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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pierre Elliot Trudeau
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(3)- elected 1968, stays in office for 15years. Measure him on his own terms, official languages Act in 1969, Nationalenergy program with the Official languages act , creates the Reform party. Significant because is Canada’s prime minister from 1968 until 1984when he hands leadership over to John Turner. Born in Quebec inOctober 1919, has affluent parents, gas stations and garages, does leisurelythings, upper middle class household, good education and spends summers incottage country in Northern Quebec and gains an attachment to the outdoors.Does his masters at Harvard. Comes back to Quebec on the doorstep of the quietrevolution
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Lester B. Pearson
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the PM before Trudeau. He brings brilliantpeople from Quebec and puts them in the Liberal party. Trudeau is in his mid-40s, and is immediately made minister of justice. First year before he getsthe leadership - passes the divorce act
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Quiet Revolution
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(1) - period of profound change in theprovince of Quebec during the 1960s. The high watermark of the revolution is1960 to 1966, a nonviolent, bloodless revolution, in the hearts and minds ofQuebecers and at the election polls. 1.Taking back the control oftheir economy. They wanted more control of their own society, electoral slogan- “masters of our own house”. English capitalists are controlling the economy -hydro electricity, was privately owned. Nationalization of hydro in Quebec.Taking back control of the economy. 2.Improving healthcare andeducation - up until this time education of this time education is run by theRoman Catholic Church; literacy rates are lower than the rest of Canada.Progressive education reforms, rich people leave to get health care. At the ageof 15 only 50% of the population are still in school at this time.
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Kebec Ale
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(2)- example of Englishcapitalists, significant for our purposes because it is the reason the declineof Canadian breweries in the province of Quebec. Controlled by E.P Taylor, richEnglish capitalist, appropriates the name with Quebec flag colours, releases itand has a consumer backlash, French nationalists say that English capitalistsshouldn’t be appropriating their symbols to sell them things. Second reason forthe decline is Death by Dow
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Death by Dow Ale
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(2) - significant for our purposes because itis the final straw - Dow beer was killing people in the 1960s. Women startedgoing to the pubs, as they were finally allowed to enter bars. Cleaning thelipstick off of the glasses needed detergent, started adding cobalt sulphite tokeep the foam through the use of detergents - except Dow beer that was adding10 times more than it needed. Kills 20 people in the province of Quebec. Dowtried a public relations act but in the end it was sold off to RothmansInabilty to connect with Quebecers duirn ghtis time of profound change.
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Divorce Act (1968)
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(3, 4) - significant because it makes gettinga divorce easier in Canada. It brings Trudeau to the public’s attention for thevery first time. Up until now men needed to prove adultery, but woman couldonly divorce her husband if he had sexual deviant tendencies. “Irreconcilable differences” becomes alegitimate reason for a divorce in Canada. Cult of sexual liberty, whichresonates with Canadians.
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Leadership Convention
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(3)- significant because at that electionTrudeau will give a speech that separates him from the pack and ultimatelymakes hi leader of the liberal party and the PM of Canada. Long history ofleaders that swap between French and English. Only French-Canadian for theleader in 1968. Talks about a just society, invokes the name of Martin LutherKing jr, the Vietnam war, masters of our domain. Wants Canadians to feel athome no matter where they go across the nation.
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Trudeaumania
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(3)- (not on the exam) irrational exuberancearound a leader, a honeymoon period, a time he could do no wrong. He isirreverent, not willing to do it the old way. In the 1960s politicians werewearing 3 piece suits, but he wore sports jackets, jeans, and sandals. He wasvery popular with women, dating actresses. Barbara Streisand - celebritycouple. When his relationship fails he calls up a woman 30 years his junior -Margaret Sinclair. Shy man, loner, ideological, deep thinker and pragmatic.Political style - starts off as protecting civil liberties, but as he comesinto office he deals with things pragmatically:1. Official languages act.
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Official Languages Act (1969)
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(3, 4)- it recognises French as one of the 2official languages in Canada. Act grows out of the recommendations of thebilingualism and biculturalism commission (B&B commission). Which made 3recommendations:1. French and English as the twoofficial languages of Canada2. Ottawa should be a bilingualcity3. There should be French andEnglish school for anyone who wants their children to be taught in the languageof their choice across CanadaServices are now available in the language ofyour choice across the nation. In the west they didn’t like this at all
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October Crisis
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3, 4)- Shows Trudeau as a pragmaticpolitician. Terrorist organization (federation de liberation of Quebec) FLQ,October 5, kidnap James Cross, the British trade commission. Release 20 oftheir ‘political prisoners’ and want to have their manifesto read on theairwaves. Read by Radio Canada on October 10th. That same day Pierre Laporte,minister of labour of the provincial government of Quebec, is also kidnapped.Trudeau hasn’t yet invoked the war measures act - the just watch me speech.Civil liberties versus the government needs to protect citizens, he has themajority of public support for invoking the warm measures act. On Oct 15, thelawyer for the FLQ has a meeting - we will organize, we will conquer speech,informants in group, on October 16 he invokes the war measure act, asked byBourassa for help. State of National emergency - 450 individuals are rounded upand detained and not charged, violation of civil liberties. October 17 find thebody of Pierre Laporte in the trunk of a car at an airport. The firstassassination of a political figure since D’Arcy McGee. By December 1970 thecrisis has come to an end and those perpetrator were found charge andimprisoned. James Cross is released 60 days after the event. Changed access topolitical figures which used to be much freer.
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Margaret Sinclair
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(3) - get married March 4, 1971. Wife ofTrudeau. And the mother of Justin Trudeau. Met her in Tahiti when she was 18and he was 48. Her father was a onetime liberal MP. Quintessential hippie. Shedoesn’t remember meeting him then. Invites her to a date in Vancouver. Youthfulappeal. Suggests she gets a job in the civil service, 1970, the relationship isfast-tracking. Feels it's time for him to settle down and have kids and he is50. She is pregnant within a month of marriage. The marriage won’t last 3children in 4 years, suffers from bipolar disorder, political Ottawa isn’ttreating her well. Separated in the late 1970s. Ultimately get divorced in1984. For a while the two of them enjoyed their life. While he is havingpersonal successes,
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FIRA
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an example of Trudeau being a pragmaticpolitician. Designed to please the NDP. The NDP at his time believe in economicnationalism. Canadians should own Canadian firms. Creates Foreign investmentreview agency, reviews the take over any Canadian firm. Only affects takeoversof Canadian companies - 1973.1.Level of competition2. Level of productivity3.What will the takeover do tothe nature of employment in Canada.
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Stagflation
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4, 5) - the principle economic problem of the 1970s. Trudeau hasno successful solution for it. It is a combination of high inflation and highunemployment. It brings the Keynesian episode to an end. Brought on by theOPEC’s use of the oil weapon. This phenomena isn’t supposed to happenaccording the Keynesian theory, but not in the 1970s due to oil shocks, rawmaterial that has nothing to do with labour. Unemployment and inflation isrunning at 10%, worst economic period since the Depression.
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the oil weapon
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(5) - significant because it triggersstagflation. On October 6 , 1973 Syria and Egypt attack Israel, to October 23.Israel is losing an starts thinking of using the bomb. The US sends militaryaid to prevent bomb use. After that war the powers of the middle east are angryat the US for meddling in their affairs. Oil embargo was a punishment, and thatis what triggers stagnation. 5$ to 12$ a barrel in a few short months. If youare the government in power, tried to impose wage and price control
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Anti-inflation Board
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3, 4) - not on the exam - Trudeau creates thisboard to combat stagflation, tackling inflation. Tried to impose wage and pricecontrol. It took the neo-conservatives to control stagflation. Reflected inmusic at the time
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Disco
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(5) - disco is music of the1970, principle music of the ages, it grows out of the Latino, gay and lesbiancommunities who were not impressed with the music of the 1960s, folk and rockmusic (you can’t dance to it). They start renting big garages, first raves,combination of funk, soul, a bit of reggae. Based on a 4/4 beat. Very danceablemusic. Fashion is an extension of the 1960s, hair is the rage, polyester,chests are emblems of masculinity. Wide leg pants, everything is exaggerated.BEE GEE you should be dancing - John Travolta
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Punk Music
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5) - until the downturn in the economy - Punkis a youthful rebellion to the status quo. At at time when the economy isdownturning and there is very little hope for the youth of the nation. The formof resistance was slamming away to their guitars in their garages angrily.Generally created in industrial centres that are now in disarray, reflected intheir clothing, looking like they have gone through Armageddon. Rooted in asense of not having any power in society, if you don’t believe in the politicalsystem, if you don’t believe that athe economy will get better, what do you do?Punk music is angry, but will ultimately be appropriated.
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