History Of Psychology

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Ladd Franklin

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psychological psychologist. woman came up with theory of color vision / color blindness & that colors had own receptors.

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Fourier:

Back 2

Analysis of hearing. Sign waves make it up.

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Glisson

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Disputes descarted "brain is a pump" When muscles contract they get smalled. Put his arm in a bucket of water - simple experiment.

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Aguilonis

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Horptr after shared vision of experience.

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Bessel

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Person Equation. Mean of observation across astronomers is the mean -/+ a constant error. Individual differences are measurable and leads to application of normal distribution.

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current of injury

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Shows electricities flowing along the neuron. Showed/demonstrated on the baattle field now called wave of negativity.

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action proper

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certain parts of brain with specific functions.

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action commune

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whole brain works together, can't individualize it.

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sensory motor nerves

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localization of spinal nerves. (Galen)

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Dark adaptation

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adjustment of recptors in the eye. Takes time to go from bright to dark.

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retinal disparity

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images on one retin are not the same.

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unconsious inference

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Helmholtz depth perception mind works at warp speed. Fast calculations is false. Habit is automatic.

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simple reaction

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reflex/stimulus leads to a response.

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individual differences

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individuals perceieve things differently.

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uncertainty principle

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indeterminism

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monists

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only one relity. Materislist are monists b/c only matter exhists. Idealists are monists b/c everything is the result of human consiousness there for mental.

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Dualist

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anyone who believes there are two aspects to humans. One physical, one mental.

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epiphenomenalism

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emergentism that states mental events come from brain activity but mental evens are subsequently behaviorally irrelevant

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interactionsm

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answer to min/bosy problem is maintaining that bodily experiences influence mind & mind influences body.

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empiricism

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all knowledge is experience

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double aspectism

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bodily and mental events are inseperable. Two aspects to every experience.

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pre-established harmony

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body & mentl events are serperate but correlated because both were designed to run identical courses.

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nativism

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important human attributes are inherent

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psycho physical parralism

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experiencing something in the physical world causes bodily and mind to simultaneously but they are independent

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thales

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1st philosopher. Natural explanations. Started the golden age of Greek philosophy. Believed water is the primary element which everything comes from.

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Democritus

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atoms as phsyis. First to have a materialistic view of the world & humans.

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Empedocles

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Four basic elements: earth, fire, air, & water. Theory of perception & the theory of evolution that discussed natural selection.

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Hippocrates

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Father of modern medicine because he assumed disease had natural causes. Health is good when four things are balances. Disease happened when they are imbalanced.

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Pythagoras

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Abstract world exherted influence on the phsycial world. Dualistic view. Human soul is immortal. Influenced plato & the western world.

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Galen

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associated each of Hippocrates four humors with temperment theory for personality

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socrates

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believed that by examining a number of manisfestations of a concept, the concept could be described clearly & precisely. Thre were known & when known, led to moral behavior.

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Aristotle

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sensory experience was the basis of all knowledge. Everything in nature has a purpose that determines its potential. Active reason gave humans greatest potential.

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Plato

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First deciple of Socrates. Abstract world of forms or ideas that when manisfedted in matter make up empirical world. Only true knowledge is gained by looking at innate contents of the soul.

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Epicurus

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Best life is one of long-term pleasure resulting from moderation.

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St. Augistine

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Validity of inner subjective exp. said that one can know God through introspection as well as through revealed thruth of scripture. Human free will.

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Magnus

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comprehensive review of Aristotles world. Observed nature.

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William if Occam

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reality is what we experience directly there is no need to answer a higher reality beyond our sense.

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Abu Ibn Sina

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Arabic physicim & phylosopher whose translations of artistotles senses, memory, influences western cultures.

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Personalistic

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view individuals as the prime movers in the ide.

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Free will

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active mind causes it to do things.

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Euclid

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Geometry, greek mathematician

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Roger Bacon

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Renaissance. Rediscovered artistotle & pushed into western culture along with Aquinas & Mangnus.

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Biomedical perspective

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Hypocrites - how does the body function?

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Mystism

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metaphysical explanations, explanations based on unobservables.

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Psyche

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root of psychologies "mind"

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Pure reason

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Kant said that truth can be found based on rational beliefs.

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Pax romana

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Period of roman peace.

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papal authority

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Transition from Roman Law to civil rule that failed. Christianity/ the pope took over and saved the city

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neoplatanism

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Fate is predeterminied - platanists took stoic, blended with Christianity and blamed the epicurians. DOminant christian philosophy.

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scholasticism

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people more educated. Movement said that an educated person didn't have to accept things based on faith and could use rational processes.

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Inquisition

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Weakened the churches hold on science and led to the revolution and renaissance

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Stoics

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fate sealed when you are born, for the best life, accept it.

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Newton

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science renaissance man that led to advances in physic. Said science is individual from church dogma. Physcal laws.

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depth perception

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Decartes - native to compute geometric problems.

Barkley - its automatic from experience.

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apperception

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awareness

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zietgiest

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spirit of times

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presentism

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interpretting & evaluating historical events in terms of contemporary knowledge & standards

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paradigm (kuhn)

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stage in the development of sceince during which scientific activites are guided by a paradigm

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psychic determinism

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mental causes of behavior

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physical determinism

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material causes of behavior

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indeterminism

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determines true but measuring causes/influences the causes making it impossible to know for sure.

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non-determinism

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human thought/behaviors freely are chosed by the indivudal and isn't caused by actedecent or mental events.

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Popper

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Theory guides observation therefore theory explicit or implicit must come first. Science is rigorous.

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Kuhn

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Science has subjectivity. Paradigms govern science.

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Stevens

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sceince is a flow from deductive to inductive periods. Schema empiric

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Heisenberg

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Nothing can ever be known in science. Attempting to observe behvior we change it - indeterminism.