History Ap Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Jacksonianism

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one who followed the beliefs of Andrew Jackson and his democratic government for the "common people"

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“Spoils System”

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a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity.

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Indian Removal

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passed by Andrew Jackson and his staff to remove all Indians that were previously settled in the East and had interfferred with white settlement, and were forced to move to an area in the Oklahoma territory and west of the Mississippi River

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Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans

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Jackson, simply, had hated them due to his experiences in the War of 1812 and other battles, and felt that they were a issue with white settlement and had to be removed

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“Trail of Tears”

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was the relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the present-day United States. It has been described as an act of genocide.

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Nullification Crisis

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was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared, by the power of the State itself, that the federal Tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina.

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The Bank War

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the name given to the controversy over the Second Bank of the United States and the attempts to destroy it by then-president Andrew Jackson. At that time, it was the only nationwide bank and, along with its president Nicholas Biddle, exerted tremendous influence over the nation's financial system

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Whigs – party growth and platform

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was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party.

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“Specie Circular”

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was an executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver

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John Calhoun

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was a leading politician and political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century. A powerful intellect, Calhoun eloquently spoke out on every issue of his day, but often changed positions

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Worcester v Georgia

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was a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester, holding that the Georgia criminal statute, prohibiting non-Indians from being present on Indian lands without a license from the state, was unconstitutional

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Roger Taney

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was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. He was the first Roman Catholic to hold that office or sit on the Supreme Court of the United States

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Force Bill

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was initially enacted on March 2, 1833 to authorize U.S. President Andrew Jackson's use of whatever force necessary to enforce Federal tariffs. It was intended to suppress South Carolina's refusal to collect tariffs during the Nullification Crisis

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Peggy Eaton

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Through her marriage to United States Senator John Henry Eaton, she had a central role in the Petticoat affair that disrupted the Cabinet of Andrew Jackson

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Nicholas Biddle

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was an American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States, proposed the many bank plans during the period of the Bank War

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Alexis de Toqueville

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Tocqueville wrote of the New World and its burgeoning democratic order. Observing from the perspective of a detached social scientist, Tocqueville wrote of his travels through America in the early 19th Century when the market revolution, Western expansion, and Jacksonian democracy were radically transforming the fabric of American life. He saw democracy as an equation that balanced liberty and equality, concern for the individual as well as the community

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Voting Rights

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Suffrage is used to describe not only the legal right to vote, but also to the practical question of the opportunity to vote, which is sometimes denied those who have a legal right. In the United States, extension of suffrage was part of Jacksonian democracy

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“Self Made Man”

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The concept of the self-made man is deeply rooted in the American Dream. first proposed in a lecture from Frederick Douglass

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“Two Party System”

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a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government. As a result, all, or nearly all, elected offices are members of one of the two major parties

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Voter Participation

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it rose substantially during the period of Jacksonianism democracy, from around 25% all the way up to around 70%

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Impact of Trade Unions

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helped establish better working conditions, including work hours and also dealt eith matters such as education

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Tariff of Abominations

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The major goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them. The South, however, was harmed firstly by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and secondly because reducing the importation of British goods made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South. The reaction in the South, particularly in South Carolina, would lead to the Nullification Crisis that began in late 1832

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JQ Adams and Tariffs

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One of the issues which divided the administration was protective tariffs. Henry Clay was a leading advocate, but Vice President John C. Calhoun was an opponent. After Adams lost control of Congress in 1827, the situation became more complicated. By signing into law the Tariff of 1828 (also known as the Tariff of Abominations), extremely unpopular in the South, he limited his chances to achieve more during his presidency

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Election of 1828

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featured a rematch between John Quincy Adams, now incumbent President, and Andrew Jackson. As incumbent Vice President John C. Calhoun had sided with the Jacksonians. The National Republicans led by Adams, chose Richard Rush as Adams' running mate

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Criticisms of the National Bank

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The Second Bank of the United States was authorized for a twenty year period during James Madison's tenure in 1816. As President, Jackson worked to rescind the bank's federal charter. In Jackson's veto message (written by George Bancroft), the bank needed to be abolished

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Panic of 1837

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was a financial crisis in the United States built on a speculative fever. The end of the Second Bank of the United States had produced a period of runaway inflation, but on May 10, 1837 in New York City, every bank began to accept payment only in specie (gold and silver coinage), forcing a dramatic, deflationary backlash

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Democrats

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They were people that tended to be small farmers, people who attended Catholic churches, and people that lived in the backwoods

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“Positive Liberal State”

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that the government has the right and duty to subsidize or protect enterprises that could contribute to general prosperity and economic growth

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“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”

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was a very popular and influential campaign song of the Whig Party's colorful Log Cabin Campaign in the 1840 United States presidential election

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Kitchen Cabinet

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refers too the political system of Jackson's administration in which they would have separate meetings and leave out the members they did not agree with