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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did railroad expansion affect the US economy?
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Railways started carrying iron, coal, and timber to factories. Railways started using steel to build the tracks which stimulated the steel business. Wood and coal were also used to built tracks and fuel and thousands of jobs were created.
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Who created air brakes?
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Westinghouse
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Who created refrigerated cars?
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Swift
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Who created sleeping cars?
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Pullman
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How did large companies crush smaller companies?
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the offered the rebates that the smaller companies could not which allowed them to drive those companies out of business
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What did Samuel Morse do?
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introduced the telegraph and morse code
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Who laid the trans atlantic cable, linking the US and Europe.
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Cyrus Field
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Who introduced the telephone?
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Who invented the typewriter?
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Shole
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Who invented the adding machine?
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Burrough
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Who invented the Kodak Camera?
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Eastman
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What did Thomas Edison invent in his warehouse in NJ?
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the phonograph, projector, battery, electric light bulb, and first power plant in NY
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How did George Westinhouse further Edison's inventions?
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he developed transformers that sent electricity more cheaply over longer distances
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Who invented the circuit breaker and electric incubator?
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Woods
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Who invented the improved wire for the lightbulb?
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Latimer
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What did Henry Ford do?
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He invented a car that was better and cheaper to sell and also the assembly line system
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How did Americans build fortunes in the oil and steel businesses?
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By creating monopolies and consolidating smaller businesses
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Who believed that you can dig and find oil?
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Edwin Drake
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Where was the first oil found?
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Titusville, PA
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What are the 3 factors of production?
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Land, Labor, and Capital
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Write a bio on Rockefeller.
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He was the most prominent figure in the oil industry. He built a refinery in Cleveland and that became the Standard Oil Company and using horizontal integration he created a monopoly of the oil business.
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What is horizontal integration?
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buying out all the competing companies
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Where was the steel capital of the US?
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Pittsburgh
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Write a bio on Andrew Carnegie?
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He became a leader figure in oil after opening a plant in Pittsburgh. He used horizontal integration and by 1900 he was producing 1/3 of all the steel in the US.
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What is vertical integration?
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buying out all the companies that produce things you need to make your product
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What was the Sherman Anti-trust act?
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an act passed in hopes to limit the trust and big business, it failed.
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What were working conditions like in the early 1900s?
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-People worked for 10-12 hours a day
-Could be fired at anytime for any reason -Unsafe and unhealthy conditions -Child labor laws were ignored |
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Who formed the American Federation of Labor?
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Samuel Gompers
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What occurred at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company?
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A fire at a sweatshop for young immigrant women killed 150+ women because the doors were locked from the inside
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What occurred at the Haymarket Square Strike?
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many people died in a violent clash between police men and strikers
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What happened at the Homestead steel plant?
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The homestead steel plant replaced striking union employees with non union employees. The state militia had to be sent in and the company replaced the union employees with non union employees.
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What happened during the Pullman Strike.
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When workers went on strike Pullman decided to close the plant, the railway workers supported the strikers and refused to handle pullman cars, rail traffic even came to a stop. Finally the union leader went to jail and president cleveland sent in troops to end the strike
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What were some characteristics of the new immigrants?
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many were catholic and Jewish
they came from Russia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, and Poland they stayed clustered together in neighborhoods |
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Who wrote the inscription on the Statue of Liberty
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Emma Lazarus
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What were the 2 islands immigrants had to go through?
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Ellis in the East, Angel in the west
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What did the Chinese Exclusion Act state?
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no chinese for 10 years
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What did the Immigration act of 1917 state?
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in order to enter the country you had to be able to read and write english
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How did cities change in the 1800s
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Poor started moving into tenements
Middle class grew Skyscrapers started being built Trolley cars emerged Subways emerged |
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Who opened the Hull House?
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Jane Adams
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How long did most Americans attend school for in 1865?
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4 years
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Explain progressive education.
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Teaching kids how to be good citizens and shape the kids rather than memorization and facts
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Who founded the Tuskegee Institute
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Booker T. Washington
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Who created a new kind of paper that had cartoons illustrations and headline stories?
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William Pulitzer
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What are political machines?
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powerful organizations linked to political parties
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What is a kickback?
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a percentage of a padded bill
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Who was Boss Tweed?
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Was the political boss of NYs democratic system, he controlled police, courts, and newspaper and made millions of illegal kickbacks
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Explain the spoils system?
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It rewarded political supporters with jobs and favors who were not qualified and some were dishonest
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Explain the Interstate Commerce Act?
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required railroads to publish reasonable rates
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Who founded the american socialist party?
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Eugene Debs
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Define Muckrakers.
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muckrakers were people that uncovered all the corruption that occurred in society through journalism
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What were the 2 laws passed because of Upton Sinclair's novel "The Jungle."
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The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
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What was the 17th amendment?
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the direct election of senators
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What was the 15th amendment?
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all free men could vote
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What was the 18th amendment?
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alcohol prohibition
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What was the 19th amendment?
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women voting
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Write a bio on Roosevelt.
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He became president in 1900 and was the youngest president at the time. He supported regulating big business, he was labeled a progressive president and a trust buster, wanted to regulate big business not eliminate them
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Describe the Pennsylvania coal miners strike in 1902.
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The coal miner went on strike due to unfair pay and long hours, they refused to negotiate with their boss and wouldnt even meet at the white house, finally they agreed on pay raises and shorter days, but they were no longer considered a union
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What was Roosevelt's plan called?
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the square deal
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What occurred in the 1912 election?
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Roosevelt was unhappy with Taft so he decided to run against him. Taft won the primary in the Republican party so Roosevelt created his own party called the Bull Moose party, Roosevelt and Taft only took votes away from each other though, which allowed Woodrow Wilson to slip in and win the election
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What was Wilson's plan called?
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New freedom
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What did the Federal Reserve Act do?
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regulated banking
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What did protestants fear?
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that catholics immigrants were threatening the "American Way"
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Describe the APA.
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The APA was a protestant group formed to put down and vow not to vote for or hire catholics
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Who were the KKK?
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the KKK were a white protestant supremacy group that hated Blacks and Catholics mostly but committed hate crimes against many other minorities
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Explain W.E.B DuBois and Booker T. Washington's philosophies and how they differed.
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Booker T. believed that if blacks got an education and improved themselves they would receive social equality W.E.B believed that if black got the right to vote they would receive social equality
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Who was the voice of black women during this time?
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Ida B. Wells, and she wrote a book that uncovered the horrors of lynching african americans
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Who traveled to Japan and asked for 4 ports to be opened?
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Matthew Perry
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What was signed that allowed US access to ports in Japan?
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the treaty of Kanagawa
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What was "Seward's Folly?"
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the purchase of Alaska
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Who and how much was Alaska purchased from and for?
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Russia for 7.2 million
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Describe imperialism?
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When powerful nations create large empires by gaining economic and political control over smaller nations
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What was the purpose of the Pan American conference?
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hoping it would develop closer ties with other nations
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What did Captain Mahan say?
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it is essential to have sea power to be a powerful nation
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How was Hawaii acquired?
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In the early 1800s American missionaries went over to Hawaii to develop schools and translate the bible, American farmers started moving in when they realized what a profit they could make from sugar cane, when the US apposed the tax on sugar cane the hawaiian natives didnt like it at all so Queen Lili tried to take the power away from the american farmers but they overthrew the government and finally after 2 presidents the annexation of hawaii was officially signed.
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What countries were involved in the split of Samoa?
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the US, GB and Germany
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Explain how the spheres of influence worked?
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Japan, Germany, GB, France, and Russia all had spheres of influence in china meaning they had special trading rights and powers
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What was proposed in the open door policy?
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it gave each foreign power in china the right to trade freely with other countries spheres of influence.
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What did the second open door policy state?
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it stressed the importance of chinas independence and its borders
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Why were the 16 battleships sent to cruise around the world?
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to forewarn japan and let them know what they were getting into with a conflict with the US
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Who led a revolt against the Spanish in Cuba and why?
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Jose Marti and because spain was oppressive and many cubans were dying in camps
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Who sent the Maine to cuba?
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McKinley
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Why did the US get involved with the Spanish and Cuban crisis?
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they got involved because there was a public outcry to involvement and lots of yellow journalism swaying the public opinion that we needed to get involved and because the cubans were being oppressed
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What is the story of the Maine?
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McKinley sent a battleship, the main to cuba to calm the people a little bit, while at port the Maine exploded and 216 people died, after a short negotiation McKinley declared war on spain.
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Who were the Rough Riders and what did they do?
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they were a group of african american soldiers led by teddy roosevelt that won the battle of San Juan in Cuba which eventually led to the spanish defeat
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Explain how the US acquired the land in Panama to build the canal?
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The US acquired the land after they bought it from the French for 40 million dollars and Panama won their freedom back from Columbia
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Explain the 3 diplomacies.
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Military- using military power and action every time we felt threatened or felt like we needed to, no threats just action.
Dollar- Only get involved in foreign affairs for business ventures and only take action if those are interfered with Moral- Support the similar or (in US perspective) "right" views of a country and push American ideals on them |
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Ugh so many stupid notecards
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IT is now 12:55 AM and i am going to bed
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