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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the syntactic changes of middle English? |
1.Increase in the use of demonstratives and articles 2. appearance of the indefinite article 3. rise of "that" as a universal relative pronoun 4. movement from verbs to verb phrases |
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Old English : æ |
Middle English: A - æ still used occasionally as a ligature |
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Old English: þ |
Middle English: þ/th -{þ}reinterpreted as y = “ye olde bookeshoppe” |
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Old English: ð |
Middle English: þ/th |
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Old English: ƿ |
Middle English: W -sometimeswritten {uu} |
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Old English: Ȝ |
Middle English: g |
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Old English: Ȝ/h |
Middle English: 3/gh -/g/,/j/ à/j/, /ɣ/(ɣ =voiceless velar fricative: the sound in “Bach,” if said by a pretentiousperson) |
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Old English: cw |
Middle English: qu -cwene ->queen |
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Old English: hw |
Middle English: wh/w/qu -hwat ->what |
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Old English: cg |
Middle English: i/j -/dʒ/; { j} is established very late |
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Old English: --(f) |
Middle English: v -usedinterchangeably with /u/ |
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Old English: --(s) |
Middle English: z |
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Who brings the printing press to England? |
Caxton |
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What did Caxton do to influence the standardization of English? |
Translations of famous stories into English and brought the printing press to England. |
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What is an orthopeist? |
someone who studies the universal origin of language. some of the first linguists. focuses on the sounds of words. |
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Renaissance |
A rebirth of an interest in science and the humanities |
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What happened of importance on December 25, 1066? |
William I's coronation |
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What is the Bayeux Tapestry and when was it found? |
It depicts the entire history of the battle of Hastings and was found in 1077. |
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Who were the Norman kings from 1066-1135? |
1066-1087 William I 1087-1100 William II 1100-1135 Henry I They're French |
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What happened from 1135-1154 in England? |
The Anarchy (King Stephen) Also French |
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Who are the Angevin Kings from Anjou? |
1154-1189 Henry II 1189-1199 Richard I (Lion heart) 1199-1216 John (Lack land) They are French |
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How did English Develop? |
Latin into proto germanic. Proto germanic split off into Celtic and Old English. Celtic merged into Old English and Old English transformed into middle English via influences from Latin, Norse, and French. |
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What were the Influences the from Latin, Norse, and French? |
Lexical meaning
For example: The word kitchen as a borrowing or the words chief/chef as a doublet |
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Who was Laymon Brut? |
Historian who combined other English Histories into a central source. Writes it for Eleanor. |
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When is the Middle English Period? |
1100-1500 |
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What of significance happened in 1258? |
Henry III biblical proclamation |
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What happened of significance in 1362? |
Edward III parliament is opened in English |
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When were the Canterbury Tales and the Book of Duchess written and who wrote them? |
1374-1400 and Chaucer |
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What were the Wycliffe bibles? and who was Wycliffe? |
Wycliffe is the man who instigates lolloudy and translates the bibles into English. The Wycliffe bibles are the newly translated English bibles. |
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What happened under Edward I? |
Expulsion of the Jews in 1290 and Brave heart in 1297 |
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What happened under Edward II? |
The Abdication in 1327 |
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What happened under Edward III? |
The hundred years war began in 1337(116 years) Black plague hits in 1348 Edward III dies in 1376 |
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What happens under Richard II? |
The peasants revolt in 1381 Wycliffe's bible in 1382 Book of the Duchess and Canterbury Tales 1374/1387 Piers Plowman from 1370-1390 1386-1390 Confesco Amantis |
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What was Courante? |
The first English Newspaper. Indicates widespread literacy and need for knowledge |
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Why was James the VI king of Scotland and James the I of England? |
Because he was already king of Scotland and when Elizabeth I died she gave him the crown of England. |
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The early modern period sees a dramatic increase in what? |
words created |
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Why is Charles I unpopular and what happens to him? |
He argues with parliament and is ultimately executed by parliament in 1649 during the English civil war. |
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What did John Milton write? Who was he? |
Paradise Lost. A republican who wanted to write a Christian Epic after he was thrown out of government. |
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What is Vulgate? |
The Latin Bible |
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-Middle English -King of Norway (1046-1066) -Known as a hard ruler -Unsuccessfully claimed Danish throne until 1064 and the English throne in 1066 |
Harald Hardrada (Harald III) |
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-Middle English -The last Anglo-Saxon King of England(1066-1066) -Died during the Battle of Hastings fighting Norman invaders led by William the Conqueror during the Norman conquest of England. -His death marks the end of Anglo-Saxon rule over England |
Harold Godwinson |
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-Middle English -Queen consort of France -married Louis VII of France -Queen of France -Participated in the unsuccessful second Crusade |
Eleanor of Aquitaine |
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-Middle English -King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine (1216 - 1272) -Assumed the throne when we was 9 during the First Baron's War -Produces Documents in English for the first time |
Henry III |
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-Middle English -King of England (1327-1377) -Restored royal authority after the disastrous reign of Edward II -His reign saw the evolution of English Parliament and the Black Death -Crowned at age 14 |
Edward III |
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-Middle English -King of England (1189-1199) -Son of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine -Known as Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader |
Richard I |
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-Middle English -Richard of Bordeaux -King of England (1377-1399) -Crowned at age 10 -Reigned during the Peasant's Revolt (1381) |
Richard II |
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-Middle English -King of England (1413-1422) -Comes from House of Lancaster -reigned during the hundred years war -Almost captures France |
Henry V |
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-Writes Piers Plowman
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William Langland |
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-Middle English -Famous preacher during the peasants revolt -thrown in jail several times for his preaching s -Excommunicated because of it |
John Ball |
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-Middle English -Battle fought between Norman-French army under William, Duke of Normandy and the English Army under Harold Godwinson -Begins the Norman conquest of England -Normans won decisively |
Battle of Hastings |
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-Middle English -Ruling class is bilingual under Henry III |
Court of Bilingualism (Henry III) |
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-Middle English -Between the House of Plantagenet (England) and the House of Valois (France) (1337-1453) -Fought over France -Series of several conflicts. Was not continuous. |
Hundred Years War |
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-Middle English -stipulated that "all Pleas which shall be pleaded in [any] Courts whatsoever, before any of his Justices whatsoever, or in his other Places, or before any of His other Ministers whatsoever, or in the Courts and Places of any other Lords whatsoever within the Realm, shall be pleaded, shewed, defended, answered, debated, and judged in the English Tongue, and that they be entered and inrolled in Latin" |
Statute of Pleading, 1362 Parliament |
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-Middle English -Killed 30-60% of Europe's Population -Peaked during 1346-1353 |
Black Plague |
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-Middle English
-caused By the Black Death, high taxes, instability of leadership in London. -John ball gave sermons to inspire it -Led by Wat Tyler |
Peasants Revolt |
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-Middle English In 1398 a quarrel erupted between Thomas Mowbray (Duke of Norfolk) and Henry of Bolingbroke (Duke of Hereford). The two were determined to fight a duel over Henry's allegations that Thomas had been accusing Richard II of bad faith. -Richard II intervened and banished both of them (Thomas for life, and Henry for ten years later commuted to six.) -Richard II needed money for his extravagant lifestyle and he decided to extend the policy of extorting money in exchange for pardons - levying large fines on seventeen counties as the price of "regaining royal favor." |
Deposition of Richard II |
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-Middle English -Series of wars for the throne of England fought between the House of Plantagenet, the House of Lancaster, and the House of York. -(1455-1487) -Ignited over the weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard, Duke of York's claim to the throne. |
Wars of the Roses |
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-Middle English -Political and religious movement that existed in the mid 14th century to the English Reformation -Led by John Wycliffe -Wanted the bible printed in English |
Lollardy, Wycliff's Bible |
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-Middle English -Scribal offices that come up with grammatical standards for English -Caxton mass produces the stuff from this place with his printing press to standardize English. |
Chancery |
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-Middle English -Regulated preaching, translation and use of scriptures, and the theological education at schools and university. -named after Thomas Arundel |
Constitutions of Arundel |
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Morphological changes in middle English |
loss of case endings (biggest change) loss of verbal inflections collapse of accusative/dative pronouns loss of dual pronouns competing -s / -th endings on 3sg verbs appearance of she, th- pronouns |
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Lexical Changes in Middle English |
Increase in (high-status) French Borrowings, especially after 1250
Doublets, hybrid neologisms, calques, semantic displacement ongoing borrowings from Latin |
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Syntactic changes in middle English |
- Ongoing shift from synthetic to analytic structure -move from tendency for SOV to SVO -Increased stability of word order - subject pronouns become obligatory, articles tied to their nouns, auxiliaries to their verbs -Double Negatives (Jesperson's Law) -Indefinite Article introduced; increase in demonstrative pronouns -relative pronoun that introduced -Increase in phrasal verbs -First appearance of "dummy" do and do- support in questions, negations |
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Sociolinguistic changes in middle English |
-Post- conquest class differences between English/Anglo-Norman -Northern v. Southern (v. mixed) dialect features -Bilingual Court: Henry III > Henry V |
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-Early Modern English -King of England (1509-1547) -First English King of Ireland -Separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church -Had 6 wives to try and get a son for an heir |
Henry VIII |
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-Early Modern English -Queen of England and Ireland(1588-1603) -Daughter of Henry VIII -Established an English Protestant Church -Became the Supreme Governor of that church |
Elizabeth I |
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-Early Modern English -King of Scotland from July 1567 and King of England and Ireland on 1603 until 1625 when he died. -Elizabeth I gave the crown to him after her death |
James I/VI |
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-Early Modern English -Signs the Acts of Union that creates Great Britain |
Queen Anne |
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-Early Modern English -Creates the Protestant Reformation |
Martin Luther |
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-Early Modern English -Leading figure in the Protestant Reformation -He Translated the Bible into English -First English bible to draw of Hebrew and Greek Texts -First bible to take advantage of the Printing Press |
William Tyndale |
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-Early Modern English -Introduced the Printing Press into England |
William Caxton |
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-Early Modern English -Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland. - Lived from (1599-1658) |
Oliver Cromwell |
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-Early Modern English -Famous English Play-write |
William Shakespeare |
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-Early Modern English -Writes Paradise Lost -Servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell |
John Milton |
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-Early Modern English -Produced one of the first dictionaries in the English Language - Table Alphabeticall, in 1604 |
Robert Cawdry |
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-Early Modern English -Last significant battle of the War of the Roses -Happens on August 1485 -Won by the Lancastrians -Marks the end of the Plantagenet dynasty |
Battle of Bosworth Field |
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-Early Modern English -Helps to spread literacy -The first English Bible is printed using these |
Caxton's Printing Press |
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-Early Modern English -Grants Henry VIII royal supremacy -Declares Henry VIII the head of the Church of England |
Act of Supremacy |
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-Early Modern English -English Translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England |
Tyndale's Bible, King James Bible |
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-Early Modern English - |
Print Standardization |
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-Early Modern English -Inventions of the new words create dictionaries so people know the new words |
Dictionaries and Style guides |
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-Early Modern English -Resulting in Oliver Cromwell and John Milton setting up a Republic |
English Civil War, Commonwealth, Restoration |
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-Early Modern English -These create Great Britain and were signed by Queen Anne |
Acts of Union |
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-Early Modern English -from 1540 onward the British nation begins to colonize the rest of the world |
Early Globalizing trade and exploration |
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-Early Modern English -Series of events that lead to the church of England breaking away from the Pope and the Roman Catholic church -Associated with the wider Protestant Reformation -A decline of Feudalism and rise of Nationalism, rise of common law, the invention of the printing press, and increased circulation of the bible contributed to this process |
English Reformation |
