History Mid-Term 9Th Grade

Front 1

mesopotamia

Back 1

the land between the tigris and euphrates rivers where the fist civilization appeared

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sexagesimal

Back 2

number system, created by mesopotamians

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aryans

Back 3

the indo europen speakers, they invaded india

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vedas

Back 4

sacred texts of invaders in india, rig vedas are oldest materials in the vedas

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sparta

Back 5

a famous greek city, different because they had rules, military focus, they had two kings

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minoans

Back 6

bronze age civilization, earliest greeks lived in crete, there cities lacked strong walls, great city for art

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myceneans

Back 7

they used Linear B for writing, civilization downfall everything destroyed 70% population gone, rich, the people were warriors and archers, well organized and powerful

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arête

Back 8

courageous, you have to have courage to go into these contests

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helots

Back 9

someone to help them (slave), they had to work their land

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areopagus

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council of nobles, got their name from where they held there sessions

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Indus River

Back 11

longest river in india, most important, since it comes down from mt. Himalayan it had great and rich soil, people visit the river to cleanse themselves

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hesoid

Back 12

poet, small farmer, he made crops "grapes, grain, and wheat"

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troy

Back 13

greek city state that fought in the trojan war, mycenaeans attacked troy, on the coast of Asia Minor

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Mycenae

Back 14

city, was destroyed because of the downfall and many other places were destroyed, shlieman discovered this place

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magna graecia

Back 15

region in Italy and sicily

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heinrich shliman

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person, proved that homer was talking about real things, found 100yrs old treasures, found Mycenae

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polis

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the basic greek political unit, "city state"

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delian league

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an alliance of greek states under the leadership of athens that was formed in 478 B.C.E. to resist the persians

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chattel slavery

Back 19

a form of slavery in which humans are owned as goods, the slave has no legal standing as a person and few, if any, rights

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upanishads

Back 20

indian religious texts dating back to the first Decisive battle millennium, elaboration on vedas

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indo-european

Back 21

many languages together, greek, latin, Romance languages, used in rig veda, even used today

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pharaoh

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the god-kings of ancient Egypt, they built pyramids

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pyramids

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a monumental structure with a square or triangle base and sloping sides that meet in a point at the top

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mohenjo-daro

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city, best drainage system, city indic civilization, assyrian period, made of mud bricks, great agriculture

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pictographs

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symbols that were essentially picture of things represented

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hieroglyphics

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first form of writing, only had consonants, used for poems or on stone, Rosetta Stone is how thy translated it

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law code

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fixed on social structure, and carried on trade with other parts of the known world primarily to obtain lumber and stone inn exchange for food

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Iliad and odyssey

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the epic poems by homer about the dark ages heroes of Greece who fought at troy

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ishtar

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was creative and feminine and she was the one that would play a key role in gilgamesh's epic quest

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sumer

Back 30

an ancient region in asia making up the southern part of mesopotamia

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theogony

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the wide spread of god, where they would talk about different deities

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harappean

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first civilization of the Indus Valley culture

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sir Arthur evan

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discovered the Minoan civilization, found symbols written on pottery and discovered knossos (city)

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old kingdom

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represents the culmination of the cultural and historical developments of the early dynastic period

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debt slavery

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more common, for people that defaulted on loans, they couldn't be sold, but they could redeem there freedom by paying off their loans

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Middle Kingdom

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founder is amunemhet 1, the royal residences moved from thebes, a co-regency system was established, power of Pharos was limited

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new kingdom

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military expansion, a lot of wealth

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cuneiform

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first writing system invented by the sumerians, hard language, most of it is for record keeping

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divination

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where people use turtles or bones to carve into and then heat it up in a fire then crash it onto the ground to see how it brakes to get an answer

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ancestral veneration

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respect for ones ancestors, you do practices to help your dead family members to gain happiness in afterlife

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mahabharata

Back 41

one of the major epics, the longest epic poem, indic civilization, also in the rig veda

Front 42

talion law

Back 42

an eye for an eye (if you murder someone the some one will murder you back)