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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classical Age (date) |
490-323 BC |
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Hellenistic Age (date) |
323-30 BC |
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Sparta |
-Constitutional mix -Incredible military -lead by two Kings -Spartan Council of Elders had the two Kings and 28 elected citizens for life -All Spartan citizens welcome at assembly -5 officials ephors - 1-year terms |
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Xerxes Invasion of Greece (includes date) |
480-479 BC Xerxes becomes King after his father Darius; the Persians have a grudge on the Greeks because of the Ionian Revolt in the Persian Empire which Athens aided, and the Persians are also very expansionist, so he declares war. |
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Persian Wars (includes date) |
480-479 BC War between Greeks and Persians |
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Polis |
Independent city-state |
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Themistocles (include ostracism date) |
-Athenian politician -Did not come from an aristocratic family unstable young man -Father discouraged him from politics -Proposed silver mines' revenue be used to build triremes -Turned Athens' navy into what it became -Won the naval battle at Salamis -Champion of the lower class -Ostracized in 471 for supposedly consorting with Pausanias |
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Battle of Thermopylae |
the stand of the Spartans and some other Greeks, 7000 in all, lead by Leonidas, at the narrow Thermopylae pass; the Greeks were ousted by a traitor who told Xerxes how to surround the pass; Leonidas found out and sent many Greeks home, leaving about 400 men left to fight, 300 of those being Spartans; the Greeks were killed to the last man - became eulogized. Attempt to keep off the Persian advance into Greece. |
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Battle of Salamis |
Naval battle fought between Persians and Greeks - Greeks lead by Themistocles, and although they were greatly outnumbered, the Persian numbers proved a hindrance to them in the Strait and the Greeks won |
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Plutarch |
biographer and essayist, not really an historian, wrote about the "Lives" of many Greek leaders |
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Delian League |
-formed in 477 BC -alliance of Greeks with Athens as the core leader. Formed to work against any further Persian invasions. Members of the league sent tribute to Athens in the form of money and ships so that the Athenians could build up their army and navy in order to be the main force. |
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Delos |
-an island in Greece where the treasury for the Delian League was originally located - got moved to Athens - supposedly for security, but really a play on power. |
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Naxos (include date) |
the first to try to withdraw from the league in 469 BC, which Athens halted by force |
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Thasos (include date) |
revolted from league in 465 BC |
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Two Consequences of Expansion |
-Democracy being built at the same time of the expansion of the empire and the war and tribute money allows Athens to actually pay the officials to make it possible.
-Sparta (and everyone else) begins to resent Athens. |
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Pausanias |
-Served as regent to dead Leonidas' underage son -Originally a general in Sparta -Lead the Greek victory at Plataea -Accused of consorting with the Persians, when they went to arrest him he fled into the temple of Athena and was starved out. |
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Aristides |
-Athenian statesman -Served as a general during the Persian Wars -Themistocles' main opponent -Advocate for stopping the progression of democracy to stay where it's at, as well as conservative view of strengthening the land army -ostracized and recalled -commander of Athenian forces at Plataea |
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Eurymedon (include date) |
Naval battle held during the Persian Wars in 467 BC; lead by Cimon; immediately followed up with a land battle and capture of reinforcements. |
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Trireme |
fast, maneuverable warship with 3 levels of oars; 15 ft. wide by 120 ft. long; held 170 rowers; used ramming tactics |
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Demos |
the population of people |
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Cimon |
-Son of Miltiades -Lead the Delian League -Commanded the Greeks by virtue and skill, not force. -Freed Aegean of pirates, drove Persians out of Thrace, etc. -spent his own money on fellow citizens; invited them to eat fruit from his fields, eat at his house every night, traded his clothes with poor people, etc. -incorruptible lead at the battle of Eurymedon used Athens' tribute money to make the Acropolis pretty -Didn't take Macedon when he was in the position to, so was accused of being bribed by Alexander; impeached but acquitted -very pro-Spartan; convinced Athens to help them after an earthquake but everything was awkward and lead to a battle and Cimon was ostracized; but then Athenians saw how hard his followers and friends fought for Athens and felt bad so recalled him. |
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Cleisthenes Democratic Reforms (include date) |
507 BC Father of Athenian democracy -Sectioned Athens into 10 demes according to geography instead of blood relations -elected people in them by lot to serve positions -organized the Council of 500 -made role of assembly more prominent -created ostracism |
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Thirty Years' Peace (include date) |
445-431 BC States that neither state can interfere with the others' allies, no allies an switch sides, neutrals are free to join either side, disagreements settled by arbitration, and each alliance leader is free to use force to resolve conflicts within their own alliance |
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Argos and Syracuse (include date) |
Democratized in the 490s BC Argos used ostracism, while Syracuse used petalism |
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Ephialtes' Reforms (include assassination date) |
-diminished the role of the Council of the Areopagus -assassinated in 461 BC |
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Demokratia |
demos (all the people) + kratos (power) |
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Monarchy |
rule by the one |
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Oligarchy |
rule by the aristocratic few |
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Council of 500 (BOULE) |
elected officials that met in the bouleuterion many times a month to come up with the agenda of topics for each assembly |
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Areopagus Council |
council of archon elders in the city |
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Dikasteria |
popular courts in which citizens argued cases before a group of lottery-selected jurors |
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Ekklisia |
the assembly |
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Sophocles Antigone (include date) |
441 BC -Part of a 3-part series of plays written out of order: Oedipus Tyrannus, Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone -Poleis vs. family; human law vs. divine law; man vs. woman; order vs. rebellion; might vs. right; etc. -Two tragic figures |
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Dionysia |
theatre festival in Athens in which 3 playwrights presented 3 tragedies; created by tyrant Pisistratus |
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Aeschylus |
-First great tragedian -Added the second actor -Won 13 times -7 plays survive |
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Sophocles |
-Most famous tragedian -added 3rd actor -Won about 23 times; never came in lower than second place -Uppsed the chorus from 12-15 -Created people as they should be |
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Euripides |
-Last great tragedian -Very controversial -Created people as they are |
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Classical Art |
humanistic and movement-focused |
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Euripides' Bacchae (include date) |
405 BC -Very controversial -Avoid excess of anything except the gods -Women are crazy - |
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Oikos |
the household |
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Epikleros |
a woman who is widowed; expected to marry closest male relative immediately so the property is kept within the family |
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Women in the Household (Athens vs. Sparta) |
-Politically excluded -Do not talk, are not talked about, are not seen -manage the household - property, slaves, finances, etc. -Can't own propery -Women worked outside if from a poor household -Mourn and weep loudly at funerals -Spartan women could own property and work outside |
