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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
____ ____________ __ began ruling Russia
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Czar Nicholar II
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family name was
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romanov
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Followers of the ideas of ___ ____ organized two major political parties
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Karl Marx
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name these two major political parties that were formed by the followers of the ideas of Karl Marx
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Bolsheviks
Mensheviks |
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name the leader of the Bolsheviks
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Vladimir Lenin
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Revolution of _______
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1905
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In 1905 the ____ ___________ ____ (which Russia later ___) was making the ______ governments even more ___________
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Russo-Japanese war (which Russia later lost) was making the czarist governments even more unpopular
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Thousands of __________ _______ marched the czar's palace to ask for better _____ _________ and _________ ________
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factory workers marched to the czar's palace to ask for better working conditinos and better pay
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The czar was _______ ____
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not there
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Although the group was _________, soldiers killed ________. This was later called _________ _________
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peaceful, soldiers killed hundreds
Called Bloody Sunday |
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________ and _________ occurred throughout the country
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strikes and riots
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_______ were organized
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Soviets
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Define a Soviet
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Groups or councils of workers that voiced worker's complaints
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This document was released by Nicholas II
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October Manifest
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The October Manifest included (2) things
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1. A constitution which would guarantee more rights
2. A Parliament called the Duma would make laws |
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Later the czar would little power to this group
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Duma
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The Revolution ended. Conditions changed ________
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little
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World war one was _________ due to the many Russian _________ and the _______ _______ of the war and the __ government
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unpopular due to the many russian casualities and the bad management ofthe war and the czar government
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________ _ personally took command of the ________ _______. He left his ___ in control of the government
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Nicholas II personally took command of the Russian troops.He left his wife in control of the government
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Alexandra ( the czarina) allowed _________ _________ (Grigori) tohave much influence in the government
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Gregory Rasputin
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Rasputin had the ability to help ________
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Alexis
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Son of Nicholas and Alexandra
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Alexis
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Heir to the throne
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Alexis
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had hemophilia
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Alexis
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had hemophilia
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Alexis
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___________ was unpopular with many _________ and on December 1916 he was assassinated
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Rasputin, Russians
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March Revolution of _____
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1917
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in march 1917 ____ broke out
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riots
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Czar was forced to __________
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abdicate
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A ___________ (temporary) government was organized
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provisional
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Was not Communist
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the provisional government
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Continued Russia's involvement in WW1q
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The provisoinal government
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The Germans arranged for ____ the Bolshevik leader, to return to Russia in April 1917
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Lenin
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Lenin had been in exile in ____________
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Switzerland
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Lenin promised the __________ that if he took over ________, then he would withdraw _______ from World War I
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Germans that if he took over Russia, he would withdraw Russia from WWI
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This was Lenin's slogan
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"Peace, bread and land"
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Lenin called for Russia's _________ _________ ______________, _________ for everbody, and _____ for the peasants
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withdrawal from WWIL, food for everybody and land for the peasants
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________ Revolution of 19___
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November Revultion of 1917
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Also called the Bolshevik Revolution
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November Revolution of 1917
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Overthrew the provisional government
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Bolsheviks
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Leader of the provisional government
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Alexander Kerensky
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Fled Russia
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Alexander Kerensky
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Later lived the U.S.
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Alexander Kerensky
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Who became the new Russian leader
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Lenin
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negotiated a peace treaty with Germnay by which Russia withdrew from WWI
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Lenin
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negotiated a peace treaty with __________ by which Russia withdrew from _____
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Germany by which Russia withdrew from WWI
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Lost much territory as a result of the treaty
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Russia
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Became known as Communists
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Bolsheviks
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controlled the government but a civil war was fought between the ______ and those who opposed them
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Bolsheviks controlled the government-war was fought between the Bolsheviks
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name for the communist army
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The Reds
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__________ executed the czar and his family
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Communists
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Rumors said that
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one or more of the family members escaped
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Dozens of people claimed to be the daighter named
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Anastasia
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It is highly _________ that any of the family members ____________
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unlikely-members escaped
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Millions died from _____, _________ and __________ during the _________ _________ ______
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disease, warefare and starvation during the Russian Civil War
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Thousands suspected of opposing the Bolsheviks were _________
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executed
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Communists attempted to abolish ____________
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religion
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Because of the drastic problems facing Russia, Lenin began the ____
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NEC
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What did the NEP stand for?
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New Economic Policy
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who started teh NEP?
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Lenin
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rUSSIA became known as the
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
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A power struggle developed between _____ _________ and ________ _________ over who would take Lenin's place
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Leon Trotsky and Joseph Lenin
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________ exiled _________ to Siberia
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Stalin exiled Trotsky
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Stalin then _____ trotsky to Siberia
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expelled
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_________ was dictator of the USSR until his death
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Stalin
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assassinated while living in mexico
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trotsky
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Stalin was ____, _____ and _________
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shrewd, ruthless, and paranoid
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Ended the NEP
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Stalin
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set goals in quotas for agriculture and industry
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NEP, set by Stalin
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___________ _________- increased tremendously though many products were of poor quality
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industrial production
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________ ___________ of land was ended
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private ownership
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Farmers were forced to live on ____________ __________ ___________
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government owned farms
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Those who resisted were ___________ or imprisoned-millions of others starved
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killed
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Used a series of purges
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Stalin
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Purpose-eliminate those who __________ with him and those he considered to be a ______ to him
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disagreed, threat
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Who were some of the people Stalin "purged"?
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Most Bolshevik leaders who had worked with Lenin
Many army officers |
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by several major world countries virtually controlled parts of
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China
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What happened in the Revolution of 1911?
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The Chinese overthrew their emperor and the ruling dynasty (royal family)
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One of the leaders in the movement to overthrow the dynasty
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Sun Yat-Sen
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Became first president of the Republic of China
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Sun Yat-Sun
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Established a political party called the _____________
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Sun Yat-Sen (Kuomintang, Guomindang)
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Much of China was the control of Chinese ________
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warlords
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What is a Chinese warlord?
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Military leader with their own private army
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____________ wanted to defeat these warlords so China could be _________
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Kuomintang, unified
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Leader of the non-communist part of China
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Chiang Kai-Shek
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Known as the National Chinese
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Non-communist part of China
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Leader of the communist part of Russia
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Mao Zedong
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A ____ war began between Chiang's and Mao's army
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civil
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Includes such nations as New Zealand, South Africa, Canada and Australia
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Commonwealth of Nations
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Name the nations in the Commonwealth of Nations
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New Zealand, South Africa, Canada, Australia
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The commonwealth of nations was also called the ____________ _______________
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British Commonwealth
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The Commonwealth of Nations is a _____________ group consisting of ______________, and most of the independent countries once under ______ control
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voluntary group consisting of Britain and most of the independen coutries once under British control
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Chief spokesman of a movement in ____ that wanted India to have __________ from Britain
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Mohandis Gandhi/India/independence
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"Mahatma" means
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"Great Soul"
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Used civil disobedience
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Mohandas Ghandi
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Define civil disobedience
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peaceful refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust
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civil disobedience is also called
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passive resistance
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Illegal, but peaceful protestin
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civil disobedience or passive resistance
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Followed mnay of Gandhi's ideas
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Martin Luther King Junior
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Largely because of Gandhi's leadership, Great Britain granted India more self government but not
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independence
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Assassinated
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Gandhi
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Most countries had high unemployment rates for much of this period
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WWI-WWII
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There was a _________ ___________ by the 1930's
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worldwide depression
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France had built a line of ___________ along its _______ with _______, ____________ and a small portion of ________
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fortifications along its borders with Germany, Luxembourg and a small portion of Belgium
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These french fortifications were called the
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Maginot Line
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Purpose of te Maginot Line
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to stop German attack
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stop the Germans in WWII
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Did not
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Organized a political party called the Fascist party
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Benito Mussolini
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Mussolini's followers were called the "_____ _____"
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Black Shirts
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Became Prime Minister of _____; also became the ______ of the nation
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Italy, dictator
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Mussolini used the title " __ _____" which means ______ _______
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il Duce which means great leader
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After WWI Germany's new government was a democratic one called the ________ _________
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Weimer Republic
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_________- had difficulty paying the large reparations it owed
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Germany
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German money, the ______, had become nearly worthless
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mark
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the WWI allies _________ ___ __________ _______ ________ _____ _______ Germany had to pay each year-this helped Germany's situation
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agreed to reduce the amount of money
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Corporal in the Germany army
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Adolf Hitler
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joined political party called the ____
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Nazis
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took part in a Nazi attempt to
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overthrow the German government, Adolf Hitler
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this attempt to overthrow the german government ______
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failed
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Hitler was then _______ _______ ____________
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thrown in jail for joining the attempt to overthrow the government
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in ___ he wrote a autobiography called "_____ _____" outlinin his ideas
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jail, Mein Kamf
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Hitler claimed the Germans were a "________ _______"
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master race
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later hitler was appointed _________--
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chancellor
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equivalent of Prime Minister
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chancellor
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Shortly after taking office, the Reichstag building ________
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burned
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Hitler blamed the fire on the ___________
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communists
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The fire was probably set by the __________
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communists
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Hitler asked for and received ________ ________ from the _________ to handle the situation
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emergency power from the Reichstag to handle the situation
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Soon Hitler became ______
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dictator
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He used the secret police _______ to eliminate anyone he disliked
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Gestapo
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He took the title "__ ______"
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der Fuhrer
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what did der fuhrer mean?
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the leader
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He called his government the _________ _________
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Third Reich
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both hitler and mussolini
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established a totalitarian government
Hated Communism |
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German Nazis and Italian Fascists are
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reactionary
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communists are
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radical
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Gained power largely due to economic depression in their countries
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Mussolini and Hitler
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Virtually worshipped by the Japanese
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Emperor Hirohito
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Had little government power
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Hirohito
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When Japan experience economic problems, its ______ ___________ took control of the government
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military leaders
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Japan owned a railroad in ________
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Manchuria
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In 1931 an explosion occurred on the railroad and Japan used it for an excuse to invade
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Manchuria
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Explosion was set by the ________
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Japanese
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when the League of Nations condemned Japan for invading _________, Japan ___________ from the League
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Manchuria, withdrew
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_______ and ____'s armies temporarily stopped their civil war to fight Japan
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Chiang's and Mao's
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Civil war occurred there
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Spain
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The Spanish Fascists were led by General
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Francisco Franco
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The Spanish Fascists received help from ________ and _____________
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italy and germany
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The spanish republicans wanted a ________
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republic
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a republic is when
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people elect their own representatives
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Some _________ ________ were communists
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spanish representatives
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_________ ______ sent soldier toheo this side
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Soviet Union, the spanish republicans
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Volunteers came from ________, _________ andthe __ to help the Republicans
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Britain, France, U.S.
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Fascists ___
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won
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__________ became dictator
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Franco
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remained neutral in WWII
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Spain
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January 1905
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Bloody Sunday, started when the people peacefully asked for better worknig conditions and better pay
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January revolutoin of 1905 was in
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Russia
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March 1917
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provisional government was set up
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Civil war occurred there
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Spain
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What happened march 1917?
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provisional (temporary_ governemnet was set up, the czar was forced to abdicate. Army joined cause of revolutoin
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November 1917
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Also called the Bolshevik REvolutoin
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Lenin became the new Russian leader in this revolutoin
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November 1917
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Revolution of 1911
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China
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consisted of the overthrowing of the royal family
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china, revolution of 1911
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Lenin became the new Russian leader in this revolutoin
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November 1917
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