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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what year did Columbus land in the New World?
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1492
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In the next 300 years after 1492 6 out of 7 people who crossed the Atlantic were not European but what?
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African
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What is the 16th century religious movement called that challenged the Catholic Church to return to the purer practices and beliefs of the early Church?
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Protestant Reformation
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What movement in Europe was the rebirth of the interest in the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome?
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Renaissance
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According to the authors what were all European supporters of religious reform called?
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Protestants
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What is the belief called that God decided at the moment of creation which humans would achieve salvation?
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Pre-Destination
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What did Christopher Columbus argue as the value of his voyage? (Had three points)
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Trade route to Asia, Convert Asians; spread Christianity, Form alliance with China
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Explain the Columbus Exchange
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When things (goods) start moving from the New world to Spain
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By the end of the 16th century which country was the only one to have permanent settlements in North America?
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Spain
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What people dominated the Valley of Mexico from 1100-1521?
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Aztecs
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What was the largest city of the mound building cultures?
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Cahokia
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Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas and Seneca United and are more popularly known as what nation?
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The great League of Peace and Power
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What was the long struggle ending in 1492 in which Spanish Christians took the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim occupiers?
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Reconquista
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Settlers and traders from which country settled the area that is now Canada and the Mississippi Valley?
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French
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What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World? In what year?
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Jamestown-1607
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What does it mean that Maryland and others were proprietary colonies?
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A colony created when the English monarch gave large amounts of land to certain people for a particular reason.
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What is a Joint-stock company?
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When people invest in sending other people to the New World to get a return in their investment.
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Powhatan and Pocahontas were associated with which settlement?
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Jamestown
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What was the significant crop in Virginia and Maryland?
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Tobacco
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What was the significant crop in the Caribbean Islands?
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Sugar
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Describe Anglicans
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Belong to the Church of England, a protestant denomination
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Describe Puritans
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Thought Queen Elizabeth needed to further reform the Church of England, lead the settlement of Massachusetts Bay colony
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Describe Quakers
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Members of the Society of Friends, arose in mid-17th century, and focused on “Inner Light” or the Holy Spirit within, important to founding of Pennsylvania.
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Describe Pilgrims
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Settlers of Plymouth colony saw themselves as spiritual wanderers.
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What was the name of the ship that took the Pilgrims to the New World?
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Mayflower
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Name the five major groups, not counting the Native Americans, that began to share North America.
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French, English, Spanish, Dutch-Netherlands, Africans
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What were the first two permanent English settlements in the New World and what are their dates?
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Plymouth-1620 and Massachusetts Bay Colony-1630
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Who was the founder of Rhode Island?
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Roger Williams
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What are slave codes?
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AKA black codes, series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in late 17th early 18th century denied slaves basic civil rights.
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John Winthrop described the settlers’ mission in New England as a formal agreement or contract with whom? What other term is used to describe this contract in New England?
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Contract with GOD! Known as a Covenant in New England
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What was peculiar about France’s relationship with the Native Americans? And their efforts to gain Indians’ souls, land and riches?
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The French started with a good relationship, and realized how trade could help them, however merchants began to use economic pressure to control the Indians.
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What was peculiar about the Spanish’s relationship with the Native Americans? And their efforts to gain Indians’ souls, land and riches?
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The Spanish wanted to take immediate control over the Indian workers, they used their military to take control of them. They also used encomienda which was where Spanish settlers were granted a certain number of Indian subjects who had to pay him tribute in goods and labor.
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What was peculiar about the English’s relationship with the Native Americans? And their efforts to gain Indians’ souls, land and riches?
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The English colonies competed with the Indians for land use, most of them came to farm and did not understand how the Indians used their land (in cycles to allow for re-fertilization) they also cut down forest where the Indians hunted, all in all it was just a mass of confusion.
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Describe the Pueblo Revolt
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This was a rebellion in 1680 of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico against their Spanish overlords, it was started by religious conflict and excessive Spanish demands for tribute (payment in goods or labor). The Spanish were beat at first and did not return for 13 years, however when they did return they did not ask so much of the Indians in fear of another revolt.
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What is New England’s labor system?
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Family Farms
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What do you know about slavery coming to the English colonies that will become the United States? When, where, why?
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It started in the 16th century, Africans would capture other Africans and sell them to the Europeans, it was started because the Europeans in the New World needed cheap labor.
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What was the most important colonial product in the 18th century?
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Sugar
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What were the 3 dominant plantation crops found in the colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries?
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Sugar, tobacco, and wheat
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What was the middle passage?
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The voyage between West Africa and the New World slave colonies
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Who was Olaudah Equiano?
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Born in 1745, came to America as a boy, worked as a servant of a naval officer, a barber, a laborer, and overseer. Saved money to buy his freedom, once freed wrote a vivid account about his capture and life in slavery one of first such accounts to be published.
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What was the Stono Rebellion? Who, where, why, outcome?
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Uprising in 1739 of South Carolina slaves because Spanish officials promised freedom if slaves escaped to Florida. They were defeated within a week but tensions were high for months.
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What is a creole?
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An African slave born in America.
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What word describes government intervention in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth?
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Mercantilism
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What do we call the major intellectual movement occurring in Western Europe in the late 17th and 18th centuries?
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The Age of Enlightenment
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What was the Halfway Covenant?
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A plan adopted in 1662 by New England Clergy to deal with the problem of declining church membership. Allowed children of baptized parents to be baptized whether or not their parents had experienced conversion.
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What do we call the religious revival that occurred in the middle of the 18th century?
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The Great Awakening
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What do we call the bloodless revolt that occurred in England in 1688 when parliamentary leaders invited William of Orange to be king?
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The Glorious Revolution
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What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution?
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William gained the support of most of the English army and James fled to France.
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Describe the French and Indian War, what, when, why, outcome…
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This was a war between the French, accompanied by the Delaware and Shawnee Indians, and the British colonies and army. Between 1754-1763. They wanted to claim all of the land east of the Mississippi and to get Canada. The French were defeated by the British in 1763 Britain became the first dominant world power from 1763-1948
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Who was the powerful preacher who significantly fanned the revival flames of the mid-18th century?
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George Whitfield
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What member of the Virginian gentry served well as a colonel in the British Army eventually leading them to victory over the French in Western PA?
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George Washington
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What is the difference between virtual representation and actual representation?
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Virtual representation is where parliament members represent the interest of the nation as a whole, whereas actual representation is where each district elects its own representative to speak for the needs of the particular area.
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What are the leading exports from each area of the British colonies?
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Cheasapeak- Tobacco, Lower South- Rice, Middle Colonies- Grain, New England- Fish, West Indies- Sugar
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What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?
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It was an imaginary line in the Appalachian mountains that settlers were not allowed to cross over to the West of, it was meant to keep the settlers on the East of the line and Indians on the West however some settlers were already there and people kept moving out there.
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What were the Quartering Acts?
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Americans must provide shelter, food, etc. for British soldiers, they cannot just come in and take over
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The Stamp act raised what constitutional issue?
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Taxation without representation
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What was the Boston Massacre?
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Took place on March 5, 1770 no one really knows how the first shots were fired, Paul Revere made the event seem larger than it actually was!
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What was the Boston Tea Party?
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Took place in December 1773 dumped £9000 (British pounds money) into the harbor
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What did leaders of the American colonies do in response to the Intolerable Acts?
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They formed the first continental congress….was like 12 different countries sending reps to form an alliance to take care of a mutual problem
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Who were the Tories?
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They were people who were in favor of parliament
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Who were the Whigs?
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They were people who were against parliament
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Who was the leader of the Boston Radicals?
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Samuel Adams
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What is republicanism?
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The idea that the government must exercise power but must be careful not to use too much power.
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In what two towns did the first two battles of the American Revolution take place? State?
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Lexington and Concord both in Massachusetts 1775
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Who were the minutemen?
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Special companies’ militia formed in Massachusetts made up of volunteers, ready to fight at a minutes notice
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Who did John Adams recommend to be the Commander in Chief of the continental Army?
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George Washington
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What document published in January 1776 sold more than 100,000 copies and it arguably the most important pamphlet in American History? Who wrote it? Argument?
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“Common Sense” written by Thomas Paine, argued that it was time for independence, said “How can an island rule a whole continent?” said “TIS TIME TO PART”
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What is the contract theory of government? Who was the late 17th century English philosopher who developed it?
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The belief that government is established by human beings to protect certain rights, life, liberty, and property. Developed by John Locke
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What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
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To announce and justify its decision to renounce the colonies’ allegiance to the British government.
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Who proposed the resolution in congress that the United States colonies, “are and of right ought to be free and independent states”? which colony was he from?
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John Adams from Massachusetts
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Who is the King of England? How did he respond to the Olive Branch Petition?
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George III was king, he rejects the Petition and declares the colonies in “rebellion”
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What are the three phases of the War for Independence?
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The North phase, the South frontier naval phase, the French join the war, and the South Yorktown, Virginia phase
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Where was the final battle? In what state?
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The last battle was fought in Yorktown, Virginia
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What are the three reason the textbook gives for the Americans winning the war?
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The French join the war, George Washington’s leadership, and British over competence and poor strategy
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What is Republican Theory?
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There is no King, the people sovereign representative government, have a written constitution
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What happened at Valley Forge?
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George Washington’s troops were quartered there December 1777 – July 1778 while British occupied Philadelphia during Revolutionary War.
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Who signed the Declaration of Independence for Delaware?
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Caesar Rodney, Thomas McKean and George Read
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What did the Puritans intend to do in the New World?
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They hoped to escape from religious persecution.
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