History Mid Term

Front 1

Zheng He

Back 1

Zheng commandedexpeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433

Front 2

Columbian Exchange

Back 2

The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage

Front 3

Aztec Account Of The Conquest of Mexico

Back 3

Spaniards were treated as gods originally; Eventually they massacre the Aztecs in their temples during a ritual.

Front 4

New Spain

Back 4

1535. The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas, it comprised Mexico, Central America, much of the Southwestern and Central United States, the Spanish West Indies, Spanish Florida, and eventually, the Philippines and other Pacific islands.

Front 5

Mestizo

Back 5

A person of combined European and Native descent.

Front 6

Enginho

Back 6

Engine (I think)

Front 7

Atlantic Slave Trade

Back 7

The transatlantic slave trade was the biggest deportation in history and a determining factor in the world economy of the 18th century. Millions of Africans were torn from their homes, deported to the American continent and sold as slaves. Triangular Trade.

Front 8

Songhai Empire

Back 8

The Songhai Empire was an African state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century. At its peak it was one of the largest states in African history

Front 9

Nzinga Mbemba

Back 9

King of the Kongo, he wanted Europeans to stop abducting his noblemen and wanted priests to give religious learning for his people. None of this happened.

Front 10

The Ming Dynasty

Back 10

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China—then known as the Empire of the Great Ming—for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

Front 11

K'ang-Hsi

Back 11

The Kangxi Emperor was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.

Front 12

Qing Dynasty

Back 12

The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, also called the Empire of the Great Qing or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912

Front 13

Scholar-Beaureucrat

Back 13

Civil servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912

Front 14

Shogun

Back 14

Military (Samurai) leader of Japan

Front 15

Mughal Empire

Back 15

The founding empire of India (1526) starting with Babur, then expanding by Akbar, and finalizing its expanse by Aurangzeb (1707)

Front 16

Akbar

Back 16

The second ruler of the Mughal Empire, titled as "the great", he expanded the empire.

Front 17

Aurangzeb

Back 17

The final expanding leader of the Mughal Empire, he took the empire to its height (modern day India)

Front 18

Zamindar

Back 18

During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged to the nobility and formed the ruling class

Front 19

Safavid Empire

Back 19

A monarchy that took control of the Persian lands (modern day Iran) 1501.

Front 20

Ottoman Empire

Back 20

Empire that ruled over much of Roman empire lands, reaching its maximum height under Suleiman the Great. (1299-1933)

Front 21

Millet System

Back 21

A separate legal court under which religious people were judged by their own during the Ottoman Empire.

Front 22

Janissary

Back 22

An elite guard made to protect and serve the Sultan during the Ottoman Empire. Formed of Christian slaves, eventually these Janissaries became corrupt and overly powerful and were abolished by Sultan Mahmud II.

Front 23

Scientific Revolution

Back 23

A first phase of the scientific revolution, focused on the recovery of the knowledge of the ancients, can be described as the Scientific Renaissance and is considered to have ended in 1632 with publication of Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems.[8] The completion of the scientific revolution is attributed to the "grand synthesis" of Isaac Newton's 1687 Principia, that formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation.[9] By the end of the 18th century, the scientific revolution had given way to the "Age of Reflection".

Front 24

Galileo Galilei

Back 24

Father of the scientific revolution. The pope hated him and so he was locked in his house until death because he thought the sun was the center of our galaxy. Mid 1500s

Front 25

Isaac Newton

Back 25

The most influential figure in the scientific revolution, he laid the foundation for modern day mathematics and created calculus.

Front 26

Enlightenment

Back 26

A movement (primarily by France in 1789) towards liberal ideas.

Front 27

Of Civil Government

Back 27

John Locke's philosophy on government. Believed that men are born free. His government must protect us from said government and secure our natural rights. Representatives are how the people speak to the government.

Front 28

The Social Contract

Back 28

John Rousseau's philosophy on government. The purpose of government is to bring people together and unite them under the general will. Representation is not enough people must be actively involved.

Front 29

French Revolution

Back 29

1789. The French say kings suck and spout some enlightenment nonsense until Napoleon comes to power in 1799.

Front 30

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Back 30

France's declaration of human rights.

Front 31

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Back 31

Leader of the Haitian Revolution, fought with slaves against Napoleonic France until they captured him and murdered him.

Front 32

Simon Bolivar

Back 32

Mid 1800s, Leader who established and took over many of the south American countries.

Front 33

Industrial Revolution

Back 33

Industrial advancement from 1760s that created the steam engine.

Front 34

Spinning Mule

Back 34

Used to spin cotton, the first machine of the Industrial Revolution.

Front 35

Liberalism

Back 35

A world view that stresses the importance of equality.

Front 36

Self-Help

Back 36

The youth must work in order to enjoy, that nothing credible can be gained without hard work. Samuel Smiles. 1882

Front 37

Sadler Report

Back 37

An interview with many factory workers demonstrating the awful working conditions in the late 1800s

Front 38

Communist Manifesto

Back 38

Written by Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels. 1848.

Front 39

Nationalism

Back 39

A belief in community and one unit.

Front 40

Alexander II

Back 40

Leader of Russia that reformed their judicial system, coming down harder on nobility, upped their educational system, and generally worked to be peaceful. He suggested additional reforms before he was assassinated.

Front 41

To the German Nation

Back 41

Written by Johann Gottlieb Fichte, he suggests monarchies suck and promotes nationalism.

Front 42

La Reforma

Back 42

A reform in Mexico towards liberal ideas in the mid 1800s.

Front 43

Imperialism

Back 43

To extend a countries power by military and diplomacy.

Front 44

Opium Wars

Back 44

Wars fought against the Chinese by the British during their height in the mid/later 1800s. Because the Chinese had banned British trade (mostly) they grew opium and sent it into China. This destroyed their economy and caused an actual war where the British demolished China.

Front 45

Things Fall Apart

Back 45

Written by Chinua Achebe in 1950s.

Front 46

Unequal Treaties

Back 46

Starting after the Opium Wars the British decided that since they won the war they don't need to have equal rules to the Chinese.

Front 47

White Mans Burden

Back 47

A poem/idea justifying imperialism and Manifest Destiny in the US

Front 48

Taiping Rebellion

Back 48

A Chinese rebellion in the mid 1800s against the Christian movement of the government. Qing Dynasty, during the British semi-control.

Front 49

Social Darwinism

Back 49

Phenomena in the mid 1900s trying to apply natural selection and survival of the fittest to human society.

Front 50

Hundred Days Reform

Back 50

1890s, A 103 day movement to reform of education, politics, and culture which failed because the emperors aunt took over.

Front 51

Sepoy Revolt

Back 51

A revolt in India against the British East Indian trading company. Its success led to India being governed by Indians, not the British.

Front 52

Ram Mohan Roy

Back 52

Guy who worked to reform India in religious, political and societal lights, abolishing numerous "barbaric" traditions.

Front 53

Battle of Omdurman

Back 53

A battle over Sudan where the British and Egyptians annihilated the Sudanese troops due to their inferior weapons.

Front 54

Indian National Congress

Back 54

One of the two major political parties in India, Hindu, formed by rich philosopher/nobles who believed in independence.

Front 55

Scramble for Africa

Back 55

1880s, every country attempts to get a piece of Africa, with France being the big winner.

Front 56

Meiji Restoration

Back 56

A movement in Japan which reformed and brought them up to the modern era (1880s).

Front 57

Decemberists

Back 57

A group of young liberals in Russia who attempted to take power after Napoleons defeat. They failed but were spared at the last minute by the new tsar.

Front 58

Letter to Mitsubishi Employees

Back 58

A letter suggesting that to become a modern nation Japan must cut the weak links of their companies and propel themselves into the global trade.