were the basic causes of World War I?
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economic competitions aginst powers, suspicions, fears, and tensions amongst the powers, the rise of nationalism, a naval arms race between Germany and Great Britain
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What were Dreadnoughts?
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a new type of battleship; largest battleship to date; "super battleship"
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Why is the assassination for Austria's Franz Ferdinand significant?
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it caused Austria-Hungary to want to help with investigation, or a fight would break out...which is what happened
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Gavrilo Princip represented who?
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The Black Hand
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Who could be considered the one man we could Blame for World War I?
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Kaiser Wilhelm 2
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Who comprised the Central Powers and Allied Powers?
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Central =Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy
Allied=Great Britain, France, & Russia |
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What was the Schlieffen Plan designed to prevent?
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Germany from fighting a 2 front war
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Why is the First Battle of Marne important?
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Results in trench war fare occurring along the entire western front
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Why is the Battle of Tannenberg significant?
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Germany's one and only win on land
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Why are the Dardanelles significant?
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reason for fighting between Turks vs Australia and New Zealand
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what two nations' armies were baptized in blood at Gallipoli?
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Australia and New Zealand
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Why does Great Britain blockade Germany's ports and how did Germany counter this?
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starve Germany; use submarines to get around blockade
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Why is the Battle of Jutland significant?
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Germany's naval fleet won
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What exactly did the Zimmerman Telegram contain?
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a promise to Mexico from Germany wanting Mexico to join the conflict by attacking U.S.A )distract US and US not both Germany)
also a promise to recover land taken by USA in Mexican war |
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What were Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and why are they important?
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plan on how to have permanent peace
League of Nations |
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How did Europe recieve the news of Woodrow Wilson's proposed Fourteen Points?
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not interested and "this is our conflict we don't need America telling us what to do."
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What was the armistice?
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formally bringing the war to an end
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Where was Adolf Hitler when World War I ended and how did the war's end affect him?
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sitting in a hospital recovering from a gas attack
he was devastated |
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What provisions did the Treaty of Versailles contain?
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Germany had to pay war reparations, germany's military capacity is reduced, and France regains the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine
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What was Article 231
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proclaimed Germany was responsible for starting the war
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This empire's collapse led to the formation of the modern Middle East?
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Ottoman Empire
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Why did Alexandra seek advice from Grigori Rasputin?
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"witch doctor" for help about Alexei (her son) hemophiliac
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How did teh March Revolution begin?
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food riots, troops fire on protesters in Petrograd
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Why was St. Petersburg renamed Petrograd?
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sounded more Russian, Petrograd means St. Petersburg in Russian
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Alexander Kerensky
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socialist that heads the provisional government
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Who was Vladimir I. Lenin and why is he significant?
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exiled to Siberia when talks of Revolution, returns to Russia in a sealed train
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What country engineered Lenin's return to Russia and why did they do this?
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Germany; opportunity to take Russia out of the war
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What did the Bolsheviks offer the Russian people?
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peace, land, and bread
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What was Leon Trotsky's role in the Revolution?
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uses his influence to help Bolsheviks to seize power
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Why is the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk significant?
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removes Russia from the war
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The civil war that occurred in Russia from 1917 until 1921 was between what two forces?
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Whites (Anti-Bolshevik forces)
& Reds (Bolshevik forces) |
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What does the train scene from the film Dr. Zhivago represent?
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peasants represent Old russia
soldiers are new Russia train represents future Russia |
