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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two major eras |
Paleolithic ( old stone age) & neolithic (new stone age) |
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Paleolithic era |
1) Hunter-gatherers 2) semi-nomadic 3) extended family groups 4) no formal government 5)invented fire 6) technology 7) not green 8) burial practices 9) appendix |
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Semi-nomadic |
Partially on the move |
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Paleolithic extended family groups |
50 - 200 |
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Paleolithic fire |
Used as light,heat,weapons,hunting |
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Paleolithic technology |
* fish hooks *thread *nets *Spears *rope *bow and arrow *needles |
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Paleolithic not green |
Hunted all the mammoth |
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Paleolithic burial practices |
They were buried with material possessions. Earliest roots of organized religion |
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Paleolithic appendix |
It was used to kill bacteria from eating raw meat |
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Neolithic erA |
Agricultural evolution 1) more food 2) rise permanent settlements 3) rise of division of labor 4) domestication of animals |
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Impact of agricultural |
More food Became healthier Lived longer & reproduced More people |
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Rise of permanent settlements |
Rise of cities Ex: Jericho |
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Rise of the division of labor |
Soldiers Priests Astronomers Potters First government bureaucrats |
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Domestication of animals |
Horse used for - travel, communication, warfare Dog - special relationship Oxen - beast of burden |
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Human society became more complicated |
1) first real state claims 2) complex trade patterns (trading goods) 3) government became more complex |
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Written language |
First seen in neolithic erA because society became more complicated and there was a need for written records |
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Problems with agricultural |
1) slash & run farming (wasteful & inefficient) 2) conflict between pastoral and semi nomadic 3) diseases 4) garbage & waste 5) drought, famine, flooding, insect infestation |
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Two major human culture in neolithic era |
Pastoral ( agricultural ) & semi-nomadic |
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Diseases in neolithic era |
Small pox, influenza, (from the domestication of animals ) |
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Mesopotamia |
Modern day Iran Agricultural Sumerian culture |
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Mesopotamia inventions |
1) wheel 2) sundial 3) written language |
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Mesopotamia written language |
Cuneiform Epic of gilgamesh |
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Mtp city state |
Ur Uuck Lagash |
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Mtp religion |
Polytheistic |
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Ruled Mesopotamia at some point in time |
Akkadians Babylon ian Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans |
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Akkadians |
King sargon |
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Babylonians |
Hammurabis code Base of 60 number system Base of 60 number system Base of 60 number system |
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Hammurabis code |
Hard copy 282 laws Written in stone pilars all over the city Key points of h code1) 2 sets of laws- one for the rich and one for everyone else2) Property rights over Human rights
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Base 60 rule |
60 secs in a min 60 min in an hour 360° to a circle |
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hitties |
invented iron |
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assyrians |
bad boys strong army conquered the kingdom of israel had the 1st library { Nineveh} clay tablets |
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chaldeans |
{did they even exist} |
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the role of geography in egyptian culture |
1] was river based 2} egypt was protected 3} lower egypt up by the med sea upper egypt was low by the nile borth |
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river based egypt |
* mesopotamia * tigris * euphrates river
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how was egypt protected |
north- mediterranean sea west- sahara dessert east - red sea
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2 |
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mst egypt |
lower egypt was up by the medit, sea uppers egypt was low by the north nile river |
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role of geo in india and china |
indus river harrapon culture china yellow and yangtze rivers |
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egyptian culture [how do we know what we know] |
egypt use papyrus [type of paper] the rosetta stone |
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rosetta stone |
discovered by napolean when the invaded egypt 3 languages = ancient greek, dematic [venacular] & hiroglyphics [used by the gov & priests |
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periods of ancient egyptian history |
1] archaic 2] old kingdom 3] middle kingdom 4]new kingdom 5] late |
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how many family dynasties |
31 |
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old kingdom |
the development of the pharaoh myth of osiris & his twin brother set the pharaoh embodies both seth & osiris |
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myth of osiris |
osiris =good seth= bad kills osiris chopped hi up put in box in nile river isis= put body back together has son named horous= good [hawk figure |
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pyramids in the old kingdom |
-covered with marble -pharaohs buried there - astronomical readings -giant public works mastabas = old pyramid giza= new pyramid |
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the concept of the pharaoh |
key dutiess= protect order of ma'ak [order of the universe] truth, harmony, justice, balance |
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key pharaohs |
1] hatshepsut =female [architecture] 2] akkenaten= married to nefereti, poet, deformed 3] tutenkamen [ kung tut] son of akkenaten [ discovered his grave in 1922 died at 19] 4] ramses 2 = ruled during new k.d war of the hitties [battle of kadesh] we have his mummy |
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daily life in ancient egypt |
* farming *family * cycles of the nile [ flood between july- sep |
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social classes egypt |
1] priests 2] merchants, artisans, scribes 3] peasants [farmersm herders] 4] slaves |
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gender roles egypt |
men= hard labor women politics and gov ran household made clothes priestesses divorce was common |
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different national capitals @ different times |
lots of civil wars by different dynasties 1] memphis 2] thebes 3] herakleopolis |
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invaders of egypt |
1] hykess = introduced bronze & chariot * assyrians * persians * greeks * romans |
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bronze age |
1] minoans 2] myceneans 3] dorians
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minoans |
lived in crete spoke linear A [still cant translate] thalossocracy = ocean based culture, fishing & travel sport = bull jumping Extinct= santorini [ volcano] or [ myth of atlantis sank to the ocean] plato |
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myceneans |
linear b- we have translated it moved to the mainland [best known by this]
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greek politics |
* city-state =acts as a separate country * 40 + cities 2 case studies * sparta & athens |
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sparta |
*military based *discouraged arts & huamanities ( it weaken the soul) * didnt interact with other city states * the peloponnesian league |
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athens |
*150k people * cosmopolitan= hip & cool * the delian league *nightlife, active art scene |
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ancient greece |
socrates plato epicurus the stoics aristotle
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socrates
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*invented the socrated method * accused of corrupting the youth of athens * put to death |
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plato
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1] metaphysics = beyond the physical world (soul, idea, beauty) intangible= cant be seen 2) utopian literature *utopia= no war, no homelessness *wrote the republic * hated democracy
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philosophy |
broches = 5-6 1) logic= scientifical argument 2) epistomology= how we know what we know
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epicuris |
* we all seek happiness * simple pleasures *dont change your faith accept it |
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the stoics |
group or school of philosophy key ideas= 1)how can we attain happiness? * be virtuous do the right thing ( do the right thing) 2) do not let events external to your self upset your inner calm |
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aristotle |
studied under plato *wrote = physics, geology, politics, econimics, psychology, astronomy * empiricism= reality based senses |
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the sophists |
* rethoric ( the act of persuasive speech ) *dont care about the truth * politicians, lawyers, advertisers, used car sales people |
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ancient greece writers |
A)homer B) Herodotus C) Thucydides D) aristophones
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arete |
sieze the day cant be a spectator you have to go out and play and you will get hurt courage and excellence |
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herodotus |
*wrote the history of the Peloponnesian war * thought humans were awful & so are individual nations * negative, cheat, betray, lie |
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homer |
1) iliad =epic poems2) the odyssey= trojan war=lasted 20 y,aabout gods traveling form greece to troy |
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aristophanes |
* playwright (wrote lisistrata) about a queen of sparta during the p wars (25 years) |
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philosophy in stages |
A) pre- socrates B) cratylus- concerned with human communication ( the truth is inconceivable C) sophist D) socrates |
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greek world-view |
1) we humans are free but out powers & capabilities are limited 2) live a life of balance & harmony because extremes can destroy you= aristotle- the golden mean |
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2 |
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2 |
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origins of the roman empire |
etruscans founded rome greeks the founding myth were founded in italy eventually controlled the medt, sea ( mare nostrum) our medit, sea |
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the founding myth |
romulus & remus twin brother gods were orphaned found by a wolf and raised by her hated each other and romulus was killed |
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roman culture & society |
religion greek gods roman gods zeus jupiter ares mars dionysus bacchus poseidon neptune |
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roman philosophy |
stoicism & epicureanism |
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roman language |
latin everyday language the rich spoke greek |
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social classes |
3 major classes= * patricians- upper class, priest, politicians * plebeans - most people, ordinary * slaves |
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slaves |
* very common usually war captives * can serve many occupations Ex: doctor's, teachers, farm laborers, artists, maids, cooks, 60m people 25-30% were slaves * slave revolts- one lead by spartacus lasted 2 years for slaves involved |
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roman family |
*patriarchal * traditional roles for boys and girls *education was low unless you have $ * common to send sons to athens (rhetoric)
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architecture |
* build bridges, Aquaducts, public baths, high rise apt, ampitheatres, - pioneered- arch -domed celing * developed concrete * highways- 50k miles of revolution for communication, trade, military |
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roman life span |
life span was 30 legal age of marriage was 12 |
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roman army |
* typical combat (legion) * key responsibilities= 1) defend the emperor 2) domestic police force 3) helped romanize the frontier 4) one of the few avenues of social mobility ex: julius ceaser |
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elite praetorian guard |
10,000 soldiers who were the bodyguards of the emperor |
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city of rome |
* largest city 1m in pop * welfare ( found in the forum, in the middle of the city) * the forum was also a shopping center & entertainment |
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roman entertainment |
* 100 festival days/ year * city of rome venues= circus maximus & the coliseum * gladiator fight |
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circus maximus |
* had multiple events @ once *seated 150k * was round |
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coliseum |
* seated 50k *have prostitutes in back of seats * quick 15 min exit |
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gladiator fights |
* were condemned criminals (if successful were treated like famous peopl*could also be free citizens, women, or ederly* 2 key functions for g,f* kept pop entertained * stoisms |
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logical reason |
1) stoisims = dont let external events upset ur inner calm 2) Bread & circus = the masses wont care about anything else |
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roman literature/ authors |
1) virgil 2) ovid ( ah-vid) 3) horece 4) juvenal ( satire) * carbon copy= copied the same themes and styles |
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language roman |
latin became the official language of the church gave birth to the romance languages = french, italian, Portuguese's, spanish |
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the roman hippies |
the cynics * rejected their parents traditional rules * the opposite of the norm * seeked spiritual enlightment * rejected materialism |
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bread and circus |
give the masses this and they wont care about anything else |
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roman law |
* natural law - branch of judice prudence= one set of laws for every one * pax romana- roman peace ( would force foreigners to join them) therefore eliminating foreign threats, |
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historical roots of early Christianity |
1) judaism 2) zoroastianism 3) mithraism |
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judaism |
A) the torah = genesis, exodus, leviticus, deuteronomy, numbers,= make up the old testament, B) monotheism ( tetragrammata) yaw-way =god is one C) anthropomorphism= god in human or animal form |
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zoroastianism |
- religion of ancient persia - founded by zarathustra - holy book= avesta
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key believes of zoroastianism |
- ahura mazdha=good - ahriman=bad immaterial material world soul, love, faith, beauty, etc the lie
* those who live lives of good and truth will be rewarded with eternal bliss
*those who lived lives of wickedness will be punished by eternal pain
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how did z influence historical Christianity
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1) the existence of a good and benevolent god 2) conflict between god and the devil 3) concepts of heaven and hell 4) divine judgement for individual conduct |
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mithrarism |
- god = mithra - chief aid assistant of ahura mazdha - for males only -popular in roman army
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how did mithraism influence Christianity |
1) religious services were held on sunday 2) the birth of mithra was celebrated on the 25 of dec ( the beg of winter solstice) |
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christianity |
it was paul of tarsus who spread the word of jesus crucification and death and rise of a god same as myth of osiris |
