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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the three reconstruction amendments |
-13th: 1865, abolished slavery, under Lincoln, made sure future generations couldn't change -14th: 1868, further protected black rights, defined citizenship, due process of law, voting rights -15th: 1870, illegal to deny voting to race color or previous servitude, 14 blacks elected into house and 2 into senate, military presence was crucial |
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The Knights of Labor and The American Federation of Labor |
-Knights: 1869, led by Terrence Powderly (member of socialist party, owned his own business), favored cooperatively owned businesses, organize all workers, unrealistic goal (not specific enough) -AFL: 1886, led by Samuel Gompers, abandoned idea of solidarity for all laborers, excluded unskilled workers, 3 main goals (higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions), accepted industrialism unlike Knights, more successful\ |
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"Bossism" |
-political control located around a single powerful figure and a complex organization in order to promote financial and political social self-interests -reasons: rapid unorganized urban growth, rapid pop growth, industrial organization, need for increased city services, gov chaos -goal: keep political power and gain financial success -ran on a patronage system (in return for jobs/help bosses required votes) |
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William Marcy Tweed |
-most famous boss -New York Cities Tammany Hall -was in the house, pres. of Board of Supervisors -had mayor, treasurer, governor, state senator, and police/fire/courts under his control -at height of power, was splitting 85% of expenditures made my NYC (bills inflated) -convicted for stealing 25-45 million dollars -put in jail, escaped/fled to Spain, recaptured, died in Jail -Nast cartoons helped aid in second capture |
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Homestead Act |
-1862 -160 acres free land if cultivated for 5 years -lasted until 1980s -had to live on, build a house, use productively -only $18 processing fee -soldiers could use military time as partial cultivation time |
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Upton Sinclair |
-wrote "The Jungle" in 1906 -meant to expose filthy conditions in Chicago slaughterhouse, exploitation of labor in meat-packing industry -socialist -results: congress passed Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and Meat inspection Act of 1906, Created FDA, forbade manufacture and sale of changed/falsely labeled food and medicine |
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W. E. B. Du Bois |
-Believed blacks had to preserve their identity rather than try to conform to society -broke with Washington in 1903 -criticized Washington's attitude of accommodation and submission -helped form the NAACP
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Booker T. Washington |
-said blacks should stop fighting segregation and concentrate on learning useful skills -thought self improvement would lead to social and political equality -wanted to accept the inequality as long as they were given economic opportunities -"the opportunity to earn a dollar is more important that being able to spend it where you want" |
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Andrew Carnegie |
-born 1835 -immigrated from Scotland -moved to Pittsburg -had Henry Clay Frick as business partner -created Carnegie Steel Co. -practiced cost accounting -vertical integration -used high demand for steel as advantage |
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J.P. Morgan |
-finance and industrial consolidation -banked for railroads and steel companies -AT&T, GE, Carnegie Steel -saved gold standard in 1890s -raised 27 mil in 5 minutes in 1907 to keep NYSE open -helped US come to decision for central bank -Federal Reserve dates mirror his birth/death |
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Plessy vs. Ferguson |
-1896 -Supreme court case that said "separate but equal" -Louisiana -Plessy sent to jail for sitting in white RR car, only 1/8 black |
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Standard Oil |
-company started by Rockefeller in 1870 -used petroleum as substitute for whale oil -eventually broken up in 1911 after antitrust suit by US government -Mobil, Exxon, Amoco |
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John D. Rockefeller |
-worlds first billionaire -created Standard oil in 1870 -used automobile industry rise to advantage -created pool to set prices and knock out smaller companies |
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initiative, referendum, recall |
-form of political reforms -initiative: people can write and pass laws themselves -referendum: state must as people before changing important documents such as state constitutions -recall: people can choose to "fire" politicians -not accepted by all states even today |
