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197 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What constitutes the invention or origin of photography? |
A. Light sensitive material |
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Camera Obscura |
- looks like a breadbox wiith hole - large format camera |
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Jan Vermeer |
- used camera obscura |
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Silhouette |
- proto-photographic technique |
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Physionotrace |
- pushing beyond silhouette |
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Camera Lucida |
-attaches to table |
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In which way do pre-photographic devices presage the camera? In which ways are they different from our conception of photography? |
**art historical precedent: capturing reality - goal to be most convincing/illusionary. |
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Joseph Nicepehere Niépce |
LIGHT SENSITIVE MATERIALS |
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John Frederick Herschel |
From Notes: |
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Louis Jacques -Mande Daguerre |
CAMERA OBSCURA AND LENS |
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1835 Daguerreotype |
- sheer detail |
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1837 - Still life (interior of a cabinet of curiosities) |
-experimenting with still life |
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Hallmarks of Daguerreotype Process |
- captures shape, dimension, texture |
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Francois Arago |
- important contact of Daguerre |
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Publication of Photography |
January 6 1839 - Arago announces invention of photography to public |
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Daguerreotypemanie |
-people obsessed imagine taking it everywhere (boats, hot air balloons) |
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Hippolyte Bayard |
1839 - developed own process; direct paper positive |
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October 1840 - Self Portrait as Drowned Man |
- feels scorned - no one remembers Bayard |
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Wedgwood & Davy |
FROM NOTES: |
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Antoine Florence |
From Notes: |
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William Henry Fox Talbot |
- "cranky, ornery, SOB" |
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Lattice Window Taken with Camera Obscura |
- using paper negatives |
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Talbottype |
Hallmarks: |
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Heliograph |
Heliography (in French, héliographie) is the photographic process invented by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce around 1822,[1] which he used to make the earliest known permanent photograph from nature, View from the Window at Le Gras (c. 1826). The process used bitumen, as a coating on glass or metal, which hardened in relation to exposure to light. When the plate was washed with oil of lavender, only the hardened image area remained. |
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cyanotype |
Anna Atkins |
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Photogenic Drawings |
- Talbot |
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What is photography's second invention? Why is it so important? |
How do I use it? How do I make money? |
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The Pencil of Nature |
-by William Henry Fox Talbot |
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Talbot, The Open Door |
- showing artistic side of photography |
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The Reading Establishment |
Talbot |
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Hill and Adamson |
- Hill sees potential of photography |
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Dr. Alexander Keith |
-photograph isn't end |
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Rev. Calvert Jones |
Scottish |
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Daguerreotype in America |
- wealthy enough to afford |
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Daguerreotype and Science |
Pursuit: trying to capture things hard to capture - i.e.: astronomy |
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John Adam Whipple and George Phillips Bond |
Daguerreotype and Science |
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Medical Photography |
Dr. Hugh W. Diamond - great experiment early photography ; photographed people as they came into Medical asylum; early age of mental illness/neurosis treatment; this is where you started - hoped for improvement |
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Dr. Hugh W. Diamond |
great experiment - early photography; Dr. @ Surrey County Asylum |
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Samuel F.B. Morse |
- morse code - scientifically mindd |
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Post Mortem Photography |
1839 Experience with death? |
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Edgar Allen Poe |
- common/popular subject |
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J. T. Zealy |
S. Carolina - Peabody Museum Boston |
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Southworth and Hawes |
-culmination of Daguerreotype - apex |
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Southworth and Hawes, Self Portrait |
-poetic expression |
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Daguerreotype Portraits |
- quite uncomfortable |
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ethnology |
the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the origins, distribution, technology, religion, language, and social structure of the ethnic, racial, and/or national divisions of humanity.[1] |
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racial typology |
Typology in anthropology is the division of the human species by races. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, anthropologists used a typological model to divide people from different ethnic regions into races, (e.g. the Negroid race, the Caucasoid race, the Mongoloid race, the Australoid race, and the Capoid race which was the racial classification system as defined in 1962 by Carleton S. Coon)[1]. This approach focused on traits that are readily observable from a distance such as head shape, skin color, hair form, body build, and stature. |
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The Disruption or |
Painted by David Octavius Hill |
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work (emblem) portrait |
Americans - defined themselves by their professions |
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where and in who hands does the calotype thrive? |
Scotland - Adamson and HIll |
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Dr. Samuel Bemis |
-overexposed images - blue tint |
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Platt Babbitt |
-captures people @ Niagra Falls - compare to Disneyland pictures |
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George Banard |
-captures famous fires @ Oswego Mills |
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Claude Glass |
-convex mirror - tinted brown |
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Maxime du Camp |
-decides to go down and photograph Egypt |
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Missions Heliographiques |
-using calotype process |
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Gustave Le Gray |
-waxes negative |
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Edouard Baldus |
-photographing contemporary France - Station @ Toulon |
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Gustave Le Gray |
-Rogue - constantly in trouble |
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Albumen Process |
-most prevalent type of print til 189 |
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Wet Plate Collodion Process |
1851 - 1880 |
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Francis Frith |
-gets rich - grape trade |
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Louis Desire Blanquart Eduqrd |
1. First to publish the procedure for the calotype negative/positive paper process in France |
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Ambrotype |
-comes out at the end of the daguerreotype |
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Tintype |
-American phenomenon |
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Carte de Visite |
Andre Adophe Eugene Disderi |
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Cabinet Cards |
photograph celebrities; you can create things |
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Stereograph |
by 1880s/1890s - 20 million produced every year |
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John Thomoson |
Far East 1864 - 1872 |
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Why do we photograph war? |
images of war resonate; |
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War Painting |
How does it portray war? |
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Crimean War |
1854 - 1856 |
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Roger Fenton |
-studies with Delarohce |
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Valley of the Shadow of Death 1856 |
Roger Fenton |
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Charge of the Light Brigade |
Alfred Lord Tennyson poem that is about the same area/event that Roger Fenton's photograph is |
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Robert Capa |
"If your pictures aren't good enough, you aren't close enough" |
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Larry Burrows |
-English, dies in Laos (one of 9 photogs who dies in Vietnam war) |
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John Paul Filo |
-pullitzer prize winner |
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Eddie Adams |
-anybody could be an enemy |
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Abu Ghraib Prison Photos |
-escalated war |
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Joe Rosenthal |
-crucial, but costly battle |
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Mexican American War |
-fought for land |
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Mexican American War |
-fought for land |
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Felice Beato |
-taken immeditaely after capture |
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Civil War |
1861 - 1865 |
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Civil War |
-had learned Dageurreotpye from Morris |
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Battle of Antietum |
-Brady showed images of war people had never seen |
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Gardner's Photographic Sketchbook of War |
-pricey |
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Incidents of War, The Harvest of Death, Gettysburg |
Civil war photography |
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Timothy O'Sullivan |
-plate 41 |
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George Banard |
-one of Matthew Brady's guys |
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Bradys' Civil War Results |
-5,712 plates |
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William Bell |
-Army medical museum photographer |
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Abe's assassin in Photography |
-Alexander Gardner documents all figures associated with plot |
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Spiritualism |
-tremendous explosion after Civil war |
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Mumler Portraits |
-conjure up dead |
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Spiritualism and WWI |
-spirit emanations |
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WWI Photography |
-soldiers not allowed to carry cameras - phootso so demoralizing |
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Eugene Smith |
WWII |
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Korean Conflict |
-David Douglas Duncan - specializes in war photography |
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Vietnam War in Photography |
-military allowed journalists to embed themselves in with troops |
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Brian Walski |
LA Times |
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Iraqi War Photography |
-Abu Ghraib photos |
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Korean Conflict |
-David Douglas Duncan - specializes in war photography |
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Vietnam War in Photography |
-military allowed journalists to embed themselves in with troops |
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Brian Walski |
LA Times |
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Iraqi War Photography |
-Abu Ghraib photos |
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Korean Conflict |
-David Douglas Duncan - specializes in war photography |
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Vietnam War in Photography |
-military allowed journalists to embed themselves in with troops |
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Brian Walski |
LA Times |
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Iraqi War Photography |
-Abu Ghraib photos |
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Nick UT |
- Vietnam Napalm, June 8, 1972 |
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American West |
reality VS ideal perception |
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Humphrey Lloyd Hime |
-absolutely flat |
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What justified push westward? |
-John Gast, Westward HO! 1872 |
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Alexander Gardner and American west |
-making images interesting to East - prairie dogs |
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A.J. Russell |
-official photographer of Union Pacific line |
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American West |
reality VS ideal perception |
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Humphrey Lloyd Hime |
-absolutely flat |
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What justified push westward? |
-John Gast, Westward HO! 1872 |
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Alexander Gardner and American west |
-making images interesting to East - prairie dogs |
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A.J. Russell |
-official photographer of Union Pacific line |
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Charles R. Savage |
-Mormon convert |
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U.S. Geological Survey Basics |
-William Henry Jackson |
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U.S. Geological Survey Basics |
-40th Parallel |
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U.S. Geological Survey Basics |
-Southwest |
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U.S. Geological Survey Basics |
-Timothy O' Sullivan |
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U.S. Geological Survey Basics |
Hayden: |
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Clarence King Expedition |
40th Parallel |
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Wheeler Survey |
-Wheeler = military man |
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Timothy O' Sullivan |
-part of Wheeler survey |
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Historic Spanish Record of the Conquest South side of Inscription |
Tim O' Sullivan |
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U.S. Geological Survey Basics |
Hayden: |
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Clarence King Expedition |
40th Parallel |
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Wheeler Survey |
-Wheeler = military man |
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Timothy O' Sullivan |
-part of Wheeler survey |
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Historic Spanish Record of the Conquest South side of Inscription |
Tim O' Sullivan |
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Hayden Survey |
William Henry Jackson |
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William Henry Jackson |
-all images of West vital in shaping our view of the West |
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John Wesley Powell Expedition |
John "Jolly Jack" Hillers |
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John Hillers |
-Hopi Mesa, 1872 |
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San Francisco |
-headquarters of Photography in West |
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Darian Survey |
Timothy O'Sullivan |
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100th Meridian |
As Weston Naef has pointed out, photography on the Geological Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, as the expedition commanded by Lieutenant George M. Wheeler of the Army Corps of Engineers was called, "was not so much a scientific tool as it was a means of publicizing the Survey's accomplishments in the hopes of persuading Congress to fund military rather than civilian expeditions in the future." |
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Alexander Gardner and railroads |
-two years after civil war |
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Westward teh Course of Empire Takes its Way! |
-shows workers and pioneers laying track at the end of the line. |
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Carleton Watkins |
Watkins - Cape Horn Near Celilo, 1867 |
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Muybridge in Yosemite |
-frotnal lobe damage - wildly create; constant state of mania |
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Muybridge in Guatemala |
-makes beautiful album |
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Muybridge |
-stopped time |
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Muybridge |
-gets involved with Leland Stanford - wealthy individual has an enormous farm with horses of top quality - horse, status symbo |
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Zoopraxiscope 1879 |
--starts to combine images |
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Muybridge |
- "An electrophotographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal movement" |
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What was Muybridge trying to accomplish? w/ Animal Locomotion |
-eyes can't stop time |
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Thomas Eakins and photography |
-instrumental in bringing Muybridge to Pennsylvania |
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Eakins Motion Study with Edward Muybridge Notations |
-combined all images |
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E J Marey |
-Scientist - not a photographer |
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E.J. Marey |
-how is his process different? multiple exposures - same negative |
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E. J. Marey |
Cat Falling - how does a cat always land on its feet? |
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Marey |
-patterns |
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Bacon after Muybridge |
Bacon and Duchamp looking to science |
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The Lumiere Brothers |
Invention of film |
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Wilhelm Rontgen |
The hand of Mrs. Wilhem Rontgen - the 1st xray image, 1895 |
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Wilson Bentley |
snowflake photographer |
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Art and the Daguerreotype |
making it looke like actual paintings |
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Academy |
-set style and taste |
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Merits of photography sketches |
-cheaper |
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Eugene Durieu and Eugene Delacroix |
-Delacroix starts to incorporate these things |
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Cliche Verre |
-draw on photographic plate and expose it |
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Nadar |
AKA -Gaspare Felix Tornachon |
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Gustave Le Gray |
-seen during Mission Heliographique |
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Oscar Reijlander |
-influenced by Le Gray |
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Oscar Reijlander |
- submits to important exhibition |
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Henry Peach Robinson |
-profoundly influenced by Gustave Le Grey |
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Henry Peach Robinson |
-propopent of combination printing |
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Julia Margaret Cameron |
BEAUTY |
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Lewis Carroll |
-wrote Alice in Wonderland |
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Alice Liddell as the Beggar Maid |
-Alice becomes important part of Carroll's work |
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Art and (VS) Photography |
-Academic naturalism/realism |
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Latent Image |
an image that had been registeredon the silver surface of a plate, but which was not yet visible. |
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diorama |
The word diorama can either refer to a nineteenth century mobile theatre device, or, in modern usage, a three-dimensional full-size or miniature model, sometimes enclosed in a glass showcase for a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies such as military vehicle modeling, miniature figure modeling or aircraft modeling. The art of creating miniature figures and landscapes first made its appearance in the sixth century, in Japan. This art of miniature landscapes is called "Bonkei." The art of "Bonsai", the art of growing miniature trees in pots, and making them look like their natural counterparts, is thought to have its origins at around this same time period. |
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John Thomson |
"street dwellers such as the woman pictured here were termed 'crawlers' because tehy would occasionally have enough cash to buy tea leaves, then "crawl" to a pub for hot water. The image of the crawler shows greater emphasis on the individual, in contrast with Thomson's often static presentation of street types. |
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Adolph Smith |
undertook a photographic survey of London's poor with John Thomson |
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Street life in London |
Adolph Smith and John Thomsen's book of London poor |
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Excursions Daguerrean |
multi volume work of imporatn views and monuments |
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Stereographs |
"Sterographic photographs helped turn photography into an industry, by stoking the viewer's desire to see more of the world. |
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Oliver Wendell Holmes |
loved the stereograph |
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combination printing |
Combination printing is the technique of using two or more photographic images in conjunction with one another to create a single image. |
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woodbury type |
The term Woodburytype refers to both a photomechanical process and the print produced by this process. The process produces continuous tone images in slight relief. A chromated gelatin film is exposed under a photographic negative, which hardens in proportion to the amount of light. Then it is developed in hot water to remove all the unexposed gelatin and dried. This relief is pressed into a sheet of lead in a press with 5000 psi. This is an intaglio plate. It is used as a mold and is filled with pigmented gelatin. The gelatin layer is then pressed onto a paper support. |
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Waxed paper negative |
One of the original forms of photography was based on the paper negative process. Talbot's waxed-paper negative process, which was used to create his work "The Pencil of Nature", used a negative created on paper treated with silver salts, which was exposed in a camera obscura to create the negative and then contact printed on a similar paper to produce a positive image. |
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tintype |
Tintypes were light weight and more durable than daguerreotypes. An improved postal system could speed the images from teh war zone to families at home. |
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Where were civil war photographs published? |
The war was extensively reported by newspaper reporters and magazine journalists. Of the more than 1,400 photographers who made images of troops, military installations, and battle sites most were from teh north |
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What is different abotu Civil war? |
There are few differences among the subject categories found in Civil War photographs, whether of battlefields or individals, Civil War photographs tend to be stiff and foral. Casual camaraderie among soldiers, such as that pictured in Roger Fenton's work in the Crimea, was seldom recorded. Although African-American troops were photographed and occassional images were made of abused slaves, the Civil Wr did not engender a far-reaching photographic record of slavery and its aftermath |
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2nd Opium War |
The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China,[1] was a war pitting the British Empire and the Second French Empire against the Qing Dynasty of China, lasting from 1856–1860. |
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Orientalism |
With the global expansio of Western political and economic interests in teh mid-nineteenth century, photographers sought to highlight the cultural differences. One of the most persistent such types of photograph showed women from te ME and Asia in sexually suggestive poses. The term "orientalism" adopted by cultural critic Edward Said in a 1978 book of the same title, has come to mean teh wholesale social labeling of non-Western peoples as passive, rather than active; childlike, rather than mature; feminine,rather than masculine; and timeless, that is separatre from the progress of Western historay. |
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Photo gun |
Marey's chronophotographic gun was made in 1882, this instrument was capable of taking 12 consecutive frames a second, and the most interesting fact is that all the frames were recorded on the same picture, using these pictures he studied horses, birds, dogs, sheep, donkeys, elephants, fish, microscopic creatures, molluscs, insects, reptiles, etc. Some call it Marey’s "animated zoo". Marey also conducted the famous study about cats landing always on their feet. He conducted very similar studies with a chicken and a dog and found that they could do almost the same. Marey also studied human locomotion. He published another book Le Mouvement in 1894. |
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chronophotography |
Chronophotography is a Victorian application of science (the study of movement), and art (photography). It is a precursor to the technique to cinematography. |