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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zachary Taylor:
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A very laid back and low key commander. His troops fought 2 battles in the war with Mexico and won both and established supply lines in Mexico. He became an overnight hero "Old Rough and Ready" and eventually a national hero. Polk was worried about his popularity and was jealous of him.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin:
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A novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. An anti-slavery novel that attacked the institution of slavery. It was extremely popular and sold over 1.2 million copies by 1853.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo:
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Trist had received a letter of recall from Polk but ignored it and negotiated with Mexican officials to create this treaty. Mexico agreed to give the U.S. a million square miles known as the Mexican Cession. The U.S. gave Mexico 15 million for the land even know they won the war, which showed it was not a justified war and this was guilt money. Polk was furious but eventually calmed down and the treaty was ratified.
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Dred Scott Case:
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Dred Scott was a slave to a man named Emerson, they traveled all over the country Scott acting as Emerson's body guard. When Emerson died, Scott tried to buy his freedom and was unsuccessful even though he was settled in Missouri and should have been free anyways. He then sues for his freedom and wins. Then Emerson's father appeals the case and it goes to Supreme Court where its then decided that Scott had no right to sue because he is not a citizen, and that slavery was allowed in the North. This set the precedent that all unsettled Northern territories could potentially become slave states and this made everything worse.
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What proved that the Mexican-American war was NOT a justified war?
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The guilt money that the U.S. paid to Mexico for the land that they had already won in the war.
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Why didn’t the Compromise of 1850 solve the issue of slavery?
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Set the stage for the civil war. Further dividing the North and the South. Created more problems than it solved. Southerners didn't get constitutional protection for slavery. Northerners thought the south was given too much.
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Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Territorial Act lead to a violent fight for Kansas?
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Because it was good farmland and pro-slavery people rushed to populate the area trying to make it a slave state and anti-slavery people rushed to populate the area trying to make it a free state. This caused a lot of fighting, death and destruction. Two governments formed out of this and war breaks out in Kansas territory. Not a state yet. Federal troops eventually have to get involved but 200 people had already died.
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Why did the Panic of 1857 give the South a false sense of economic security?
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Because the North was only affected by the depression, because it was due to grain over production. The South primarily grew cotton so they were not affected by the depression.
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Why did Lincoln’s election in 1860 heighten the South’s paranoia?
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Because the South realized that they did not have enough population to win an election. They could not increase population because there were no economic opportunities in the South. The North could now do away with slavery and there was nothing the South could do to stop it.
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John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry:
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After returning from Kansas he was a fugitive and decided to try to start a war to end slavery. Him and his men decided to raid Harpers Ferry and steal weapons to give to slaves and abolitionists. The problem was that he never made an escape plan once they got the weapons. They ended up having to lock themselves inside. Federal troops attacked them and 2 of his sons died and he was hanged.
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Jefferson Davis:
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President of the Confederacy. Opposed Lincoln re-supplying federal troops at Fort Sumner with food and wouldn't allow it. Appointed General Bougard as head of Confederate Army, they attacked Fort Sumner and the troops surrendered and the American flag came down. First act of war that eventually would start the Civil War.
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Know that in the middle of the election of 1860, the Democratic party split over the issue of protecting slavery in new territories. This split led to Abraham Lincoln’s Republican victory.
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Know that 7 states seceded and left the Union before Lincoln was even sworn into office.
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Why is the U.S. Civil War known as the first modern war?
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First time a war was fought with weapons made during the industrial revolution. There was no distinction between military and civilian targets. Political Leadership and civilian support were crucial to each side winning.
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What was the problem with the “states’ rights” method of distributing food and supplies to troops in the Confederate armies?
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Because not all states were equally effective. Troops were eating poorly in most areas and their uniforms did not match from state to state.
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Robert E. Lee:
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Leading Southern Commander, military genius, excellent general. He took over after Johnston was injured in a battle at Seven Pines
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Ulysses S. Grant:
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Organized one of the most important battles, the Battle of Fort Donelson, in the Civil War. Surrounded the Confederates and demanded complete surrender. Became an instant hero to the Union. Was surprise attacked later and temporarily demoted.
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Anaconda Plan:
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to institute a naval blockade in the South and strangle it economically.
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General George McClellan:
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Lincoln replaced McDowell with McClellan after the loss at Battle of Bull Run. He solved the uniform problem, he was very skilled at organizing the Army. The troops loved him, but he was very cautious, he wouldn't attack unless he knew he could win. He distrusted Lincoln and created a bad relationship with him.
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What was Robert E. Lee’s trademark in battle?
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The Seven Days Battle when McClellan was inactive for 4 weeks, Lee attacked troops frontally after riding around them finding their positions.
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Why was the Emancipation Proclamation ineffective? What did it ACTUALLY accomplish?
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Because it applied to the Southern states but they did not recognize it because they had their own Confederate government. It changed the goals of the war. The became about freeing humans and restoring the union and allowed black men to serve in the war.
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Black troops in army vs. navy
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Black troops in the navy were treated as equals with white troops. They were given the same opportunities for promotions as whit troops. In the Army, they were not treated equal, they were given labor jobs, no combat, no promotion opportunities.
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What did military service mean to black troops?
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It was a liberating experience for them. Became community leaders and served in political office after the war.
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What role did religion play in the Civil War?
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It justified the war and reassured people that their loved ones died for a good cause, that God was ridding the America of slavery. It helped people cope with the massive death and losses of war.
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Why was Lincoln’s assassination the worst possible outcome for the South?
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Because before he died he wanted to avoid conflict when the war ended and welcome the southern states back smoothly. He didn't recognize secession and so he never felt the states had left the union. If he hadn't have been shot then this likely would have happened after the war ended. Instead Johnson was now President and wanted to punish the South, and Radicals in Congress also wanted to make conditions miserable for the South.
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Know that the 14th amendment made all individuals born in the United States citizens of the United States. This made all former slaves American citizens.
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Know why the Freedmen’s Bureau was a monumental failure. It was underfunded and few freed slaves saw any benefits from it at all. Too much responsibility and not enough resources. |
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2 effects of reconstruction. Why was it a monumental failure?
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1.Severe damage to the Southern economy. The south returned to the cash crop economy. 2.Political corruption: Southern elites unified against Reconstruction and developed this senority system for power. The south became a lawless violent place. Reconstruction did not provide the infrastructure or opportunities to accommodate newly freed slaves. Congress abandoned blacks after Reconstruction ended. Almost all southern blacks were denied the right to vote, and the North moved on to other things. |
