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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHEN AND WHERE WAS THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION |
* 1750-1840 (ish)
* Europe and Britain |
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What was the old class system and what was the class system created in the In the industrial rev. |
* creation of a different class system
* middle class * working class * prior to this: LANDED + PEASANTS |
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What were the 4 main causes |
* British colonies provided Britain with large amount of resources
* slaves and natives exploited to work for next to nothing * wealth encouraged investing + promotes inventions * people forced to buy British goods + keep wealth in the Empire |
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What were the 4 main changes |
* Energy: human labour replaced by energy
* Machinery - new inventions + techniques * Scale: size of production and factories increased * Transport: railways and canals systems = easier transport of goods
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list 3 political impacts |
* social inequality encouraged individuals such as Marx and Engels to develop ideology for a fairer society
* Factory Act established = protect workers * Sir Robert Peel = encouraged workers to form trade unions and helped to begin the first police force * Poor Law 1834 created = supports the “sick poor” (people get paid when not working) |
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List 3 Economic Impacts |
* British Empire more wealth = can invest, innovate and improve
* production moved cottage industry —> factories = lower costs * capitalist view of business developed * joint stock companies and corps grew, paving the way to the stock market |
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List 3 Social Impacts |
* gap between rich and poor widened, new social class (middle class)
* ‘inclosure’ Movement: new system of dividing land. Before, land was unfenced, and poorer farmers were able to expand and use “good” land. The inclosure movement saw the fencing of land, and farmers were often left with “bad” land * machinery over human work = disenfranchisement, unemployment and rebellion |
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What is Imperialism |
* the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over feign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies
* “Terra Nullius”: a latin term which means ‘land belonging to no one’ |
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have a 3 ,min break |
lololol |
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what are the types of government |
Republicanism * head of state is a citizen of the nation rather than a monarch * seeks to protect and improve the rights of individuals * wanted small role for government * economic system based on competition between sellers * contributing wealth from the rich to the poor * (revolutionary socialism/communism) * right for all to vote * people elected by the people * belief in a “fair go” for all * belief that people of a smilier race, culture or ideas ought to belong to the same nation |
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What are luddites |
* people against technological change and the industrial revolution
* Luddite: a person opposed to technological change * comes form a group of workers of the early 19th century who protested against industrialisation * believed to have been led by a figure called “Ned Ludd” * luddites attacked factories and machinery, eg wide-framed weaving looms * viewed machines as threats to their jobs and the cause of rising unemployment |
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Who held the power in Japan before the Europeans came |
* symbolic rule: emperor, head of the Shinto religion
* power-holder: shogun, military dictator |
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Who are the tokugawa ? |
* Tokugawa family, who held the title of shogun, was responsible for unifying Japan in 1600, and brought the daimyo under their control. They were required to spend long periods of time in the capital Edo (now Tokyo) so that they would not plot against the shogun. (alternate attendance)
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What is the daimyo |
* Daimyo: powerful lords who controlled large areas of land, but who owed their allegiance to the emperor and the shogun
* inner daimyo: fought alongside the Tokugawa clan, held high-ranking positions * outer daimyo: fought against Tokugawa clan, less position and power |
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What was the hierarchy in Japan |
* shogun, daimyo, samurai, peasants (responsible for production of food, therefor important), artisans, merchants (business was not thought noble pursuit)
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What was the Shinto religion |
* Shinto religion - wind, water, fire and land all have their own spirits
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What was the Status as women |
* women held low status - wife was the servant of her husband, father and son
* in the case of divorce, a woman returning to her own family was shameful. |
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What were Geisha, How long did they train ?
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* Geisha: professional email entertainers who accompanied wealthy men in public.
* considered worthy occupation * often performed sexual favours * train up to seven years * apprenticeship usually began at 6 |
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What happened with Christianity in Japan |
* as people started converting to Christianity when a priest arrived in Japan, rulers became convergent about activities of foreign merchants
* Christian converts started being prosecuted. It was then banned altogether. This resulted all Europeans leaving the country. |
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When were the japanese laws enforced restricting the japeanese from leaving or entering the country, what happened because of this and why ? |
1630, * remained in effect for 250 years* Japan had seen what happened to the Chinese when they let the Westerners in, and did not want to have the same fate * Developed Japanese feeling of nationalism, but also closed Japan to new ideas and technologies * Period of peace in Japan, population was stable, living standards improved * merchant class started growing in larger towns * samurai no longer needed to fight * many unemployed * arts and theatre all flourished
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When did Mathew Perry steam into Edo Bay & with how many ships& why did he do this ? |
* 1853, US Commodore Matthew Perry steamed into Edo Bay with four ships. had orders from the President of the USA to open the Japanese ports to trade
* Presented to them a letter from the President, and made sure they were aware of how powerful their ships were. Said he would return the next year for an answer - he was expecting a yes |
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what was the Meji Restoration ? |
* two of the outside daimyo (lands were distant from Edo) joined together to oppose the shogun and to call for the reinstatement of the emperor as the ruler
* convinced emperor to abolish the shogunate in 1868 * emperor was a 15-year-old boy, often known as the Meiji (enlightened rule) * this led to the modernisation of japan |
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What happened because of the Meji Restoration? |
* new government:
* public discussion of all matters * participation of all classes in the administration of the country * freedom for all persons to pursue their preferred occupation * abandoning of evil customs * seeking of knowledge throughout the world in order to strengthen the country |
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What Happened to Education due to the Modernisation of Japan ? |
* universities were created, modelled on those in the US and Europe
* primary education became compulsory for boys and girls |
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What legal system and government style was adopted? |
* French-based legal system putt n place
* British/US government style adopted |
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What happened to Jobs and Class systems due to the Modernisation Of Japan ? |
* the daimyo had their power reduced
* traditions considered unworthy were abandoned and discouraged * people were no longer forced to do jobs based on their position in society * class system officially abolished |
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What happened to the Japanese Military and Navy? |
* western weapons adopted. Many peasants/Samurai joined army
* Japan improved their Navy, based on the British |
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Summarise the Russo - Japanese War |
After Russia and China had fought side-by-side, Russia remained to occupy a Northern province of China. Then, due to Russia’s ports being frozen over, Russia borrowed one of Korea’s ports from the Chinese. Being in opposition to China, this did not make the Japanese happy. These events accumulated to start the war in 1904, when the Japanese attacked a Russian fleet in Port Arthur. This resulted in a declaration of war by both countries. In 12 months, the Japanese had successfully blockaded the Russian fleet in Port Arthur. Disadvantages accumulated and the Russians suffered defeat after defeat. By December, the entire Russian fleet had been destroyed. The end of the war was concluded with the signing of the treaty of Portsmouth where Russia handed over Port Arthur along with other humiliating terms. This war was the first in which a European power had been defeated by an Asian country. |
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What was the Wests Viewpoint of Japan ? |
Japan was not recognised as a major power at first. It was only after the emperor was put back into power that Japans influence started becoming prominent. |
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Who did France and Britain support in the war + why |
France supported and funded Russia due to their alliance. Britain supported Japan because of their trading treaties. |
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How were Chinese and Koreans involved |
China and Russia negotiated for Russia to rent Port Arthur, and its surrounding waters.
Korea provided aid to Japan and Russia recognised it as under Japanese influence |
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What was the ‘Yellow Peril’?
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It was a colour metaphor for Chinese immigrants. People were afraid that the Chinese were going to immigrate and take over, destroy the West culture. People also believed they were going to wage war on the West and destroy it. |
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How did WW1 start ? |
* immediate cause:
* assassination of archduke Ferdinand * Austria ultimatum to serbia * Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia * Germany declares war on Russia * Germany declares war on France * secret alliances * Long-term causes: MCAIN: Militarism, Crises, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism |
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How did WW1 end |
* As Allies pushed towards the German border, alliances collapsed between the central powers
* Germany wasn't strong enough to keep fighting * Signed Armistice (agreement for peace) at end of October, Australia-Hungary followed at beginning of November |
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What Were the Main Theatres of War |
* Western Europe AKA Western Front
* Balkans * Russia * Egypt * Africa * Asia * Australasia |
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What is Trench foot ? |
* trench foot was a fungal infection that appeared during WW1. Soldiers would be exposed to very damp conditions, and this led to the infection. In 1914, the British army alone suffered 20,000 casualties from trench foot – after this they increased trench conditions.
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What is Shell Shock ? |
* Shell shock was a form of mental trauma that soldiers developed in WW1. After killing foes, men would often develop tics or pain in the places they had killed their enemies. The British army developed 8000 cases of shell shock during the war
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What did Lice Do in WW1 ? |
* Lice Left blotchy red marks over body, would hid in soldiers pants. People would run candles over their clothes without burning them to kill the lice. Lice would cause trench fever, which gave extreme flu-like symptoms
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What were the Main Countries involved |
* Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, US after it couldn't stay neutral
* Central Powers: Germany, Austrian Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria * WW1 was fought on every ocean and almost every continent. however, most of the fighting was in Europe |
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Who used Gas & Flame throwers ? |
* the French were the first to use gas, Germans first to use flame-throwers
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What Was used to carry messages |
* carrier pigeons and dogs were used to carry messages
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How many people died/wounded overall ? |
* 65 million men fought from 30 countries - 10 million soldiers died (approx. 6 mil entente, 4 mil central powers)
* approx. 5 mil civilian deaths * 20 million wounded overall |
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What were the Results? |
* League of Nations (early version of UN)
* Treaty of Versailles * arms race * recession (especially Germany) * rights for women * medical advances * wound management * bone setting * skin grafts * blood banks set up |
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When did the Battle of Gallipoli start and how long did it go for , how many died & who was involved ? |
* 1915, 9 moths
* 450000 men died * ottoman empire = turkey = muslim * ANZACS * Anzac’s were confined to the beach and a small area of the cliffs * did not hold high ground |
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How did the battle of Gallipolli End? |
* Retreat was decided upon, but they had to go out quietly. So it was done in stages at night, with guns automatically timed to fire. Only 2 deaths during the evacuation
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What was The treaty of Versailles ? |
* peace treaty signed at the end of the war
* Germany was forced to sign it or be invaded by the allies |
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Who were the big 3 ? |
* David Lloyd George - Britain
* Georges Clemenceau - France * Woodrow Wilson - America
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Explain trench warfare ? |
* Main fighting in WW1 took place on Western Front
* trenches were around one metre wide, 2 deep * Home to millions of troops * 3 trench system: front line = firing at enemies, reserve = hold reinforcements, support = resting * zig zag patterns so that blasts was isolated * communication trenches linked all three |
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What weapons were used |
* Gas: introduced by Germans, shot out of special gun or be bombed from planes
* Tanks * Machine guns * Rifles and bayonets * Grenades: Mills bomb invented by British * Artillery * Submarines: would attack enemy ships with torpedoes * Flame throwers: First used by Germans, would spread flames through the battlefield * Airplanes and zeppelins: had guns and bombs |
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when/where/deaths/justifications of the Atom Bombs of WW2 . |
* When: Hiroshima = Aug 6 1945, Nagasaki = Aug 9 1945
* Hiroshima: killed 70000 immediately, 135000 total * Nagasaki: killed 40000 immediately, 70000 total * America justification: provided a quick, easy fix to end the war. Contract aggressive Japanese tactics. Military + munitions were targets. Revenge |
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What was the final Solution ? |
Nazi plan to systematically rid the world of the Jewish population |
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What were the conditions in kokoda |
* hot, humid, muddy
* heavy pack * steep, hills, etc * mosquitos * wrong uniforms * wrong training |
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Give 10 dates for WW2 . |
* Sept 1, 1939: WW2 starts
* June 1940: Italy attacks France * Dec 1941: Pearl Harbour * December 1941: Germany declares war on US * May 1942: Attack on Sydney Harbour * July 1942: Battle of Kokoda Track begins * May 1945: Germany surrenders * Aug 6 1945: Bombing of Hiroshima * Aug 9 1945: Bombing of Nagasaki * Sep 2, 1945: WW2 ends |
